Showing 15 results for Antibacterial Activity
M Rahbar , Sa Hoseini Tagavi , K Diba, A Haidari ,
year 4, Issue 13 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: Shallot (Allium hirtifolium Bosis) belongs to genus Liliaceae There is more than 500 species in this genus. Shallot produces a cluster of bulbs from a single planted bulb. This plant has been used as an additive in foods for many years, but there is little study about antibacterial activity of Shallot Objective: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of Shallot against clinical isolated bacteria. Methods: Crude juice of shallot (Allium hirtifolium) was tested for it's growth inhibitory effect on 4 Gram-negative and 2Gram-positive species Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using dilution method. Results: All test organisms were inhibited by shallot juice. The MIC for Gram-negative enteric rods including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis ranged between 78-624 µ /ml. while the MIC for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 20-80mg/ml.The MIC for Gram -positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus strains and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were 156-312µ/ml and 19.5-78µ /ml respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that Crude juice of shallot has antibacterial activity against both gram positive cocci and Gram-negate rods. It is believed that antibacterial activity of shallot depends on its thiosulfinate components.
H Amiri ,
year 6, Issue 21 (3-2007)
Abstract
Background: The Prangos genus which belongs to Umbelliferae family is represented 15 species in Iran. Jashir (Prangos ferulacea Lindl.) is long and permanent herb which is mainly used as rich herb in animal feeding. Moerover the essential oils were mainly used in nutrative and pharmaceutical industries and antibacterial agents. Objective: Identification of chemical composition of essential oil of Prangos ferulacea grown in Lorestan province and its comparison with other regions, and to study antibacterial activity. Methods: This plant was collected from Broujerd mountains of Lorestan province in Iran. Voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of Natural Resource and Agriculture Center of Lorestan Province (NO: 5783). The air-dried aerial parts were subjected to hydrodistillation method. Identification of essential oil costitiuents was made by GC and GC/MS. After drilling wells on medium oils dissolved in hexane and 40μL from solutions in each well was poured. Results: The yield of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from dried plant material was 1.6% w/w. The main constituent of this oil were α-pinene (36.6%) and β-pinene (31.1%). The results of the antibacterial activity showed that the oil was active against of most of the positive and negative bacteria specially Staphyllococcus aureus. Conclusion: A large prcentage of the oil was composed of hydrocarbone monoterpens and only identified sesquiterpen compound is β-caryophyllene (3.1 %). Sefidkon and Kuznetsova investigations on analysis of the essential oil of aerial parts and fruits from Jashir demonesterated similarities and differenes with our study. Antibacterial activity of the oil was probably attributed to large content of monoterpene especially α-pinene.
A Sonboli , Mr Kanani , M Yousefzadi , M Mojarad ,
year 8, Issue 30 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) consists of 58 annual and perennial species in Iran, of which 17 are endemic. S. hydrangea DC. ex Benth. with common Persian name of "Gol-e Arooneh" has been used in folk medicine of Iran as antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, carminative and sedative. Infusion of flowers was used for treating cold in traditional medicine of Fars province. Objective: Study of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of S. hydrangea from two different localities of Iran. Methods: Aerial parts of S. hydrangea were collected in full flowering stage from two different localities Abadeh (Fars province) and Takab (Azarbaijan province). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS instruments. Antibacterial activities of the oils were evaluated by disc diffusion method. MIC values were measured by microdilution broth susceptibility assay. Results: The essential oils yield of Abadeh and Takab were 0.1 and 0.13% (w/w) based on dry weight of plants, respectively. Thirty-seven and 35 compounds were identified in the oil samples which constituted 97.4 and 98.3 % of the total oils, respectively. In the oil obtained from Abadeh, β-caryophyllene (25.2%), 1,8-cineole (15.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.1%) were found as the major components. From Takab sample β-caryophyllene (26.2%), 1, 8-cineole (14.2%) and α-pinene (11.2%) were characterized as the main compounds. The oils showed moderate antibacterial activity. Conclusion: The differences observed in essential oil composition of two studied samples could be attributed to their different ecological, geographical and edaphical origin factors. The moderate antibacterial activity of the oils could be associated with the presence of 1, 8-cineole.
