Thyme oil rich in phenols have antiseptic and fungicidal activity and also used in the food flavor industry. Seasonal variation and plant density are two important factors with significant effect on quality and quantity of volatile oil crops.‏‏This experiment conducted in research farm of Institute of Medicinal Plants along 1999- 2000 on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replication, in order to evaluated above mentioned effects. Thyme is cultivated in rows of 50 cm apart with interrow spacing of 15/30 or 45 cm. Plant are harvested in 5 different times. The maximum yields of dry & wet herbage, volatile oil and thymol were obtained in 15 cm space and at the last harvest (Oct 2000). Seasonal variation had significant effect (P<0.01) on oil content and maximum content of oil (2.317%) was obtained at forth harvest (June 2000). Planting space hadn’t effect on oil and thymol content. Finally we find that planting space and seasonal variation have significant effect on quality and quantity yield of thyme.

Background: Pyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.) Vis. is a member of the Asteraceae family. It is perennial plant commercially grown for extraction of natural pyrethrins used to make insecticides. It has low toxicity for humans and other warm blooded animals but its effectiveness against a wide range of insects. Objective: The aim of this study has been extraction and determination of pyrethrins from pyrethrum cultivated in the experimental fields of ACECR at Karaj, Iran. Method: The plant materials were dried, powdered and extracted with different organic solvents. Then extract analyzed by Diode-Array UV-VIS spectrophotometer and reversed-phase HPLC system. Results: (1) Both of methods can be used for determining the total of pyrethrins and that both can be successfully used in laboratories that are not so well equipped. (2) We found that pyrethrins content was 1.6% of dried weight by both methods. It is good result because concentrations ranging from 1 to 2% of pyrethrins have been adopted by the foremost manufacturers of pyrethrum insecticides. Conclusion: These results indicated that cultivation of pyrethrum in Iran should be have high economical.

Background: Ocimum basilicum L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil is anti-bacterial and anti-fungi it is used an appetizer and counterfeit. Methanol spraying as a source of providing carbon for C₃ plant, can increase the plant yield, and its rate of ripping it can decrease the effect of water stress.
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and nano-iron chelated fertilizer on phytochemical and morph physiological characteristics of basil.
Methods: In this research, the factorial experiment in a randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications was carried out. The treatments of this experiment were consisted of five levels of Methanol (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 %) and four levels of Nano-iron chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/L) fertilizer.
Results: The study showed that spraying methanol with 20% volume along with 1 g/L of nano-iron chelated increased dry matter and oil yield and also increased methyl-cahvicol and Caryophyllene in Basil. Results showed that activity of Glutathione peroxidase enzyme was increased with increasing the percentage of bio simulative methanol, while activity of polyphenol oxidase was decreased.
Conclusion: Nano-iron chelated increased the activity of these enzymes. It can be concluded that higher densities of bio-simulative methanol and Nano-iron chelated increased essential oil, methyl-cahvicol and some other affective enzymes which decrease induced environmental stresses. Although, higher densities of them would decrease biosynthesis of neral and neryl formate.

Background: Hypericum perforatum L. belongs to the Hypericaceae family has been considered due to its medicinal properties. The use of nanofertilizers can improve the yield and medicinal value of plants. Selenium has a protective role and a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants. Objective: Due to the importance of secondary metabolites of this plant and its economic value as well as the use of environmentally friendly fertilizers, this study was performed in the greenhouse of Shariati University of Tehran in 2019 in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Methods: Nano selenium and selenate selenium were applied at concentrations of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mg/L in the rosette stage. Essential oil components were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The results showed that the highest amount of α-pinene with 22 % was obtained in the control treatment and also in the treatments of 6 and 8 mg/L sodium selenate with 21.6 % and 19.5 %. The maximum content of n-octane was in the foliar application of 12 mg/L nano selenium with 16 %. Maximum nonane was obtained with 18 % and 16 % of 12 and 10 mg/L sodium selenate, respectively. Conclusion: Sodium selenate treatments are recommended if the purpose is producing normal hydrocarbon compounds.