Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Herbal Medicine and Women’s Mental Health
1
6
EN
L
Kashani
Infertility Ward, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
S
Akhondzadeh
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Herbal medicine is being increasingly used by women to prevent diseases, promote health and treat different diseases including a number of psychiatric disorders. The use of herbal drugs is increasing in the western world. The use of herbal drugs during pregnancy has been studied to various extents in different countries. However, more information is required regarding the impact of herbal medicine on conventional treatment, because such information can have important for public health and mental health care. This review focuses on herbal medicine and mental health of women in particular premenstrual syndrome and maternal depression.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
The Effect of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Seed Extract (Silymarin) on Galactose Induced Cataract Formation in Rats
7
12
EN
H
Fallah Huseini
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Plants ACECR, Tehran
A
Zaree Mahmodabady
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
R
Heshmat
Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran
M
Raza
Applied Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Background: Increased oxygen free radical and reduced glutathione level in the eye lens are important risk factor for cataract formation. The antioxidative property and increasing cellular and extra cellular glutathione level have been reported by several herbal medicines including silymarin.
Objective: In present interventional study Silybum marianum L. seed extract (silymarin) was tested against galactose-induced cataract development in rats.
Methods: Thirty male 45 days old wistar rats (150 – 200 g), were divided in three groups of 10 rats each. Cataract was induced in two groups of rats following feeding them with 30% galactose diet for 40 days. One group kept as control and silymarin in the dose of 200 mg/kg/d was administered orally (mixed with galactose diet) to other group for 40 days. Cataract development in the rats lens was observed daily by ophthalmoscope and naked eye during the study. The glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides (LPO) levels were determined after 20 days in all rats left eye lens.
Results: The results indicated that, in silymarin treated group all stage of cataract development were significantly delayed as compared to control group. In rats treated with silymarin the lens GSH level was increased significantly (p<0.01) and LPO levels was decreased significantly as compared to control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Administration of silymarin to galactose fed rats showed beneficial effect on prevention of cataract development as well as antioxidative defence system such as increase in lens GSH and decrease LPO levels.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Borage Seedlings in Saline Environments
13
23
EN
H
Naghdi Badi
Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Sorooshzadeh
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
M
Sharifi
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Ghalavand
Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
S
Saadat
Department of Soil Reclamation and Sustainable Land Management, Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
Background: Although borage ( Borago officinalis L.) is a valuable medicinal plant, no information is available on the responses of this plant to salinity. For this reason, it is necessary to determine responses of this plant to salinity .
Objective: Since germination and early growth stage is one of the most critical phases of plant life under salinity condition this experiment was conducted to determine some responses of borage to salinity at the seedling stage.
Methods: This experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications and four salinity treatments, including distilled water (EC=0.0dS m-1) and three saline water conditions with EC of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 dSm-1.
Results: With increasing EC , the content of free proline, soluble carbohydrates and proteins were increased. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes were significantly increased. Although seedlings dry weight and emergence percentage were declined with increasing EC, the seedlings had markedly growth/survival under salinity conditions.
Conclusion: The survival and little reduction in emergence under salinity conditions (12.5%) indicated that borage was a salt tolerant species at the early growth stage. This tolerant is certainly due to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities and compatible solutes content.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Antifungal Activity of Dried Extracts of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) Against Dermatophyte and Saprophyte Fungi
24
29
EN
D
Yazdani
Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
Gh
Amin
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran
MA
Zainal Abidin
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
S
Shahnazi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
H
Jamalifar
Department of Food & Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran
Background: Medicinal plants synthesize a vast array of secondary metabolites that are important for human life. For medicinal purpose, antimicrobial activity of substances derived from plant extracts has been recognized for many years. Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) and Illicium verum Hook. f. (Illiciaceae) plant species, have been used for treatment of infectious diseases in Iranian traditional medicine.
Objective: In this study methanol extracts of Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) and Illicium verum Hook. f. (Illiciaceae), were tested for their potential antifungal activities.
Methods: Methanolic extracts were dried by freeze drying method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was was determined according to agar dilution method and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by incorporating various concentrations of extracts (2-256 mg/ml) in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) in tubes against 4 dermatophyte and one saprophyte fungi.
Results: The extracts of anise seeds inhibited only dermatophyte species, while extracts of star anise fruits inhibited growth of all dermatophytes and saprophytes. MIC and MFC for each extracts were different and MFC was higher than MIC for all species.
