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Showing 8 results for Menthol

D Yazdani, Ah Jamshidi , F Mojab,
year 1, Issue 3 (9-2002)
Abstract

Peppermint with scientific name of Mentha piperita from Lamiaceae family is one of the medicinal and aromatic plants that its essentiol oil uses widly in medicinal, food, cosmetic and health industrials. Peppermit cultivated by different companies or persons in different regions of Iran. This research done for identification and selection of suitable cultivation region and effect of climate on essential oil and menthol content of peppermint dry herb. At suitable time , shoots of peppermint harvested and dried, then volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation method. Volatile oil was analyzed by G.C methods for identification and determination of menthol percent. Result shown that Essential oil and menthol content varied by variation on climatic conditions.

A Mehrafarin , H Naghdi Badi , M Poorhadi , E Hadavi , N Qavami , Z Kadkhoda ,
year 10, Issue 40 (12-2011)
Abstract

Background: In order to sustainable agriculture, applications of bio-fertilizers are as a gradual alternative to chemical fertilizers or at least to minimize the levels of these chemical. Objective: To determine the effects of some bio-fertilizers and urea fertilizers on agronomical and pharmaceutical yield of Peppermint. Methods: This study was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were control (no applying fertilizer), three different bio-fertilizers (4 & 8 kg.ha-1 for each one), and chemical urea fertilizer 75 & 100 kg.ha-1. Results: The result showed that fertilizer treatments had significant effects on plant height, stem fresh and dry weight of per ha, dry weight of leaf per ha, menthone content (p<0.05), leaf number per stem, fresh and dry weight of leaf per stem, essential oil yield per ha, and menthol content (p<0.01). Generally the lowest qualitative and quantitative yield of peppermint was related to control treatment. However, the application of bio-fertilizers significantly increased the yield in respect of all studied parameters and the highest yield was observed in Nitroxin and urea treatment. So that, the amount of menthone and menthol of essential oil in bio-fertilizer of Nitroxin (8 kg.ha-1) had not significant statistical difference with urea fertilizer (75 kg.ha-1). Conclusion: The application of the bio-fertilizers especially Nitroxin increased qualitative and quantitative yield of peppermint. Then, the application of bio-fertilizers can be used in order to an alternative or reduction in application of chemical fertilizers in agro-ecosystem which is attitude toward the minimize of environmental pollution and sustainable agriculture.

M Aali-Kordkolaei, R Zarghami, S Mirzakhanlouei, Sh Rezazadeh, R Hajiaghaee, R Ghaffarzadegan,
year 15, Issue 57 (2-2016)
Abstract

Background: L-menthol [(1R,3R,4S)-(-)-menthol] is a flavoring that is the main component of mint herb essential oils, especially of the Menthapiperita and Menthaarvensisspecies. Menthol is used commercially in a variety of products for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cooling characteristics. Both natural and synthetic menthol is found in powder crystalline form. Its low solubility in aqueous systems makes precise formulation necessary in the final products.Of the methods available for fabrication of nanoparticles for use in pharmaceuticals, electrospraying is easy and requires only one step.

Objective: Electrospraying was used to fabricate menthol/PEG micro/nanoparticles. The experiments used menthol concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20% (wt) and PEG concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% (wt).

Methods: The effect of menthol and PEG concentration on the morphology of the fabricated particles was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the best levels for each parameter under optimal conditions.

Results: SEM results revealed that an increase in PEG and menthol concentrations in solution, increased the particle diameters. RSM showed that particle diameter should be calculated as the square root of a function of the first order and cubic forms of menthol and PEG. Optimization results show that the optimal menthol concentration is 10.7% (wt) and PEG concentration is 7.31% (wt). The optimal modeled particle diameter of 1219 nm approached the real test particle diameters (1136 nm). The results indicate that the modeled conditions were appropriate for menthol/PEG electrospray particles.

Conclusion: The results showed that the maximum PEG concentration effects particle diameter because of its polymeric structure. At high menthol concentrations, the percentage of menthol in a droplet was greater than the PEG concentration and some menthol sublimated during drop formation. At low menthol concentrations, PEG covered the menthol and prevented sublimation, decreasing the effect of menthol concentration.


M Seif Sahandi , A Mehrafarin , F Khalighi-Sigaroodi , M Sharifi , H Naghdi Badi ,
year 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is native to Mediterranean region which cultivated for food, pharmaceutical, and perfumery uses in all over the world. The aerial part of peppermint contains essential oil, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and salicylic acid. Menthol is the most important constituents of peppermint oil which synthesized and accumulated in glandular trichomes on the leaf surface. Menthol creates a coolness sense in the mouth due to inhibition of the TRPM8 channel in the neurons. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the peppermint effect on improving upper gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, muscle spasm, and respiratory problems. It also has antioxidative, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-allergic and anti-androgenic effects. Peppermint is a valuable herb in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries which needs further phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Therefore, this article reviews the anatomical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this plant.
 

