Background: Biotic and abiotic elicitors produce secondary metabolites and alter physiological traits of the plants by affecting some of the mechanisms within the plant cells.
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid on physiological traits and paratolenolidae content in Feverfew.
Methods: This research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized completely design (CRD) under greenhouse conditions. The first factor was Feverfew cultivar with two levels (T.parthenium Linn. cv. Jelitto and T. parthenium Linn. cv. Pharmasaat), the second factor was foliar spray of spherical nano-carbon with 5 levels (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) and the third factor was considered as foliar spray of salicylic acid with two levels (0 and 0.2 mM).
Results: The results showed that the cultivars, different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon, salicylic acid and their interactions had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. Two cultivars in the content of chlorophyll a and b and parthenolide showed significant differences at P<0.01. Also, the effect of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid concentrations on parethenolide content of extract was significant (P <0.01). However, the highest content of parthenolide (24.22 μg/0.1 g dry matter) was observed in pharmasaat and at the concentration of 500 mg/L spherical nano-carbon without salicylic acid application.
Conclusion: Application of spherical nano-carbon at concentration of 500 mg/L along with 0.2 mM salicylic acid improved physiological traits and metabolic content of both cultivars.

Background: Black henbane with the scientific name of Hyoscyamus niger which has a wide geographic distribution, is considered as one the most important species for tropane alkaloids extraction.
Objective: In this research, morphological and tropane alkaloids variations were assessed within different population of H. niger in their natural habitats.
Methods: Totally, 56 individuals were collected from 7 populations of 7 different provinces in Iran, and subsequently morphological and metabolic variations were performed. Alkaloid extraction was carried out using various solvent based on specific procedure. The isolated alkaloids were further characterized using gas chromatography apparatus to detect the type of alkaloids.
Results: Results showed that the studied populations were significantly varied according to the all measured traits. The highest leaf dry weight, stem, shoot, whole plant and the number of leaf per plant was related to Guilan population. However, the highest (61.29 cm) and the lowest (16.96 cm) plant height, and maximum (16.13) and minimum (5.75) number of lateral branches were observed in Zanjan and Qom populations, respectively. The hyoscyamine content was varied ranging from 0.1888 g/plant (in Zanjan population) to 0.916 g/plant (in Qom population) with average of 0.5 g/plant. The maximum and minimum ratio of scopolamine to hyoscyamine was obtained in Zanjan (1.80) and Qom (0.049) populations, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant and negative correlation (-0.50^**) between hyoscyamine content and plant height.
Conclusion: In this research, results of cluster and biplot analyses confirmed a wide variability in morphological and metabolites traits between and within H. niger populations of different studied regions.