The genus Paederus has a world-wide distribution and comprises several hundred species and is most common during May through September in Iran. There appears to be no specific treatment for the Paederus dermatitis, thus we decided to evaluate herbal gel from chamomile and myrrh on Paederus dermatitis. Chamomile and myrrh have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity in Iranian herbal medicine, thus we selected these plants for treatment of Paederus dermatitis. Ethanolic chamomile extract and the tincture of myrrh were prepared, then different gels containing chamomile (3.5%)-myrrh (1%) and myrrh (1% and 2%) were formulated and the best formulations were selected for preliminary clinical trial study in comparison with gel base. After proving the presence of active ingredients by TLC, HPLC and GC/Mass, the physical stability was evaluated in three tempretures (4, 25 and 40°C). Apigenin was 3.61 ± 0.62 mg/g of chamomile extract and 99.31% and 95.91% of papigenin was detected in gels containing chamomile (3.5%) and chamomile (3.5%)-myrrh (1%), respectively. The results of microbial control had corresponded to pharmacopoeia criteria. The results showed that the preparation containing 1% myrrh had the fewer side effects and the most effects on treatment of Paederus dermatitis.

Background: Convenient and effective contraceptive methods have been the subject of extensive and versatile research project, during the past 50 years. In this respect, the use of active herbal constituents is one of the topics of research and investigation. Objective: In this study the antifertility activity of seed oil extract of Iranian species of Melia azadarach L. in northern district of country, on male rats, during 2 consecutive steps have been evaluated. Method: The seed oil extract have been prepared according to conventional methods, and were administered orally in 50 and 100 mg/kg daily doses for 60 days. In the first step, the inhibition of fertility indices were assessed with the help of, sperm viability, sperm motility, ESR (Epididymal sperm reserves), DSP (Daily sperm production), GSI (Gonado stomatic index), fertility indices, and serum testosterone content. In the subsequent stage, 3 months after the 60th day of compounds administration, the reversibility of the a formentioned indices are determined again. Result: In the first step, a significant reduction in fertility indices to control especially in higher dose were observed. During the next stage, the significant increase in fertility indices are the indication of reasonable recovery and reversibility of extract activity. Conclusion: In summery, the result of this study of this study showed that its activity is reversible.

Background: The use of medical plants is necessary as the antifungal agent substitute the malachite green for control of fungal pollution in salmonid hatcharies. Objective: The capability of Eucaliptus camaldolensis escence in control of fungal pollution about 50 kg trout eggs 4 years old Oncorhynchus mykiss brooders were evaluated in clinical and farm conditions, with using of 1,5,10,25,50 and 100 ppm dosages of this escence daily with 3 repetition until the eyed egg stage (about 18-20 days). Besides, under the equal condition, the positive control group was treated with 1 ppm malachite green and the negative control group was assessed without any drugs. Results: After culturing of fungal eggs, a pollution of Saprolegnia parasitica and Fusarium solani was obsereved. MIC result of Eucaliptus escence against Saprolegnia was 2.3 and aginst Fusarium was 8.2 ppm. Measuring the physical and chemical factors of water, no negative effect is recognized. Conclusion: The eucalyptus escence specially in the doses of 25, 50 and 100 ppm is significantly different from negative control group (p< 0.05) and created suitable inhibition aginst water fungi.

Background: In food industry, quality assurance and prolongation of shelf-life is achieved through control of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in foods. Regards to much proved adverse effects of synthetic food additives and general concern on the subject, the replacement of these additives with natural based ones such as plant essential oils and natural antibiotics has been raised and researches first at in vitro models and then in food systems is necessary. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and nisin alone and in combination against Listeria monocytogen in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The specifications of combination of essential oil and nisin were determined. Methods: In this study 600 µg/ml of Z. multiflora essential oil and 2.5 µg/ml nisin in pH value of 5 at 15 ºC were used. Results: In this study Zataria multiflora essential oil had antimicrobial effects agains Listeria monocytogen (MBC: 19, MIC: 9.5µg/ml). Combination of nisin and the essential oil had also antimicrobial effects against Listeria monocytogen (MIC: 1.2, MBC: 2.4µg/ml). Conclusion: Zataria multiflora essential oil and nisin were effective against Listeria monocytogen alone. This effect was obviously increased in combination with each other and the results were noticeable.

Background: The application of antioxidant films is a promising strategy for controlling chemical spoilage of food. Objectives: Antioxidant chitosan films incorporated with grape seed extract (GSE) were developed with the objectives of investigation of their characteristics. Methods: Chitosan film was developed by casting method and the effect of different concentrations of GSE (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) on mechanical, color (accordance with hunter system [L* (luminosity), α* (redness), and b* (yellowness)], antioxidant characteristics, total phenol (TP), and swelling index (%SI) of films were evaluated. Results: Generally, the tensile strength of GSE formulated films was influenced by the concentrations of GSE. The 2% GSE/ chitosan films revealed tensile strength similar to unsupplemented film. Concerning color of chitosan film, results indicated that by incorporating GSE, significant changes on L*, α*, b* values were appeared (p0.05). The antioxidant activity of GSE formulated films was considerable due to the high source of phenolics. This activity was affected by GSE concentrations, which were significant for film containing 0.5% (37.85%) 1% (39.16%) and 2% (41.57%) GSE in comparison with control (12.34%) (p 0.05). The results also revealed that by increasing the amount of GSE, the TP and %SI were significantly increased. Conclusion: The results indicated that all characteristics of films were influenced by the extent of GSE. Improvement in antioxidant and total phenol of GSE assimilated films is appreciated. Such films are suitable for handle in preserving food.

Background: Various studies have been conducted to show the effects of essences and enzymes on foodborne pathogens in culture media. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and lysozyme alone and in combination on preventing growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in culture media. Methods: In this study, the MIC of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and lysozyme, together and alone, on Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was determined by using macro and microdilution methods. Results: The MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil determined 0.01% and 0.02% by using macro and microdilution methods, respectively and lysozyme at 1000 mg/mL concentration could not inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Conclusion: According to the results of current study, Zataria multiflora essential oil showed better results in comparison with lysozyme, moreover Applying lysozyme and essential oil together did not decrease MIC, but extended the latent phase of V. parahaemolyticus, which considered an important factor in microbiology.

Background: There are often discrepancies in the results of various studies in the field of exercise and herbal supplements. Objective: The aim of this study was to combine the contradictory results of several studies on the effectiveness of ginger supplement on lipid peroxidation in exercise. Methods: This meta-analysis consists of a total of 3 eligible studies selected from among the 6 studies in this field. All of the case-control studies were human and assessed the effectiveness of supplementation with zinger before exercise on malondialdehyde values. Results: Regarding the non significant significance of P in the I2 index, a fixed effect model was used. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using CMA software version 2 and the effect size was calculated by standardized mean difference (SMD). In total, 7 effect sizes were observed in these studies, which had 7 negative effects. Based on the results, in the study of the effect of ginger, the mean size of SMD effects on malondialdehyde (-67.66) was statistically significant (P≤0.01), but there was a significant difference between the mean size of the effects of type of intervention on malondialdehyde was not observed. Conclusion: Based on the compilation of the results of the studies, it can be concluded that the responses to exercise with Zinger supplement indicate that there is probably an anxiolytic defense mechanism against the oxidative stress caused by the appropriate response exercise and the use of this supplement Has led to a more efficient anti-oxidation device.