Ad Chougale , Mv Padul , Md Saiful Arfeen, Sl Kakad ,
year 8, Issue 31 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Woodfordia fruticosa is used traditionally as antidysenteric compound for fodder animals. Stem and flower extracts are previously flourished for their antibacterial activity. Leaves are also equally important, which are preliminary screened for their bioactive components in present study. Objective: Evaluation of antibacterial activity of leaves of W. fruticosa and detection of their active compound. Methods: Different solvent i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, diethyl ether and acetone extracts were studied against four bacterial strains using disc diffusion assay. Most potenz extract was chromatogram on preparative TLC. Further individual separated spots were back checked for their activity. Probable constituents of most active fraction were detected on GC-MS. Results: All four extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. The acetone extract showed highest inhibition against Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2921. The 80 μg and 120 μg of acetone extract exhibit comparable antimicrobial activity against the four different bacteria studied. Amongst the four different spots on TLC chromatogram three of them had activity against B. subtilis NCIM 2921. The most active fraction was collected by preparative TLC and used for GC-MS, which exhibited two peaks. Conclusion: Extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, diethyl ether and acetone were found to be effective against all the srains studied. The fraction of acetone extract, which is more active, constitutes two different compounds, in which both or one of them is responsible for antibacterial activity.
S Keypour Sangesari , H Riahi , H Rafati , M.f Moradali ,
year 8, Issue 32 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background: Ganoderma lucidum belongs to Ganodermataceae family and is a famous medicinal fungus with medicinal properties like antidiabetic, antihypertension, immunomodulating, antiviral and antibacterial effects. Objective: Due to its great medicinal effect and lack of investigation on Iranian species, this study was performed. Methods: In this study, we have investigated antibacterial activity of aqueous extract at four concentrations (50, 125, 250, 500 mg ml-1) against 3 standard Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Entrococcus fecalis) and 2 standard Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Escherichia coli) by using Disk diffusion method. Total polysaccharide of the aqueous extract and sugar composition were analyzed by phenol sulfuric acid method and GC/MS, respectively. Results: The results indicated that the aqueous extract had antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeroginosa at concentration of 500 mg ml-1. The polysaccharide content was 37.751 mg g-1 and the monosaccharide’s constituents were identified. Conclusion: Based on this finding the fungus contains a great amount of polysaccharides that can be use for medicinal properties, but it is not recommended for antibacterial usage according to its weak inhibitory activity.
M Taran, M Sharifi , E Azizi , M Khanahmadi ,
year 9, Issue 33 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background: Pistacia khinjuk is one of the three species Pistacia growing in Iran. The essential oils of some Pistacia plants contain variety of components with different therapeutical effects.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide the examination of antibacterial and antifungal effects of chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether extracts obtained from the leaves of P. khinjuk.
Method: For obtaining different extracts of P. khinjuk, 30 gr of leaves powder was macerated with 120 ml of each solvent (chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of different extracts was individually tested against a panel of microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Results: Some major constituents of essential oil from the aerial parts of P. khinjuk are α-pinene, β-pinene, Myrcene, beta-caryophyllene, Germacrene B and Spathulenol. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria (MIC = 0.02 - 0.5 mg/ml) and fungi (MIC = 0.06 - 0.4 mg/ml).
Conclusion: In conclusion the different leaves extracts of P.khinjuk (chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether) like other species of Pistacia show antibacterial and antifungal activities.
