Subject of this study was the evaluation of effect of the total methanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra L. on isolated male rat heart and specialy effect of this extract on electrophysiological properties of AV node. Male rat heart after isolation was infused with Tyrode solution (Longendorfe method) and with electrophysical methods, all heart electrical parameters for example record from atrium and ventricle, measurment of myocardial contraction force and conduction rate in AV node were done. Various protocols for measurment of AV node recovery kinetic, AV conduction time ERP and wenckebach cycle length in presence and absence of extract were done for studing effects of the extract and finding the mechanism of them. The result of this study show that the methanolic of Phytolacca decandra L. in a dose dependent model via effect on basic and functional parameters has depressed these parameters and this plant can be useful in supraventricular arrhytmias.

Background: Encounter with drug resistance and replacment natural treatment is essential. From olden of Iran and specially Chaharmahal and bakhtiari Province medicinal smokes such as donkey dung & Peganum harmala seed used for treatment of many diseases like Infectious diseases. Regarded to lake of scientific research about antimicrobial effects of this smoke this study was done with aim of comparison of antimicrobial property of donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes on different bactrial strains.

Methods: In this interventional study, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida albicans standard strain in suitable medium were cultured. Antibiobiogram blank disks were fumigated separately with Peganum harmala seed smoke, male and female donkey dung and straw smoke then placed on microbial plate with sterile method. After 48 hours incubation in 37 °C, evaluated by measuring the zone of growth inhibition surrounding the disks. Data were analyzed with SPSS 15 and mean statistic exam.
Results: Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Peganum harmala seed, male donkey dung and female donkey dung smokes, Esherichia coli to male donkey dung smoke, Pseudomonas aeroginosa to male and female donkey dung smokes and Candida albicans to female donkey dung smoke. In control group Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus Faecalis were resistant against cloxacilllin and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive only to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. Results of this study showed that by increasing the time of fumigation in sensitive cases, the antimicrobial effect increases.
Conclusion: According to antimicrobial effects of male and female donkey dung smokes on resistance pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, necessity of perform expanded research about composition and property of this smokes revealed.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a major individual and public health problem in women. Recently, according to the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea, different medical treatments including herbal medicines have been used.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on dysmenorrhea severity in students in Qazvin University of Medical Science, Iran.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 100 female students aged 18 to 25 years with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea were included. The participants were allocated to two groups of control and intervention by randomization. The intervention group were received 500 mg of ginger tablet and 250 mg of Mefenamic Acid capsule twice a day and the control group took placebo and Mefenamic Acid 250 mg capsule two times a day from two days before and within the first three days of the onset of the Menstrual period. Pain intensity were measured with VAS tool before and two months after the prescription of drugs.
Results: The results of our study showed the pain intensity after the intervention in the first month, was significantly less than the control group (3.72 vs 5.44) (P<0.001) and in the second month, the pain in intervention group was significantly less than the control group (3.2 vs5.2) (P<0.001), and no complications were observed in the intervention group.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that herbal medicine like ginger has a great effect on reduction of dysmenorrhea severity and furthermore studies are suggested to perform in order to find a suitable dose of ginger for complete treatment of dysmenorrhea and other menstrual symptoms.

Background: Fenugreek is a valuable medicinal plant and it is essential to investigate induction of mutations in order to increase its active ingredient.
Objectives: In this study, the phytochemical and growth traits in hairy and normal roots of Fenugreek in response to gamma irradiation were evaluated.
Method: In this study, gamma irradiation was applied to Iranian Fenugreek seeds in five doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy), and then the irradiation effects in root hair culture conditions in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications were evaluated. In order to induce hairy roots in fenugreek, ATCC15834 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenesis was used.
Results: The results showed that the different irradiation doses had a significant effect on all traits in normal and hairy roots. The comparison of mean of data showed that the highest values of traits were related to 100 Gy and the lowest values of traits related to irradiation of seeds with 400 Gy doses. The trigonelline content was significantly higher in hairy roots than normal roots, so that the amount of trigonelline of hairy roots at different treatments including 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy were 2.46, 2.67, 2.66, 2.44 and 2.64 times more than normal roots, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the cell proliferation, growth and amount of trigonelline were increased due to the stimulating effect of low doses of gamma irradiations.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, especially wound infection after surgery. One of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae strains, especially ciprofloxacin, is the presence of efflux pump. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-efflux activity of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn. extract on the expression of oqxA efflux pump in K. pneumoniae strains which were resistant to antibiotics. Methods: In this experimental study, clinical specimens were collected from hospitals in Tehran and the K. pneumoniae strains were isolated. Subsequently, ciprofloxacin-resistant strains containing the oqxA efflux gene were detected using PCR. Finally, the gene expression of oqxA efflux pump in the strains treated with G. platycarpum extract was investigated using Real Time PCR. Results: In this study, 50 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical specimens and the results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that 70% (35 strains) of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and oqxA gene was observed in 43% (15 strains) of ciprofloxacin resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Moreover, Real Time PCR results showed that the expression of oqxA gene in the strains which are treated with extract, down-regulated significantly. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the G. platycarpum extract can inhibits the expression of the oqxA efflux pump in K. pneumoniae strains, and with further studies, the G. platycarpum extract can be used as a candidate for the drug design.