The genus Cymbopogon, a one of Poaceae family, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions.‏The essential oils extracted from this genus used in food, soap, perfumary and other related industries. The C. citratus stapf species was cultivated for first time in the north of Iran. Therefor, recognition of essential oil composition is necessary. Essentiol oil extracted with hydrodistillation method from fresh leaves, and analysed by GC/MS. From 91.1% of identifed components, Citral (49.43%), Citronellal (20.25%) and Geranyl acetate (6.41%) were major components respectively.

Composition of the volatile oils of the C. bigaradia, C. limon and C. delicosa have been investigated. The plant materials (leaves) were collected in spring 2000 from Corta (The medicinal plants garden) near Tonecabon, North of Iran. The oils were collected by means of hydrodistilation procedure. The yields were 1.4% v/w, 1.1 % v/w and 1% v/w respectively. Subesequently the oils were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main constituents of C.bigaradia were linallol (38.72%), linalyl acetare (36.52%), α-terpineol (8.68%), of C. limon were geranial (31.45%), neral (23.16%), β-pinene (22.39%) and limonenc (6.7%) and of C. deliciosa were sabinene (37.64%), linallol (36.60%), δ-3-carene (4.42%) and citronellal (3.81%).

Anethum graveolens L. an annual, herbaceouse and aromatic plant is belong to Apiaceae family. All Parts of Dill plant are fragrant. Carvone, Phellandren and Limone compounds are major constituents of Dill essential oil. Previous studies shown that serious variations take place on quantity and quality of Dill essential oil. Therefore, in this research variation on essential oil Percentage and constituent at three stage of plant growth studied. Result shown that best growth stage or harvest time for obtaine highest essential oil and Carvon yield is early seed forming stage (green seeds) or before complet ripening stage (brown seeds).

So many articles on fennel (Foeniculum Valgare Mill.) essential oil constituents have been published. The goal of this article is influnce of preparations of essential oil on quality and quantity of the essence. We prepared the essences by two methods (hydrodistillation and steam distillation). Hydrodistillation were conducted in four different process time (15, 30, 60 and 150 minutes) and the latter conducted at 150 minutes. The oils were analysed by GC and GC/MS. 37 major compounds were detected in the oild totally 91.37 to 97.57% of the essences were consisted of these compoundes. E Anethole, Estragole and D-(+)- Fenchone were the most frequent compounds. The highest percent of anethole was at 30 minute.

Background: Foeniculum vulgare Miller. is a traditional herbal medicine used widely in world. This paper focuses on the analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil from the whole plant and calli of Foeniculum vulgare Miller.. Method: Growing the calli of Foeniculum vulgare Miller. and production its secondary metabolites studied and compared with those in the whole plant. Seeds were immersed in water for 5 min, surface-sterilized in 70% aqueous ethanol for 2 min and rinsed three laid on autoclaved agar (0.8%) and after 10 days the upper parts of the resultant seedlings were transferred to autoclaved MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium which were containing 2,4- D (1 mg/l), IAA (1 mg/l) and K (0.2 mg/l) as plant grow regulators. The callus were produced and subcultvred every 20-22 days. Results: Callus volatile constituents were consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons (14.13%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (34.83%) the typical components were (E, E) 2,4 – Decadienal (22.64%) and 1,8 cineole (17.35%). In the whole plant 37 major compounds were detected in the oild totally 91.37 to 96.93% of the essences were consisted of these compoundes. E Anethole, Estragole and D-(+)- Fenchone were the most frequent compounds.

Background: The genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) is distributed in mild regions of the Mediterranean and south-west Asia. About 270 Stachys species are reported 34 of them are found in Iran of which 13 are endemic. Several Stachys species are used in Iranian folk medicine as medicinal plants. There is no report on Stachys athorecalyx essential oil analysis previousely. Objective: Investigation on essential oil constituents of Stachys athorecalyx collected from Arasbaran protected area Method: in this study, Stachys athorecalyx has been collected from the Arasbaran protected areas shade dried and the essential oil extracted by means of steam distillation and analyzed with GC/MS. Results: Thirty six compounds representing 98.1% of total oil were identified in the oil of Stachys athorecalyx. Spathulenol (22.1%) was the major compounds. Oxygenated compounds were predominant (71.2%). Eighteen monoterpenes (47.9%), thirteen sesquiterpenes (42.9%) and two aromatic compounds (1.6%) were founded. Conclusion: according to our investigation’s results and considering previousely reports on other Stachys species’ essential oil compounds, there is good similarity between essential oil compounds of this species and other reported species in this genus.