E Kiaei, M Mazandarani , E Ghaemi ,
year 9, Issue 34 (5-2010)
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is extremely prevalent in the world. Despite treatment with antibiotics, recurrency is common in the patients and there is potential for developing antibiotic resistance. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of 7 medicinal plants on pathogenic bacteria causing Urinary Tract Infection. Method: Plants were collected from their natural habitats in Golestan province (North of Iran). Antibacterial effects of ethanolic extracts were analyzed by disc diffusion method. Also the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by the microdilution Broth. Results: The results showed that Berberis vulgaris was the most effective extract with 29.4 mm diameter of inhibition zone on gram positive bacteria specially S. epidermidis. A. calcoaceticus, S. aereus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus were the most sensitive bacteria with maximum inhibition zone of 20.1, 26, 29.4, 28.5 mm, respectively. P. aeroginosa, C. freundii, K. pneumonia, and P. mirabilis were the most resistant bacteria in this research. Also extracts had better antibacterial effect in amount of 100 mg/ml. The lowest MIC values was measured in Berberis vulgaris with 0.09 mg/ml0 against S. epidermidis. Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram negative bacteria. These plants in native’s traditional medicine have been used by rural people as antiseptic for the treatment of UTI. In addition, Our results showed that Berberis vulgaris and Hypericum perforatom were have strong antibacterial effects. Conclusion: In addition to Traditional uses of these plants in Golestan province for the treatment of UTI symptoms, invitro evaluation and clinical trials for their effects to treat UTI is suggested for future research.
N Hosseini , M Akbari , R Ghafarzadegan , S Changizi Ashtiyani, R Shahmohammadi ,
year 11, Issue 43 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: In recent years, plants natural products have gained considerable attention as natural preservers for use in different industries. Due to their free radical scavenging activities, phenolic compounds can prevent a wide range of diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. For a long time, different Ferulago species have been in use as medicinal plants worldwide.
Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate total phenolics and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil and different extracts from F. angulata growing wild in Iran.
Methods: Antioxidant activity of our samples was examined by DPPH assay and their phenolic content was determined using the Folin – Ciocalteau method. Moreover, their inhibitory effects against five gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including Shigella boidii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were tested by using the disk diffusion method.
Results: Ethyl acetate fraction and methanol extract contained the highest levels of phenolic compounds (229.2 and 202.9 µg/mg galic acid) in this study. Also, essential oil of this plant exhibited low free radical scavenging activity (IC50= 36129.43µg/ml). On the other hand, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 values of 20.153 and 28.28 µg/ml, respectively). Finally, studied samples had no significant antibacterial activities against tested organisms.
Conclusion: The essential oil of this plant can be used as a flavoring agent while extracts prepared from it have the potential to be used as natural antioxidants in relevant industries.
F Raei , M Ghorbani Nohooji , M Habibi , N Ashoori ,
year 13, Issue 49 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Despite the discovery of numerous antibiotics, drug resistance still remains as a major problem. Therefore, it is important to introduce and replace new sources of drug such as medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties. Objective: The genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae family) has six species in Iran. Aerial parts of Clematis have been used to cure fever and chronic diseases such as Rheumatism in traditional medicine. In this research, antibacterial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of aerial part in two major species of the genus in Iran (contains C. orientalis and C. ispahanica) were studied. Methods: Aerial plant parts were dried in shade, powderized and then ethanolic and methanolic extracts were prepared. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was measured against six laboratory standard strains including gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also determined using broth microdilution. Results: Results showed that antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts is stronger than the ethanolic one. Also, C. ispahanica has stronger antibacterial activity in comparison to C. orientalis. Gram positive test bacteria showed the most susceptibility to both extracts compared to gram negative organisms. Conclusion: According to antibacterial effects of alcoholic extracts, it seems necessary to diagnose effective antibacterial components to compare results with existed finding and introduce a new trapeutic source.
B Noudoost , N Noori , Gh Amo Abedini , H Gandomi , A Akhondzadeh Basti , A Jebeli Javan , F Ghadami ,
year 14, Issue 55 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: The application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage.
Objective: In this study encapsulation of green tea extract in nanoliposomes and evaluation of its antibacterial, antioxidant and prebiotic properties were evaluated.
