1. Li Y-L, Yang Y, FU ChH and Yu LJ. Production of Glycyrrhizin in cell suspension of Glycyrrhiza inflate batalin cultured in Bioreactor. Biotech. Biotechn. Equip. 2012; 26(5): 3231-3235. [
DOI:10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0083]
2. Seki H, Ohyama K, Sawai S, Mizutani M, Ohnishi T, Sudo H, Akashi T, Aoki T, Saito K and Muranaka T. Licorice β-amyrin 11-oxidase, a cytochrome P450 with a key role in the biosynthesis of the triterpene sweetener glycyrrhizin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008; 105(37): 14204-14209. [
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0803876105]
3. Matsui S, Matsumoto H, Sonoda Y, Ando K, Aizu-Yokota E, Sato T and Kasahara T. Glycyrrhizin and related compounds down-regulate production of inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin 1 in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Int. Immunopharmacol 2004; 4(13): 1633-1644. [
DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.023]
4. Takahara T, Watanabe A and Shiraki K. Effects of glycyrrhizin on hepatitis B surface antigen: a biochemical and morphological study. J. Hepatol. 1994; 21(4): 601-609. [
DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(94)80108-8]
5. He J-X, Akao T, Nishino T and Tani T. The influence of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2001; 24(12): 1395-1399. [
DOI:10.1248/bpb.24.1395]
6. Park H-Y, Park S-H, Yoon H-K, Han M-J and Kim D-H. Anti-allergic activity of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2004; 27: 57-60. [
DOI:10.1007/BF02980047]
7. Ito M, Sato A, Hirabayashi K, Tanabe F, Shigeta Sh, Baba M, Clercq ED, Nakashima H and Yamamoto N. Mechanism of inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiviral Res. 1988; 10(11): 289-298. [
DOI:10.1016/0166-3542(88)90047-2]
8. Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P, Rabenau H, Doerr HW. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 2003; 361(9374): 2045-2046. [
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13615-X]
9. Chrzanowski J, Chrzanowska A and Grabo'n W. Glycyrrhizin: an old weapon against a novel coronavirus. Phytother. Res. 2021; 35(2): 629-636. [
DOI:10.1002/ptr.6852]
10. Van de Sand L, Bormann M, Alt M, Schipper L, Heilingloh CS, Steinmann E, Todt D, Dittmer U, Elsner C, Witzke O and Krawczyk A. Glycyrrhizin effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting the viral main protease. Viruses 2021; 13(4): 1-10. [
DOI:10.3390/v13040609]
11. Bao F, Bai H-Y, Wu Z-R and Yang Z-G. Phenolic compounds from cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis and their PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory activities. Natu. Pro. Res. 2021: 35(4): 562-569. [
DOI:10.1080/14786419.2019.1586698]
12. Seki H, Sawai S, Ohyama K, Mizutani M, Ohnishi T, Sudo H, Fukushima EO, Akashi T, Aoki T, Saito K and Muranaka T. Triterpene functional genomics in licorice for identification of CYP72A154 involved in the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin. Plant Cell. 2011; 23(11): 4112-4123. [
DOI:10.1105/tpc.110.082685]
13. Hayashi H, Huang P, Kirakosyan A, Inoue K, Hiraoka N, Ikeshiro Y, Kushiro T, Shibuya M and Ebizuka Y. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding. β-amyrin synthase involved in glycyrrhizin and soyasaponin Biosynthesis in Licorice. Bio Pharm Bull 2001; 24(8):912-916. [
DOI:10.1248/bpb.24.912]
14. Chen H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhan X and Liu C. Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding β-amyrin synthase in the glycyrrhizic acid biosynthetic pathway in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2013; 3(6):416-424. [
DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2013.09.002]
15. Ali MM, Krishnamurthy P, El-Hadary M.H, Kim J.M, Nawas M.A, Yang S.H and Chung G. Identification and expression profiling of a new β-amyrin synthase gene (GmbAS3) from soybean. Russ. J. Plant Physio. 2016; 63: 383-390. [
DOI:10.1134/S1021443716020035]
16. Shirazi Z, Aalami1 A, Tohidfar M and Sohani MM. Isolation, cloning and bioinformatics analysis of β-amyrin 11-oxidase coding sequence from licorice. Plant Omics J. 2016; 9(2): 165-171. [
DOI:10.21475/poj.160902.p7778x]
17. Niu Y, Luo H, Sun C, Yang TJ, Dong L, Huang L and Chen S. Expression profiling of the triterpene saponin biosynthesis genes FPS, SS, SE, and DS in the medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. Gene 2014; 533(1): 295-303. [
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.045]
18. Goyal P, Muzafar Manzoor M, Gupta AP, Pandotra P and Gupta S. Molecular dissection of genes and promoters involved in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis revealed phytohormone induced modulation in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Gene 2022; 836: 146682. [
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146682]
19. Agbagw I.O, Datta S, Patil PG, Singh P and Nadarajan N. A protocol for high-quality genomic DNA extraction from legumes. Genet Mole Res. 2012; 11(4): 4632-4639. [
DOI:10.4238/2012.September.14.1]
20. Ausubel FM, et al. Eds, Current protocols in molecular biology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, 1997.
21. Chang AY, Chau VWY, Landas JA and Pang Y. Preparation of calcium competent escherichia coli and heat-shock transformation. JEMI methods 2017; 1: 22-25.
22. Li X, Jin H, Wu Z, Rayner S and Wang B. A continuous process to extract plasmid DNA based on alkaline lysis. Nature Protocols. 2008; 3: 176-180. [
DOI:10.1038/nprot.2007.526]
23. Kumar S, Strecher G, Li M, Knyaz C and Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms, Mol. Biol. Evol. 2018; 35(6): 1547-1549. [
DOI:10.1093/molbev/msy096]
24. Thompson JD, Higgins DG and Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22: 4673-4680. [
DOI:10.1093/nar/22.22.4673]
25. Zarei A, Zamani Z, Mousavi A, Fatahi R, Karimi Alavijeh M, Dehsara B and Salami SA. An effective protocol isolation of high-quality RNA from Pomegranate seeds. The Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 2012; 6(Special Issue 1): 32-37.
26. Chang S, Puryear S and Cairney J. A simple and efficient method for isolating RNA from pine trees. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 1993; 11(2): 113-116. [
DOI:10.1007/BF02670468]
27. Pfaffl MW. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001; 29: 45-49. [
DOI:10.1093/nar/29.9.e45]
28. Kyte J and Doolittle RF. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J. Mol. Biol. 1982; 157(1): 105-132. [
DOI:10.1016/0022-2836(82)90515-0]
29. Huhman DV and Sumner LW. Metabolic profiling of saponins in Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula using HPLC coupled to an electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometer. Phytochemistry 2002; 59(3): 347-360. [
DOI:10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00432-0]
30. Hayashi H and Sudo H. Economic importance of licorice. Plant Biotech. 2009; 26(1): 101-104. [
DOI:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.101]
31. Shirazi Z, Aalami A, Tohidfar M and Sohani MM. Metabolic engineering of glycyrrhizin pathway by over expression of β amyrin 11 oxidase in transgenic roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Mol. Biote. 2018: 60: 412-419. [
DOI:10.1007/s12033-018-0082-7]