Background: In traditional medicines of west part of Iran, Falcaria vulgaris has significant roles. Falcaria vulgaris (gazayagji) has been used for treatment at gastric ulser, and skin ulcerous. Objective: The purpose of this study is investigated the qualitative and quantitative properties, components of this plant. Methods: Composition of extracted and volatile of the Falcaria vulgaris have been investigated. Materials (leaves) were collected in spring from Dalahoo, west of Iran. The oils were collected by means of hydrodistilation procedure. Results: The yield was 2.15 W/V, respectively. Subsequently the oils were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Conclusion: The main constituents of the F. vulgaris were Carvacrol (20.93%) & Spatulenul (27.08%).

Background: Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinialis L.) is an aromatic, medicinal and condiment plant that belongs to the family labiatae, reaching a height of 1.5 meter. Essential oil of rosemary, known as rosemary oil, is extracted by hydrodistillation method from the fresh leaves and twigs. The yield ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 % (w/w). Objective: Improving the total yields, determining minimum steam to be passed through the packed bed, evaluating influence of used multi-stage column and trend to change into important component with time of distillation are the aims of this work. Methods: In this work, essential oil was extracted from rosemary plant by steam distillation method. For the extraction of essential oil by this method rosemary was exposed to the steam flow. The processes were done and the extraction yield was calculated. Then, the components of the essential oils analyzed by GC-MASS and GC instruments. Results: Experiments that were conducted in multi-stage columns and decreased steam flow rate proved that an increase in the number of stages has a considerable effect upon the yield. Also analyses which were done on essential oils components during 5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 minutes intervals showed different extraction phenomena for three major components of the oil α-pinene, 1, 8- cineol and camphor. Conclusion: This study showed a direct correlation between increase of contact time of steam and increase of the yield. Also barrier effect of cell wall and boiling point of components affect extraction phenomena of them.

Background: Artemisia absinthium L. (common wormwood) has been widely used in traditional medicine. The plant contains toxic components: α and β-thujone, therefore, it should be used with caution. Objective: Since common wormwood is considered to be a toxic plant, we decided to evaluate toxic compounds quantities in those used in Iranian folk market. Method: Five samples were purchased from Tehran markets. Essential oil of the flowers was obtained by water distillation. Essential oils were injected to gas chromatograph and their thujone content were determined according to the calibration curve. Results: The results showed that α-thujone is absent in all samples and β-thujone content in the essential oils is much less than its amount reported from other countries. Conclusion: Since the quantity of toxic compounds are low in the plant growing in Iran, it is proposed that Artemisia absinthium L. can be studied for its some medical uses.

Background: Zataria multiflora Boiss. is considered as an annual plant endemic in south of Iran. Origanum majorana L. is one of the most famous medicinal and nutritional herbs growing in the temperate zones of south Europe. These two have been used as carminative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, bronchodilator and expectorant in traditional medicine of Iran and European countries. Objective: In the current study, chemical composition and antiviral effect of the essential oil of Z. multiflora and O. majorana are investigated. Methods: Composition of the essential oil samples obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Z. multiflora and O. majorana (Lamiaceae) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Antiviral effect of the oils were investigated on Herpese simplex separately. Results: Twenty-four components in the oil of Z. multiflora with thymol (38%), carvacrol (34.96%) and para-cymene (7.17%) as the major constituents were identified. Twenty-seven components in the oil of O. majorana were recognized, whereas terpinene-4-ol (36.2%), para-cymene (16.3%) and -terpinene (7.31%) were the main components. The concentration of 1/10000 of each oil was added to Hela cells contained with HSV-I. The growth of the organism was not inhibited at this concentration of the oils. Conclusion: In this research 98.62% and 96.72% of the essential oil of Z. multiflora and O. majorana were determined. Both essential oils were characterized by a high amount of oxygenated compounds (85.33% and 60.3% respectively). Where as the concentration more than 1/10000 of the oils were citotoxic for Hela cells, more study and different methods is needed to investigate antiviral effects of these two oils.