Methods: GTE was encapsulated in liposomes by thin film layer method and reached to nanoscale with sonication. The prebiotic activity of 1% nanoliposomal GTE was evaluated on the growth of lactobacillus casei and bifidobacterium lactis in MRS broth medium. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of nanoliposomal GTE was estimated by DPPH assay. The antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE against Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Salmonella typhimurium 138 phage type 2, E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC19118) was determined using well diffusion technique.
Results: The mean diameter of nanoliposomes was about 44.7± 1.9 nm and had 0.203 ±0.014 polydispersity index. Entrapment efficiency of nanoliposomal GTE under the optimum conditions was 97%. Antibacterial activity of GTE was significantly increased after encapsulation in nanoliposomes. The strongest antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE was seen against listeria monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm while E. coli was the most resistance strain with an inhibition zone of 14 mm. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of GTE was significantly increased after nanoliposome encapsulation since the IC50 value of nanoliposomal GTE was decreased to 1.78 &mug ml-1. Moreover, addition of 1 % nanoliposomal GTE enhanced the growth rate of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis to a significant extent.
Conclusion: Nanoencapsulation effectively enhanced beneficial properties of GTE.
M Mehrzadeh, J Valizadeh, A Ghasemi,
year 16, Issue 64 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: During the last decade research have been focussed on developing simple, clean, non-toxic, cost effective and ecofriendly protocols for synthesis of nanoparticles.
Objective: The current study aim to characterization and biosynthesis of gold nano particles (Au NPs) using calyx aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and study of their antimicrobial activity.
Methods: Gold nano particles (AuNPs) were biosynthesized by using HAuCl4.3H2O and the calyx aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. In order to gain the best AuNPs with a uniform shape and size, parameters affecting on synthesis such as: volume of plant extract, pH of the reaction, concentration of HAuCl4.3H2O solution, time of reaction were investigated and optimized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for further characterization of the nanoparticles. Finally, the antibacterial properties of gold nanoparticles were evaluated by disc diffusion method.
Results: The results of transmission electron image identified the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a size range of 5-10nm. A sharp peak with a maximum absorbance of 570nm was observed which is the characteristic wavelength of gold nanoparticles. The highest inhibition were obtained with the gold nanoparticles against Hafnia alvei bacteria.
Conclusion: In this study, the gold nanoparticles synthesized by calyx aqueous extract of
H. sabdariffa L. and they have relatively good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
Hoorieh Sadat Mairmalek-Sani, Nasrin Samadi,
year 19, Issue 74 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background: In addition to creating the desired flavor, spices play an important role in increasing the shelf life of food by inhibiting the growth of a variety of microorganisms. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of boiled and non-boiled water extract of Curcuma longa L., Capsicum annuum L. and Piper nigrum alone or in combination. Methods: The antibacterial effect of the spices was investigated against four major food-born pathogens by agar dilution method in different acidic or salty conditions. Results: The results of this study showed that non-biled water extract of C. annuum had the highest antibacterial activity. Gram-positive bacteria were generally more susceptible to the tested spices. The antibacterial activity of the spiceces was reduced by addition of sodium chloride and in acdic pH. A synergistic effect was observed between C. annuum and P. nigrum water extracts agaist Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion: It seems that by using mixture of spices, suitable antimicrobial preservative systems could be designed for different food products.
