Background: Learning and memory impairment during aging mind have a disturbance role in human life. Regarding to the defect mechanisms for prevention or treatment of memory loss, the new strategies were recommended for study on it. Objective: Importance of herbal medicine treatment encouraged us to examine the effect of a candidate plant Acorus calamus for improvement of learning and memory. Methods: Male rats were randomly divided to control and treatment groups. In treatment group the plant were applied to animals in oral (plant/ food ratio = % 6.25) for two weeks and in injected groups the plant extract were applied (i.p) to rat in 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Finally, all experimental animal groups were conducted to Y maze and shuttle box tests in order to obtain spatial recognition and acquisition – recalling data, respectively. Results: The step through latency (STL) time resulted from oral and 100 mg/kg injected dose groups show a significant difference with control animals. Also, alternation behavior (%) obtained from Y maze test data was marked than control rats. Conclusion: The present study show that oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extract in higher dose could have increase spatial recognition and recalling the data,

Background: In traditional medicine, a gum resin obtained from Boswellia carterii, has been used as an agent for enhancing memory and learning abilities. Objective: In the present research, the effect of fractions obtained from gum resin of Boswellia carterii was assessed on enhancement of memory in intact and on memory impairments induced in rats by hyoscine using the Morris water maze task. Methods: The ethyl acetate (0.1 mg/kg) and N-butanol (0.1 mg/kg) fractions were injected intraperitoneally to rats 1 h before training for 5 consecutive days. During the training period, four trials were carried out each day. On the 5th day of the experiment, the locomotor activity was assessed using open field test. The effect of ethyl acetate fractions was evaluated on memory impairment induced by hyoscine (0.5 mg/kg). Results: The ethyl acetate (0.1 mg/kg) and N-butanol (0.1 mg/kg) fractions showed significant effects in enhancing the memory ability in intact rats. This effect was much significant with ethyl acetate fraction (p<0.001). The ethyl acetate (0.1 mg/kg) fraction reduced the deficit effect of hyoscine on memory (p<0.001). The N-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions (0.1 g/kg) have no effect on locomotor activity. Conclusion: On the basis of these results, B. carterii gum resin improved intact memory and the hyoscine impaired acquisition/performance activity. This effect may be mediated via cholinergic system.