Showing 26 results for Culture
F Chalabian , A Majd ,
year 3, Issue 10 (5-2004)
Abstract
Hyoscyamus reticudatus from Solanaceae is an important pharmacological plant which contains tropane alkaloids. Presence of tropane alkaloids in this plant is investigated by HPLC apparatus. Different parts of plant including root, stem, leaf, flower and seed in different phases of vegetative growth (two leaves, five leaves, ten leaves), flowering, full flowering and fruiting have been prepared for this experiment. In roots and stems, the highest amount of hyoscyamine and scopolamine are found in vegetative phase with ten rosete leaves and in first stage of flowering phase, respectively. In leaves, the highst quantity of hyoscyamine and scopolamine are in full flowering phase. The flowers have the most amount of scopolamine and hyoscyamine. In fruiting phase, the green and immature seeds in comparison with the mature and brown seeds have more hyoscyamine and scopolamine. In all of these considerated phases, the rate of hyoscyamine production is higher than scopolamine. In vitro culture of Hyoscyamus reticulatus plant was carried out on B5 medium including 2 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l 6-BAP. Explants were supplied from culturing of root, hypocotyl and leaf of sterile seedlings which were growing in B5 medium free hormone. The effect of different environmental factors on tropane alkaloids production were examined by changing the quantity of sucrose, calcium, nitrate and phosphate in B5 medium.
Mr Shams Ardekani , Y Amanzadeh , F Jahanshir , Ah Jamshidi ,
year 4, Issue 13 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: Melissa officinalis is a traditional herbal medicine used widely as a mid sedative, spasmolytic and antibacterial agent. This paper focuses on the analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil from the upper parts of plant and calli of Melissa officinalis. Method: Growing the calli of Melissa officinalis L. and production its secondary metabolites studied and compared with those in the whole plant. Melissa seeds were first surface sterilized by shaking in 0.3% (W/V) aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution containing 1 drop tween 80, then by shaking in 5% Na hypochlorite and 70% aqueous Ethanol solution then, under aseptic condition, strile petrydishes containing autoclaved agar (0.8%) and kept in the dark at a temprature of 25-27°C. Seedlings were developed in one week. Then they were transferred to strile Murashing and skoog (MS) culture media which were containing 2,4- D (1 mg/l), IAA (1 mg/l) and K (0.2 mg/l) as plant grow regulators. The amorph masses (calli) were produced and subcultvred every 20-25 days. Results: The result obtained from GC/MS of essential oil if upper parts of plant indicated that the major compounds of the essential oil are Citronellal, Neral, Geranial and β- Caryophyllene. Conclusion: In contrast, calli lacked essential oil, this was indicated upon GC of its dichlorometanic extract, however phytochemical tests indicated that some tannins were produced by calli.
B Habibi Khaniani , A Moieni , Mr Abdollahi ,
year 4, Issue 14 (5-2005)
Abstract
Metabolism is known as chemical reactions, which occurs in alive plants. Primary metabolites include main biochemical materials i.e. carbohydrate, protein and fat. Biochemicals other than these three main groups are known as secondary metabolites, which exist in a wide range and are used as pharmaceutical products, food flavors, insecticides and natural dyes. Tissue culture is one of the main approaches in industrial production of secondary metabolites because the potential of their natural production is very limited. The main techniques, which have used in this field, include: cell culture, organ culture & hairy root culture. In order to improve production of secondary metabolites through cell culture several steps one involved: screening & selection of highly productive cell lines, manipulation of nutrients, optimizing the culture environment, use of elicitation, permeabilization of cells and in situ product removal. In general, we can say that using this approach has economical value in the production of natural medicinal compounds.
