The essential oil of the leaves of Lippia citriodora H.B.K. (Verbenaceae) cultivated in Iran was analyzed by capillary GC, GC/MS and co-injection techniques. The major constituents were geraniol, 1-octen-3- ol,nerol, neral and limonene + 1,8- cineole.

Background: Roses have been used since ancient time in rituals, cosmetics, perfumes, medicines and aromatherapy. Turkey, the main rose oil producer in the world, uses R. damascena Mill. for rose oil production.
Objective: In this work a comparative survey on chemical composition of essential oils of Rosa damscena Mill. from different locations of Iran has been proposed in industrial scales.
Methods: Essential oils from Rosa damscena Mill. was obtained by hydrodistillation. The extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization (GC/FID) and capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) respectively for detection and identification of the extracted compounds.
Results: According to the results, for roses from Iran, citronellol was the main component with accounting for Kashan 27.6%, Bardsir 41.2%, Mehdyabad 38.4%, and Lalehzar 41.6%. It was compared with other countries such as Turkish 32.0%, Bulgaria 32.0% and India 40.0%. 
Conclusion: The results showed that the monoterpene citronellol is the main component of the second essential oils of R. damascene from Iran, which is present in remarkably high amounts in the oil of Kerman and Kashan.

Background: Essential oil content and composition in medicinal and aromatic plants is highly affected by both biotic and abiotic factors.
Objective: To investigate the effects of drought stress, zeolite and bio-fertilizers on morphological characteristics and essential oil constituents in Dracocephalum moldavica L.
Methods: This experiment was conducted in the form of split factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2014 and 2015). The factorial experimental treatment was three levels of soil moisture (90%, 60% and 30%FC) applied to main plot, while application of zeolite (0 and 2 g per kg of soil) and bio-fertilizers (control, nitroxin, phosphate barvar-2 and nitroxin×phosphate barvar-2) were applied to sub plots.
Results: Application of zeolite had the highest effect on plant height, leaf area, dry matter and flowering top branches yield (FTBY) in 90%FC and essential oil percentage and yield in 60%FC. Similarly, combination of nitroxine+phosphate barvar-2 caused maximum value of plant height, leaf area, dry matter and FTBY in 90% FC and essential oil percentage and yield in 60%FC. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil identified 14 compounds including ester and non ester combinations. The main compounds of ester combinations were geranyl acetate and neryl acetate and the main compounds of non ester combinations were neral, geraniol and geranial. The maximum percentage of ester and non ester combinations produced in 30%FC and 60-90%FC, respectively.
Conclusion: Application of zeolite accompanied by combination of nitroxine+phosphate barvar-2 produced the highest value of examined traits in D. moldavica L.
 

Background: Basil (Ocimum basillicum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants belong to Lamiaceae family. Basil essential oil contains important terpenoid compounds, including monoterpanes and sesquiterpanes widely used in drug industries. Objective: In the current investigation, a completely randomized design-based experiment was conducted in greenhouse with three replications and treatments to study the effect of drought stress on the expression of some genes involved in monoterpanes and sesquiterpenes biosynthesis including selinene synthase (SES), beta-myrcene synthase (MYS), gamma-cadinene synthase (CDS), alpha-zingeberene synthase (ZIS) and geraniol synthase (GES), and the compounds produced by these genes in O. basilicum c.v. Keshkeni luvelou. Methods: Drought stress was applied at three levels of 100, 75 and 50% of field capacity (FC) at 6-8 leaf stages. Results: Analysis of gene expression data revealed that treatments 75% and 50% of FC increase the GES expression two and 3.8 times, MYS expression 16 and 17.4 times, and expression of the ZIS 1.31 and 1.41 times, respectively. The expression of SES gene was almost constant and the CDS expression was declined. Conclusion: the results of essential oil analysis showed that drought stress reduced the geraniol content, but increased beta-myrcene and gamma-cadinene contents. The results also showed that changes in MYS expression was consistent with the beta-myrcene content under drought stress conditions.