Conclusion: As a result of this experiment, these plants can be candidate for further studies due to their antifungal potencies.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Effects of Saffron and its Active Constituents, Crocin and Safranal, on Prevention of Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcers in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Rats
30
38
EN
S
Kianbakht
Department of Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj
K
Mozaffari
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Background: Saffron is the dried stigmata of the flowers of saffron (Crocus sativus L., Iridaceae). Saffron is well known for the treatment of gastric disorders in traditional medicine.
Objectives: In the search for new potential antiulcer agents, the effects of the ethanol extract of saffron and its active constituents crocin and safranal as compared with omeprazole against gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in non-diabetic and streptozocin diabetic rats were studied.
Methods: The effects of pretreatment with saffron extract ( 25, 100 or 250 mg/kg, p.o.) , crocin ( 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and safranal ( 0.25, 2, 5 ml/kg, p.o.) and omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min before administration of indomethacin (40 mg/kg, p.o. in non-diabetic rats and 15 mg/kg, p.o. in diabetic rats) on gastric lesions, increase of lipid peroxidation and decrease of glutathione levels induced by indomethacin in non-diabetic and diabetic rats were evaluated.
Results: Saffron extract, crocin, safranal and omeprazol prevented the gastric lesions, increase of lipid peroxidation and decrease of glutathione levels induced by indomethacin in non-diabetic and diabetic rats as compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The effects of saffron extract, crocin and safranal on the gastric ulcer index, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels were comparable to omeprazole.
Conclusions: Saffron, crocin and safranal may prevent the gastric mucosa damage due to their antioxidant properties by increasing the gluthatione levels and diminishing the lipid peroxidation in the rat gastric mucosa.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Taxane Diterpenoids from Taxus baccata L. Growing in Iran
39
44
EN
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
M
Pirali - Hamedani
Department of medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center,, Tehran University of Medical Sciences & Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, MOH & ME, Tehran
MR
Verdian-Rizi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
Background: There are eight Taxus species and two hybrids in the world and Taxus baccata L. (European yew) is the single representative in Iran. Until now, a large number of taxoids possessing different skeleton systems, as well as lignans, flavonoids, steroids and sugar derivatives have been isolated from various Taxus species. Taxoids are highly oxygenated diterpenes isolated from different species of yew trees (family Taxaceae). They have received considerable attention after the discovery of the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel against different cancers due to its remarkable inhibition of microtubules polymerization leading to apoptosis of cancer cells.
Objective: This study was conducted for extraction, purification and identification of taxoids occurring in the aerial parts of Taxus baccata L. growing in Iran.
Methods: The plant materials were extracted with organic solvent and after defatting, partitioning, column chromatography and thin layer chromatography steps, the obtained compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral data.
Results: Two taxane diterpenoids were isolated. The structures of these taxoids were established as 5-Cinnamoyl-10-acetyltaxicin-I and 2-Deacetyltaxinine E on the basis of spectral analysis.
Conclusion: These two taxoids were not previously encountered in Taxus baccata L. species.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Classification of Iranian Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ecotypes Using RAPD Marker
45
51
EN
M
Abdoli
Institute of Medicinal Plants, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Karaj
B
Habibi-Khaniani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University of Dezful
K
Baghalian
Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University- Karaj Branch
S
Shahnazi
Institute of Medicinal Plants, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Karaj
H
Rassouli
Institute of Medicinal Plants, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Karaj
H
Naghdi Badi
Institute of Medicinal Plants, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Karaj
Background: Garlic is a valuable medicinal plant with variability in desirable morphological and physiological characteristics. The analysis of genetic diversity plays an important role in breeding programs. The RAPD technique could be very effective in detecting genetic variation in garlic.
Objective: The objective of the present work was to detect molecular polymorphism among Iranian garlic ecotypes by RAPD technique.
Methods: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker utilized to assess the genetic diversity among twenty-two different ecotypes of the Iranian garlic. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves using Dellaporta method. RAPD amplification was performed using ten 10-mers arbitrary primers.
Results: Results indicated that five out of ten pair primers had no amplification. A total of 35 RAPD bands were produced, 31 of which (88.5%) were polymorphic. The similarity matrices and dendrogram were obtained using UPGMA algorithms.
Conclusion: In conclusion the entire population was grouped into four clusters with 3, 9, 1 and 9 ecotypes. No significant relationship between genetic diversity detected by RAPD technique and geographical origins.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Cytotoxic Flavonoid from Achillea talagonica Bioss.
52
56
EN
S
Saeidnia
Medicinal plants Research center, Medicinal Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
F
Moradi-Afrapoli
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
AR
Gohari
Medicinal plants Research center, Medicinal Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
M
Malmir
Medicinal plants Research center, Medicinal Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran,
Background: Achillea talagonica (Asteraceae) is an endemic herbaceous plant in Iran with small yellow flowers and several times pinnately divided leaves in worm shape. The plant was found to be cytotoxic in our previous studies.