Mr Shams Ardekani , A Hadjiakhoondi , Ah Jamshidi , Kh Abdi ,
year 4, Issue 15 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background: Foeniculum vulgare Miller. is a traditional herbal medicine used widely in world. This paper focuses on the analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil from the whole plant and calli of Foeniculum vulgare Miller.. Method: Growing the calli of Foeniculum vulgare Miller. and production its secondary metabolites studied and compared with those in the whole plant. Seeds were immersed in water for 5 min, surface-sterilized in 70% aqueous ethanol for 2 min and rinsed three laid on autoclaved agar (0.8%) and after 10 days the upper parts of the resultant seedlings were transferred to autoclaved MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium which were containing 2,4- D (1 mg/l), IAA (1 mg/l) and K (0.2 mg/l) as plant grow regulators. The callus were produced and subcultvred every 20-22 days. Results: Callus volatile constituents were consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons (14.13%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (34.83%) the typical components were (E, E) 2,4 – Decadienal (22.64%) and 1,8 cineole (17.35%). In the whole plant 37 major compounds were detected in the oild totally 91.37 to 96.93% of the essences were consisted of these compoundes. E Anethole, Estragole and D-(+)- Fenchone were the most frequent compounds.
Mr Shams Ardekani , A Hadjiakhoondi , Ah Jamshidi , P Mohammad Rafiee ,
year 5, Issue 17 (3-2006)
Abstract
Background: Achillea millefolium L. is a traditional herbal medicine used widely as a spasmolytic, anti- cancer, anti – inflammatory and carminative. This paper focuses on the analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil from the upper parts of plant and calli of Achillea millefolium L. Methods: Growing the calli of Achillea millefolium L. and production its secondary metabolites studied and compared with those in the whole plant. Achillea seeds were first surface sterilized by shaking in 3% (W/V) aqueous hydrogen peroxide, then by shaking in 5% Na hypochlorite and 80% aqueous - ethanol solution, then under aseptic condition, strile petrydishes containing autoclaved agar (0.8%) and kept in the dark at a temprature of 25-27 oC. Seedlings were developed in two weeks. Then they were transferred to strile Murashing and Skoog (MS) culture media which were containing 2,4-D (3mg/l), IAA (5mg/l) and K (0.2mg/l) as plant grow regulators. The amorph masses (calli) were produced and subcultured every 40-45 days. Results: The result obtained from GC/MS of essential oil of plant indicated that the major compounds of the essential oil are alpha – Pinene, beta – Pinene and Caryophyllene oxide. Conclusion: In contrast, calli lacked essential oil, this was indicated upon GC of its dichlorometanic extract. However phytochemical tests indicated that some tannins were produced by calli.
A Sharafi , H Hashemi Sohi , K Kazemi Tabar ,
year 5, Issue 20 (12-2006)
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. a highly aromatic annual herb is a widely dispersed through out the temperate region containing the main active anti malaria compound artemisinin a sesquiterpene lactone. Because of low artemisinin level, unsuccessful chemical synthesis and slightly improvement of molecular breeding methods, biosynthesis of this valuable compound was noticed by using the tissue culture and Genetic Engineering in these years. The rate transformation could be varies with different factors like genotype, age, explant type and agrobacterium strain. The results recently was shown that explants in tissue cultures are very sensitive to kanamycin concentration and even it could be late shoot and root forrnation. Hairy root culture is another subject that is in these years was niticed as a alternative method by designing the new bioreactor for production if this secondrary metabolite.
G Asghari , T Salimian Rizi ,
year 7, Issue 26 (5-2008)
Abstract
Background: Silybum marianum has been recognized as an antihepatotoxic plant. The active constituents of Silybum marianum include a group of flavonolignans known collectively as silymarin. Slymarin production by cultured cells of Silybum marianum has already been reported. Also, it was reported that physiochemical factors can influenced silymarin production in S. marinum cell cultures. Objective: Evaluation the affect of sugar source on flavonolignan production in S. marianum callus cultures. Method: Callus culture of S. marianum were established by transferring seedling on solidified MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 0.2 mg/l kinetin. Optimal callus were subcultured to medium containing different concentration of sugars including fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Then cultures were harvested after 28 days, dried and extracted with methanol. Quantitative analyses of flavonolignans were carried out using spectrophotometric method. Results: Higher levels of flavonolignans accumulation were observed in cultures containing 6% of all three sugars comparing with concentrations of 3% and 1.5%. Conclusion: It seems flavonolignans production in callus culture of S. marianum influenced by concentration of sugars rather than of sugars type.