M Seif Sahandi , H Naghdi Badi, A Mehrafarin , F Khalighi-Sigaroodi, M Sharifi ,
year 18, Issue 72 (11-2019)
Abstract

Background: Nitrogen is the most important nutrient requirement for plants. Nitrogen supplying affected the leaf area, carbon fixation, glandular trichomes formation, ATP and NADPH content which resulted to the terpenoids biosynthesis enhancement and essential oils accumulation.
Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate changes of essential oil content and components by use different levels of Urea fertilizer and its relation with the antioxidant status of peppermint.
Method: The two field experiments were conducted on randomized complete block design at 2013 and 2014. The treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) (0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1). The evaluated traits were included antioxidant enzymes, essential oil percentage and essential oil components.
Results: The urea fertilizer had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on the soluble protein amount and antioxidant enzymes activity. Urea consumption in the both years increased the peppermint essential oil content. The interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and year had a significant effect on most of the essential oil components excepted to β-pinene, myrcene, Limonene, 1,8- Cineole, Z-β- Ocimene, and α- Terpineol.
Conclusion: Using nitrogen fertilizer increased the peppermint essential oil content. Also, nitrogen deficiency reduced the soluble proteins and essential oil content and in contrast, it increased antioxidant enzymes activity and pulegone content. Therefore, consumption of 75 kg urea per hectare is recommended due to increasing essential oil content, decreasing pulegone rate, and no significant effect on menthol, menthone, and menthofuran contents.

Sekineh Maleki , Hengameh Taheri,
year 18, Issue 72 (12-2019)
Abstract

Background: In peppermint, precursors for the biosynthesis of monoterpenes are provided by plastidial methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathways.
Objective: In order to increase our understanding of terpene metabolism in M. piperita, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the modulation of expression pattern of genes involved in essential oil biosynthesis and secretion was investigated.
Method: Transcript abundance of MEP pathway genes, some introduced transcription factors (TFs) families that probably involved in regulating MEP pathway and two genes coding lipid transfer protein (LTP1, LTP2) were monitored by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in response to SA and ABA at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h after treatments. As well as, GC/MS was employed to analysis the quality and quantity of essential oil.
Results: In plants treated with SA and ABA, oil yield and menthol content increased. Transcript abundance of MCT and CMK genes increased in response to SA treatment. As well as, ABA treatment substantially enhanced mRNA level of gene encoding HDR and MCT. However, transcript levels of other MEP pathway associated genes were not positively affected by both treatments. Moreover, LTP1 transcript and some trichome activator genes which belong to MYB and C2H2 families were increased. These results suggest that, in addition to the effect of altered isoprene availability on terpenoid biosynthesis, increased quality and quantity of essential oil components in M. piperita upon SA and ABA were mediated by other mechanisms.
Conclusion: These results provide future avenues for investigation of the underlying mechanism of transcriptional regulation of terpenoids to enhance therapeutic efficacy of
M. piperita.

M Motiee, M Abdoli,
year 20, Issue 79 (8-2021)
Abstract

Background: Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants which used in food, pharmaceutical, perfumery, and flavoring industry. Objective: This study was planned to investigate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid and yeast extract on production of valuable essential oil components in peppermint. Methods: A completely randomized design experiment with nine treatments consisting salicylic acid (40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/l), yeast extract (0.25, 0.75, 1 and 1.5 g/l) and distilled water (control) with three replications was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Results: In total, forty compounds were identified in the essential oils of the plant aerial parts. Menthone, menthol, piperitone, isopulegol and
γ-terpinene were the major compounds of the oils studied. Menthone and menthol were 16.69 % and 14.39 % of the essential oils, respectively. Salicylic acid and yeast extract were increased menthone, neomenthol, piperitone, γ-terpinene and isomenthol acetate production 42, 60, 39, 59 and 34 % higher than control plants, respectively. Foliar application with 320 mg/l salicylic acid gave the best result in the enhancement of the major essential oil components of treated plants. The results of correlation between essential oil constituents showed that the neomenthol content had a significant positive correlation with menthone (r = 0.865**), γ-terpinene (r = 0.848**) and negative correlation with isopulegol (r = -0.886**). Conclusion: The quality of essential oil of M. piperita were influenced by the foliar application of salicylic acid and yeast extract at the appropriate concentrations. Elicitation by 320 mg/l salicylic acid was the optimum treatment for menthone, neomenthol, γ-terpinene and piperitone production.

Zeinab Shariatmadari, Majid Ghorbani Nohooji, Hossein Riahi, Fatemeh Heidary,
year 21, Issue 83 (9-2022)
Abstract

Background: The cyanobacteria isolated and purified from soil can increase plant growth and productivity as bioelicitors. Objective: This study aimed was to investigate the effect of cyanobacteria as a bioelicitor on the production efficiency and essential oil composition of Mentha longifolia L. Methods: Two species of heterocystous cyanobacteria, Anabaena vaginicola ISB42 and Nostoc spongiaeforme ISB65, were used as bioelicitors to optimize the growth and productivity of Mentha longifolia L. Five pots were considered for each treatment and five others for the control plants. Treatment lasted for 100 days, and the treated plants were irrigated with 200 ml of cyanobacterial suspensions (0.2 %) every 21 days intervals. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design in an experimental greenhouse condition. After inoculation of treated plants with cyanobacterial bioelicitors, the vegetative factors, including shoot and root length, leaf area, as well as fresh and dry weight of plants were evaluated. In addition to growth factors, analyses of essential oils in studied plants were performed. Results: The results showed significant improvement in vegetative growth indices of the treated plants. Also, some economic and medicinal metabolites such as menthol, eucalyptol and phytol were increased in the essential oil of treated plants. The results also showed a significant increase in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated diterpenes in plants treated with cyanobacteria compared to controls. Conclusion: So, the use of cyanobacterial bioelicitors can be suitable to increase the yield as well as the economic and medicinal value of this medicinal plant.


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