Materials and Methods: A. talagonica was collected in May 2005 from Talegan in north of Iran during the full flowering stage. Dried aerial parts of the plant were reduced in to small pieces and percolated with ethyl acetate for 72 hours. The extract obtained was filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure and completely dried by a freeze dryer. Column chromatography of the extract on silica gel and sephadex LH-20 yielded in isolation of three main components. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the Artemia salina larvae by the Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity Bioassay.
Results: Isolated compounds were identified as β-sitosterol (1), salvigenin (5- hydroxy 4', 6, 7- three methoxy flavone) (2) and santoflavon (5- hydroxy 4', 3', 6, 7- tetra methoxy flavone) (3). NMR data of all the isolated compounds showed good agreement with literature data.
Conclusions: In our previous studies ethyl acetate extract of A. talagonica showed cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay. The results of BST assay indicated that only santoflavone (3) showed a good cytotoxic activity (LC50 = 15 μ g/ml) against A. salina larvae so this compound seems to be responsible for the extract toxicity of A. talagonica against Artemia nauplii.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Protective Effects of Quercetin on Spermatogenesis in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat
57
64
EN
A
Khaki
Department of Veterinary Pathology (YRC), Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch
M
Nouri
Department of Biochemistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
F
Fathiazad
Department of Pharmacognosy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
HR
Ahmadi-Ashtiani
Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat-e-Modarres University, School of Medical Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran and Biochemistry & Nutrition Department of Zanjan Medical University
H
Rastgar
Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Food & Drug Laboratory Research center, Tehran, Iran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Background: Quercetin is a strong antioxidant and long-term treatment of STZ-diabetic animals and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress.
Objective: antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Wistar male rat (n=40) were allocated into three groups, control group (n=10) and Quercetin (QR) group that received 15mg/kg (IP) QR, (n=10), and Diabetic group that received 55 mg/kg (IP) streptozotocin (STZ) (n=20) which was subdivided to two groups of 10 STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55 mg/kg (IP) STZ plus15mg/kg QR, daily for,4 weeks, respectively however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (IP). Diabetes was induced by a single intra peritonea injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for testosterone, TAC, MDA and Ox-LDL levels and testes tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed and sperm was collected from epididymis then prepared for analysis.
Results: Sperm population, percentage of sperm viability and motility significantly increased in group that has received 15 mg/kg (IP) Quercetin (p<0.05) in comparison to control and experimental groups.
Conclusion: Since in our study 15 mg/kg (IP) Quercetin have significantly Preventive effect on Sperm percentage of viability and motility by reducing level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in serum, so it seems that using it can be effective for sperm healthy parameters in Diabetic Rat.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Isolation and Quantificative Analysis of Oleanolic Acid from Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
65
69
EN
AR
Gohari
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
S
Saeidnia
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
M
Abdoullahi
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
M
Nezafati
Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Background: Satureja mutica (Lamiaceae) is an herbaceous plant which grows in North-West of Iran. Oleanolic acid has been previously isolated from some Lamiaceae genus and showed a broad range of biological activities. Besides Silphium spp., Panax quinquefolium root and Calendula officinalis flower as the interesting source of oleanolic acid used in the herbal industry, here we report the isolation and quantitative evaluation of oleanolic acid, as one of the major constituents in S. mutica.
Methods: Dried aerial parts of S. mutica were successively extracted with diethyl ether. This extract was used for further isolation on silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 1. Isolated compound was identified based on the spectral data of 1 H- NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Densitometric analysis of the developed plate of TLC was carried out to quantify the oleanolic acid using TLC scanner.
Results: Isolated compound (1) was structural elucidated as oleanolic acid and its NMR data showed good agreement with the reference data mentioned in literature. Spectrodensitometric analysis showed that the band characterized by absorption maximum of oleanolic acid was placed at λmax = 270 nm without derivatization. The contents of oleanolic acid are calculated 17.5 mg in 100 g of S. mutica leaves based on dry weight.