T Hasanloo , Sh Rezazadeh , H Rahnama,
year 8, Issue 29 (2-2009)
Abstract
The plants have important role in our daily diet life. Their food value has been studied for many years. They are usually used as medicinal plants to improve national health in relation to nutrition or sanitation. Today, these metabolites extract from wild or cultivated medicinal plants. Production of secondary metabolites by traditional methods, depend on their species, require to months or years time. Furthermore, content of production affected by different factors such as climate changes or pathogens. Tissue culture of medicinal plants has been introduced as a source for production of secondary metabolites. Recently, hairy roots culture has also been a stable source of metabolite production. The hairy roots, induced by inoculation of explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenez, often growth as fast as or faster than plant cell cultures and have attractive properties for secondary metabolite production compare to related plants.
M Tolyat , M Abdoli , M Ghorbani Moshgin , F Khalighi-Sigaroodi , M Omidi ,
year 8, Issue 29 (2-2009)
Abstract
Background: Ginkgo biloba, often referred to as a living fossil, is the oldest living tree specie on earth and is well known for its resistance to adverse growing conditions as well as its ornamental beauty. Ginkgo has been used as a nutritional support for mental alertness, enhanced circulatory and blood vessel health. The beneficial effects are due to the presence of ginkgolides and bilobalide that represent together with the flavonoids the active constituents. Objective: Propagation of Ginkgo biloba to determine the best explants, medium, kind of hormone on regeneration through tissue culture of various plant parts Methods: In this study factorial experiments were conducted to determine the best explants, medium, kind of hormone on regeneration, the percentage of callus and the weight of wet callus. The response of leaf, petioles and meristem explants on MS, B5, WPM mediums to six hormones were investigated. Every experiment has 3 replications. Every replication for each treatment had 6 samples containing 7 explants. After sterilizing explants, they exposed to the treatments in mediums of %7 Agar (5.7 pH) for 6 weeks. In these experiments only callus was produced therefore it seems that Ginkgo plant is recalcitrant. Results: These results showed that shoot tip was the best explant and interaction of epical meristem and MS medium had the best effect on the production of callus. 1 mg/l NAA plus 0.5 mg BAP was the best hormonal combination. Petiole explant gave the least response.
M Mahboubi , Mm Feizabadi ,
year 8, Issue 30 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in aviculture threatens the health of fowl and humans. Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana), savory (Satureja hortensis) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) are Iranian herbal medicines that are used in folk medicines. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these oils separately and in combination against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus in vitro condition. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils against different isolates of microorganisms was evaluated by disc diffusion and macro broth dilution assays. Results: The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of thyme, sweet marjoram and savory oils against different bacteria and fungi were more than the eucalyptus oil. When ethanol was used as a solvent in comparison with dimethyl sulfoxide, the antimicrobial activity of oils was increased. The type of solvent creates meaningful discrepancy on effectiveness of oils (p<0.001). In disc diffusion method, the fungi were sensitive than bacteria and A. niger was more sensitive than A. flavus. The sensitivity of bacteria was dependent to the type of bacteria and essential oil and the oils showed inhibitory effect against fungi and the fungicidal effect of oils were weaker than bactericidal effect. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activities of effective oils were related to thymol and carvacrol components in respect. Due to limitations in usage of chemical compounds in poultry and food industries, the essential oils look to be appropriate alternatives for some disinfectants to control the human and animal diseases in the future.