Zahra Bashiri, Masoud Yousefi, Simon G Royce, Mohammad Fereidouni,
year 21, Issue 83 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: Different parts of plants are rich sources of bioactive ingredients and have received much attention during recent decades. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of five common allergenic pollens extracts. Methods: The aqueous and lipid extracts were prepared from allergenic plant pollens including Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Artemisia vulgaris, Cupressus arizonica, and Ailanthus altissima. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined using the broth microdilution method against ATCC bacteria strains. Results: Total protein content of aqueous extracts was form 453 to 2772 μg/ml, but for all lipid extracts it was less than 0.2 μg/ml. Aqueous pollen extracts of C. album, C. arizonica and A. altissima (MIC between 38.8 to 562 μg/ml), and the lipid pollen extracts of C. album, C. arizonica, A. altissima, A. retroflexus, and A. vulgaris (MIC between 0.89 to 21.9 μg/ml) had a significant antibacterial activity on E. faecalis. Moreover, the aqueous pollen extract of A. altissima (MIC = 8.7 μg/ml), and the lipid pollen extracts of C. arizonica, A. altissima, A. retroflexus, and A. vulgaris (MIC between 1.78 to 21.9 μg/ml) showed a significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The only extract with antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae was the lipid pollen extract of A. vulgaris (MIC value of 3.72 μg/ml). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the significant antibacterial activity of some plants pollen extracts. More studies are needed to further assess the active compounds in the pollen extracts and their cytotoxic effects.
Ratih Pramuningtyas, Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa, Sri Wahyuni,
year 23, Issue 90 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Utilizing pomegranate peel as an antibacterial agent in topical formulations presents an opportunity for optimization through innovative drug delivery systems, notably encapsulating extracts and fractions within a nanoemulgel. Objective: This study aimed to formulate ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of pomegranate peel into nanoemulgels and assess their antibacterial activity against skin disease-causing bacteria. Methods: The methodology encompassed extraction, formulation, testing, and antibacterial assays involving maceration and fractionation using ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. The physical properties and antibacterial efficacy of the nanoemulgels were evaluated. Results: Nanoemulsions derived from pomegranate peel ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate exhibited promising attributes, demonstrating 98.27 % and 98.77 % transmittance levels and zeta potentials of 0.18 mV and 0.32 mV. The nanoemulgel with ethanol had a pH of 6.62 ± 0.02, 6.86 ± 0.01, 6.3 ± 0.01 in 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 % concentrations. For nanoemulgels with ethyl acetate, the pH levels for concentrations 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 % are 6.58 ± 0.00, 6.80 ± 0.01, and 6.94 ± 0.01, respectively. These nanoemulgels displayed consistent odour, colour, and homogeneity characteristics, highlighting their suitability for topical application. The adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity assessments showed concentration-dependent variations, influencing effectiveness and user comfort. Notably, these nanoemulgels displayed substantial potential as antimicrobial agents against S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacteria in inhibitory assays, signalling promise for addressing skin infections. Conclusion: Overall, the study underscores the potential of nanoemulgels derived from pomegranate peel extracts as a natural alternative for topical antimicrobial therapy against skin infections.
Ali Derakhshani, Sahereh Soltani, Parastoo Zarghami Moghaddam, Samaneh Mollazadeh, Manouchehr Teymouri,
year 23, Issue 90 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Tooth decay is the result of the activity of cariogenic microorganisms that live in dental plaque. Among these, Streptococcus mutans is the main factor in the development and progression of dental tissue destruction. Objective: The study aims to investigate the anti-caries potential of a natural compound-based varnish against S. mutans on a set of dental specimens. Methods: Fifty-four extracted human molar and premolar specimens were procured from an outpatient clinic of pediatric dentistry, Bojnurd, Iran. These teeth were cast in a silicon putty and treated with a varnish made of propolis and miswak (from twigs of Salvadora persica L. tree) ethanolic extracts, followed by incubation in a harsh acidic medium (pH 2). Then, the density of samples, antibacterial activity, buffering capacity, and fluoride release were respectively investigated using radiography, disc diffusion and microdilution tests, and pH drop challenge in acetic acid solution (PH 4). Results: Overall, the varnishes protected the dental samples from dissolution in the acidic medium, as evidenced by the radiographic examination. The varnishes also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity (inhibition zones of 3.2 ± 0.8 mm and 2.0 ± 0.2 mm for miswak and propolis varnish films), a considerable buffering capacity (pH increase from 4 to 7 within 5 minutes), and released fluoride (mean 85 µmoles). Conclusion: The application of natural compound-based varnish is strongly recommended for dental protection.
