Background: Recently, undesirable symptoms have been reported from the consumption of synthetic antioxidant and in the laboratory animals have been led to carcinogenesis and liver damage. There have been many efforts to replace the synthetic antioxidant with natural antioxidants extracted from plant sources. Objective: The comparison of different rootstock of tompson orange regarding to phenolic and flavonoid compounds in both peel and pulp of the fruit and evaluation of antioxidant activity of selected extracts in soybean oil. Methods: Peels and pulps of four orange rootstocks were examined for their phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In order to investigate the antioxidant activity of selected extracts, different concentrations were added to soybean oil (without antioxidant). Peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbitoric acid (TBA) index were measured at certain period of time and their activities were compared with synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)). Results: The results showed that content of phenolic compounds in peel of poncirus rootstock was 31.1 mg GAE/g extract and was higher than other rootstocks and the minimum content of phenolic compounds was measured from pulp part of sour orange rootstock (6.9 mgGAE/g extract). The lowest and highest amount of flavonoid compounds were related to the pulp part of citromela rootstock (1.4 mgQuE/g extract) and the peel part of citrange rootstock (41.3 mgQuE/g extract) respectively. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in peel part were higher than pulp part in all the fruits tested. For the oven test, selective extracts in peel and pulp part of the fruit were poncirus and citromelo rootstocks respectively. More concentrated extracts (600 and 1000 ppm) could be to protect the crude soybean oil from oxidation. The peel extract with 1000 ppm concentration was the only natural extract which was comparable with BHT antioxidant of 200 ppm concentration. Conclusion: The results showed that the phenolic and flavonoid contents were different based on the type of rootstock. Peel and pulp extracts (peel, particularly) can act as a natural antioxidant and can be added to foods after supplementary experiments.

Background: Attending a dentist and placing on the unit can cause anxiety. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the aroma inhalation of orange and lavender essential oils in comparison with placebo on the level of anxiety in clients in a dental clinic in Shiraz. Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 120 patients referred to a Dental Clinic. The patients were divided into three groups of anxiety treatments with scent of lavender, orange and sesame (as control). The Spielberger questionnaire was used to measure the anxiety of the patients before and after the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. The level of significance was considered as 5%. Results: Overall, there is no difference in the state scores of anxiety before and after the interventions. In the sesame group (t-test (-0.068) and the significant level (0.501), in the orange group (t (0.465) and significant level (0.645), in the lavender group (t (0.321) and significant level (0.750). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the levels of state and trait anxiety after the interventions in all three groups. Conclusion: Although, based on the present study, the use of orange and lavender extracts had partially reduced the levels of state and trait of anxiety in dental clients, more clinical studies are recommended.

Background: Patients with heart problems usually suffer from sleep disorders due to the course of the disease. One of the methods for treating sleep disorders is the use of aromatherapy. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare effects of aromatherapy with orange and Citrus aurantium extracts on sleep quality in patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted in the CCU. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 90 patients. The specimens were divided into three groups of aromatic herbal extracts with orange extract, Citrus aurantium extract and control group. The two groups underwent the treatment with these two extracts. In the control group only the usual care was taken. The data gathering tool was a SMHSQ questionnaire and a demographic profile form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean sleep quality score in the two intervention groups was significantly lower than the control group (P= 0.0008). However, the mean score of sleep quality in the two groups of aromatherapy was not significant (P= 0.082). Conclusion: The aromatherapy of orange extract and Citrus aurantium improves sleep quality in patients. Each of the extracts can also affect the next dimension of the quality of sleep, which can be used as a topical scent.