S Rahimi Ashtiani , T Hasanloo , R Bihamta Mohammad,
year 8, Issue 32 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn is a kind of medicinal plants. Silymarin is a derivate substance from the fruits of Milk Thistle plant which is consists of a large number of flavonolignans. Cell cultures derived from this species could be an alternative for production of flavonolignans. Elicitors cause enhancement in metabolite production by effecting on key enzymes in secondary metabolites pathways. In this study various level of Yeast extract in 5 different exposure time have been used as an biotic elicitor in order to evaluation the effect of Yeast extract on silymarin production and cell growth and nomination the best time and best consistence of the elicitor. Objective: In this study various level of Yeast extract in 5 different exposure time have been used as an biotic elicitor in order to evaluation the effect of Yeast extract on silymarin production and cell growth and nomination the best time and best consistence of the elicitor. Methods: In this work after preparation cell suspension culture of S. marianum, the effects of various level of Yeast extract (1, 2. 4, 6 and 8 mg/50 ml culture) in 6 different exposure time (12, 24, 48, 72, 144 and 216 h) on flavonolignans production by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have been studied. Results: Determination and quantification of flavonolignans showed that cell suspension cultures of S. marianum were consists of a large number of flavonolignans including silychristin, silydianin, silybin, isosilybin and taxifolin. The results showed that Yeast extract cause improvement in silymarin content in the media treated with 6 (mg / 50 ml culture) Yeast extract at the end of 72h which was 5- fold to compare the control and the maximum cell Dry weight was 5.82 g in the media treated with 4 mg/ 50 ml culture Yeast extract at the end of 24h. Conclusion: In this experiment it has been observed that cell suspension culture of S. marianum are susceptible to elicitation by Yeast extract and it can be extremely useful in increasing productivities in cell suspension culture of Milk thistle plant.
E Dehghan , Mt Ebadi, H Naghdi Badi , F Shahriari, M Azizi , Gr Asghari ,
year 9, Issue 33 (3-2010)
Abstract
Increasing from day to day tendency of human societies to plant based drug usage increased demand of secondary metabolite application. Although artificial production of these compounds greatly progressed, but the only way to achieve these fine medicinal compounds has been to extract them from plant resources. Alkaloid field, although very old, is still in its infancy with regard to being fully understood, and biotechnologically exploited. Up to now, approximately 5000 different alkaloids, in 15% of plants that belong to 150 families, have been recognized, that tropane alkaloids such as hyosyamine, scopolamine, atropine and cocaine, with a broad medical usage are a class of them. Industrial tropane alkaloid production by modern techniques such as cell and tissue culture, somatic hybridization, metabolic engineering and commercial large scale culture, is highly concerned nowadays and in this review, the authors have tried to point out some of the results obtained by application of these techniques.
E Dehghan , B Hosseini , H Naghdi Badi , F Shahriari Ahmadi,
year 9, Issue 35 (9-2010)
Abstract
More than 12,000 alkaloids are known in plants, mostly used as medicine with a world market value of about 4 billion US$. Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the most important economic source of morphinane alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine that are exploited by the pharmaceutical industry as analgesics, antitussives and anti-spasmodics. With regard to increasing demand for these compounds, the aim of this review is presenting an outlook of classical breeding programs that successfully applied for enhancing the alkaloid content of opium poppy. The latest biotechnological approaches also are discussed to give an outlook for future trends and possibilities.
Y Filizadeh , G Goodarzi ,
year 9, Issue 35 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background: Plant cell cultivations are considered as an alternative to agricultural processes for producing valuable phytochemicals (secondary metabolites). The use of plant cell cultures has overcome several inconveniences for the production of secondary metabolites. Objective: The essential oils isolated from roots of 24-month-old field grown valerian (Valeriana sisymbriifolium) and hairy root cultures were analysed by GC and GC-mass spectrometry. Methods: Transformed root cultures of valerian were established by inoculation of sterile plantlets grown with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain R1601. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the essential oils from the non-transformed roots and those from the hairy roots. Results: There are some major differences in the hairy root culture and field grown valerian essential oils especially in valeranone, valerenal, valerenyl acetate, valerenic acid and valerenol compounds. The essential oils from the plant roots were obtained in a yield of 13.2% bornyl acetate, valerenal 12.7%, -Pinene 7.50 compared with that from transformed root culture identified as kessyi alcohol (10.10%) and kessyl acetate (9.90%), as the main constituents. Conclusion: Inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain R1601 was found to be an effective means of inducing hairy root formation on Valeriana sisymbriifolium.
H Kari Dolatabadi , E Mohammadi Goltapeh , A Moini , A Varma ,
year 11, Issue 42 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris are two important species of family Lamiaceae that abundantly used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and hygienic industries.
Objective: Objectives in this study were the effect of different concentration of auxin and fungi Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera on the growth and development of peppermint and thyme in vitro condition.
Methodes: Two distinct experiments were conducted the first evaluate the effect of different auxin levels (IAA ، NAA ، IBA) on M. piperita and T. vulgaris growth, and the second examined the effect of two fungi Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera on plant height, root length, shoots and root weight in in vitro in a completely randomized design.
Results: The first study suggested the most effective hormone dose for the M . piperita growth was 1mg per liter of IBA and in the T. vulgaris it was 1 mg per liter of IAA. Increasing of the hormone doses resulted in growth decrease. The second study evolved that growth of the plants inoculated with fungi increased significantly. The data indicated that the plants inoculated with S. vermifera were the highest of all and the plants inoculated with P. indica had the most weight. The nodes of M. piperita and numbers of shoots in T. vulgaris increased significantly.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the best hormone for tissue culture peppermint and thyme are 1mg per liter of IBA and IAA, respectively. Also using these fungi can increase grow and development of plants.
M Eghtedardoost , R Yaraee, R Sedaghat , M Naseri ,
year 11, Issue 42 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: Various blood cells with different functions are produced in bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis. Objective: The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect(s) of MS14, as an immunomodulator with natural origin (plant –marine) on the hematopoiesis. Methods: Eight 6-8 weeks old female BALB/c mice were divided to control group (receiving normal saline) and MS14 group (receiving MS14 at 100 mg/kg). Administration of MS14 and normal saline prolongs for five days, and then the mice were anaesthetized and killed. Smear of peripheral blood cells was provided and bone marrow cells were counted and cultured for 48 h. Erythropoietin (20 ng/ml) was added to half of samples. Results: 5 days administration of 100 mg/kg MS14 has augmented the percent of red blood cell of bone marrow (about 2 times). An increase (about 60%) in the percent of peripheral blood neutrophils has been observed as well. Erytroid colonies in bone marrow culture have been increased about 2 times in MS14 group e.i. the mean colony number in each well increased from 7 in control group to 14 in MS14 group and at the presence of erythropoietin from 13 colonies in control to 23 in MS14 group. Conclusion: According to increasing effect of MS14 on the number of erytroid colonies and percent of red blood cells, it can be concluded that hematopoietic processes not only does not adversely affected or inhibited by MS14 but could be significantly augmented when MS14 adminstered.
A Oladzad , A Qaderi , H Naghdi Badi , Ar Zare ,
year 11, Issue 42 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: The genus Lippia contains more than 200 species that Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) has a high medicinal value. Therefore expansion of its acreage using development of rapid and new propagation methods has a high importance. Objective: The aim of this study was to present a rapid, new and effective method, using nodal segments, for large scale propagation of this plant. Methods: In order to the shoot micropropagation, lateral buds on nodal segments were placed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxin and cytokinin hormones. Root induction was studied in the media containing IBA, NAA and activated charcoal. For acclimatization, plants were transferred to plastic bags containing a mixture of vermiculite, perlite and soil. Results: The highest number of shoots was obtained on the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/L IBA and well-developed shoots were rooted on the MS medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 2 gr/L activated charcoal. Conclusion: According to the high rate of proliferation in the media supplemented with BAP and IBA (3 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively), this technique can be used instead of conventional propagation methods, as a quick and economical technique to propagation of a wide range of the same plants.
L Shooshtari , A Etminan , A Mehrafarin , A Qaderi ,
year 13, Issue 52 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: The genetic diversity among plants derived from tissue culture is called somaclonal variation, which provides a valuable source of genetic variation for the improvement of medicinal plants. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of molecular markers in detection of somaclonal variation and to assess the importance of DNA methylation in occurrence of genomic changes. Methods: The genomic DNA of a normal plant and eight abnormal regenerated plants from calluses cultured in different conditions were extracted using modified Delaporta method. The AFLP procedure was performed with application of two different double digestion methods using restriction enzymes. The digested fragments were ligated to appropriate adaptors and amplification was carried out using appropriate primers. Also percentage and component of essential oil were indicated by GC/MS analysis. Results: Analysis of banding patterns showed high differences in amount of polymorphism detected between two different double digestion methods. According to the results of cluster analysis based on the Jaccard's similarity coefficient, all tested plants divided into two main group. While the first group contained only normal sample, other abnormal samples were placed in the second group. Phytochemical analysis showed that the important secondary metabolites such as Limonene, Fenchone, Estragole ,Anethole didn’t produce in invitro culture condition. In contrast some metabolites like Cineol, Terpineol, 2,4 Decadienal produce just in invitro culture. Conclusion: The results indicated that the used method has the potential to be used for assessment of somaclonal variations in regenerated plants. Additionally, considering characters of served enzymes in this study, phenotypic variations in abnormal plants that are resulted from somaclonal variation can be related to genome methylation.
Ma Ebrahimi, N Zarinpanjeh,
year 14, Issue 55 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Sustainable and commercial production of secondary metabolites is a critical issue when dealing with its clinical application. Efforts are still being made to look for biotic or abiotic elicitors with more efficient and universal effects on the improvement of secondary metabolites.
Objective: In order to evaluate the suitability of different biotic elicitors on P. harmala L. cell suspension cultures was established to enhance the &beta-carboline alkaloids (harmaline and harmine) production.
Methods: The elicitation of cell suspension cultures of Peganum harmala L. was done by adding various fungal mycelium homogenates (Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternate, Coriolus versicolor, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp, Penicillium notatum, and Rhizopus stonifer), Casein hydrolysate and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different concentrations. The cell cultures of P. harmala L. were subcultured on MS medium with optimal treatment of biotic elicitor. CAMAG analytical HPTLC system was used for estimation of harmaline and harmine after extraction of &beta-carboline alkaloids.
Results: The maximum harmine production (91.2±1.8 µg g-1 DW) was observed at 1000 mg l-1 S. cerevisiae in cell suspension culture of P. harmala L. (1.68 fold over than the control). Also the results showed that supplement of 75-100 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate in cell cultures media increased biomass of cell culture and harmaline and harmine production (1.61 and 1.46 times over than the control, respectively).
Conclusion: The conclusion of the research showed that by applying biotic elicitors, we can reach to higher secondary metabolites (harmaline and harmine) in cell suspension culture of P. harmala L. We suggest future investigation on using other elicitors like bacterial extract or signal transduction compounds in cell suspension culture of P. harmala L. in order to increase the production of different kind of secondary metabolites.
A Qaderi, Z Akbari, S Kalateh-Jari, F Fatehi, M Tolyat, M Jalali Moghadam, H Naghdi Badi,
year 15, Issue 59 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. commonly known as fenugreek is a rich source of important medicinal metabolite, i.e. trigonelline.
Objective: In this study, hairy roots culture as a novel method for trigonelline production was evaluated.
Methods: For optimizing the hairy roots culture of Trigonella foenum-graecum, three strains of Agrobacterium rhyzogenes (ATCC15834, MSU440 and K599) via two inoculations methods including scotch and vacuum pump were used to agro-infiltration. Two elicitors including methyl jasmonate (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) and chitosan (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mglˉ') were added to liquid medium as abiotic and biotic elicitors in various concentrations, respectively.
Results: The trigonelline content was increased via elicitation by methyl jasmonate and chitosan against control condition. The maximum trigonelline (36.7 and 37.3 mM/g D.W) were observed in 100 µM of methyl jasmonate and 150 mg/l of chitosan, respectively.
Conclusion: All parts of the seedling (crown, stem and leaf) were able to produce the hairy roots. Also, the highest dry weight of hairy root was obtained by A. rhizogenes strain 15834. The transformation of fenugreek using Agrobacterium rhizogenes to form hairy root cultures has the potential benefits of fast growth and rates of secondary metabolite production equal to or greater than that found for the intact plant.