Conclusions: Oleanolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is integral part of the human diet. Densitometric analysis is the accurate, selective, and precise method which can be used for routine quality control analysis and quantitative determination of oleanolic acid in Lamiaceae plants specially Satureja species, as one of the industrial source of this compound.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Evaluation Effects of Quercetin on Liver Apoptosis in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat
70
78
EN
AA
Khaki
Department of Anatomy, Islamic Azad University, Branch Bonab, Iran
A
Khaki
Department of Veterinary Pathology Islamic Azad University, Branch Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
M
Nouri
Department of Biochemistry, Tabriz Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran
HR
Ahmadi-Ashtiani
Biochemistry & Nutrition Department of Zanjan Medical University, Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat-e-Modarres University, School of Medical Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran
H
Rastegar
Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Food & drug laboratory Research Center, FDLRC, Tehran, Iran
F
Fathiazad
Department of Pharmacognosy. Tabriz Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran
M
Ghanbari
Medical student, Tabriz Medical Sciences University
Background: Quercetin is a strong antioxidant and long-term treatment of STZ-diabetic animals and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress.
Objective: Antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Wistar male rat (n=40) were allocated into three groups, control group (n=10) and Quercetin (QR) group that received 15mg/kg (IP) QR, (n=10), and Diabetic group that received 55mg/kg (IP) streptozotocin (STZ) (n=20) which was subdivided to two groups of 10 STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55mg/kg (IP) STZ plus15mg/kg QR, daily for,4 weeks, respectively however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily(IP) . Diabetes was induced by a single (IP) injection of streptozotocin (55mg/kg) .Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for TAC,MDA and Ox-LDL levels and Liver tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed then prepared for Apoptosis analysis by Tunel method.
Results: Apoptotic cells significantly decreased in group that has received 15mg/kg (IP) Quercetin (P<0.05) in comparison to experimental groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Since in our study 15mg/kg (IP) Quercetin have significantly Preventive effect on liver cells damages by reducing number of Apoptotic cells in liver, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in Diabetic Rat.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Determination of Nutritive Value and Mineral Elements of some Important Medicinal Plants from Western Part of India
79
88
EN
H. Nile
Shivraj
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431 606, India
C.N. N.Khobragade
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431 606, India
Background: Medicinal plants viz Tinospora cordifolia (Gulvel), Gymnema sylvester (Morasingi), Tricholepis glaberrima (Brahmdandi) are very important for treatment of diabetes mellitus and other various diseases. These plants have great importance due to their nutritive value and major source of medicines as they have been found through out human history
Objective: Evaluation of Nutritive value and mineral elements of T.cordifolia (Gulvel), G. sylvester (Morasingi), T. glaberrima (Brahmdandi).
Methods: The nutrients were analyzed by using different biochemical methods while the mineral elements were analyzed by Flame photometry and by using various titration methods.
Results: T. cordifolia (Gulvel), G. sylvester (Morasingi), T. glaberrima (Brahmdandi) showed sufficient mineral elements like P, K, Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, N, Mg and low in Cu, Cr with good nutritive value and rich in carbohydrate enough protein but low in fat content
Conclusion: on dry matter basis these medicinal plants shows high nutritive value with maximum percentage of important minerals, which can be used for health care during anemic condition and as food and fodder for livestock.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Mutagenicity of Four Natural Flavors: Clove, Cinnamon, Thyme and Zataria multiflora Boiss.
89
96
EN
Sh
Shoeibi
Food and Drug Laboratory Research center (FDLRC), Tehran, Iran
N
Rahimifard
Food and Drug Control Laboratories (FDCLs), Ministry of Health (MOH), Tehran, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
B
Pirouz
Food and Drug Control Laboratories (FDCLs), Ministry of Health (MOH), Tehran, Iran
R
Yalfani
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
SR
Pakzad
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
S
Mirab Samiee
Food and Drug Laboratory Research center (FDLRC), Tehran, Iran
M
Pirali Hamedani
Food and Drug Laboratory Research center (FDLRC), Tehran, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Natural flavors are widely used in various foods, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products . These kinds of additives are applied as colors, preservatives, aroma and tasting agents.
Objective: The large-scale use of certain food flavors requires accumulation of toxicological data on these substances, particularly in cases where structural similarities with other known substances showing genotoxic or carcinogenic properties indicate that some restrictions on human consumption or exposure should be implemented the case of the flavors.
Methods: In this study, Concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 and 2000 µg/ml of four essential oils, Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove), Cinnamum zeylanicum (Cinnamon), Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) and Zataria multiflora, were tested in Salmonella typhymurium strains TA100 with and without rat liver S9 using Ames Salmonella reversion assay. Results: Without S9 fraction, increase in mutant colonies per plate was not observed in all used concentrations. Also with S9 fraction all of samples had no significant increase in mutant colonies per plate except Clove in 500 µg/ml, and higher concentrations. Conclusion: Based on obtained results, Clove oil may have mutagenic effect in 500 µg/ml and higher concentration.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Phytoprevention of aflatoxin production
97
104
EN
I
Rasooli
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran - 3319118651, Iran
MH
Fakoor
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran - 3319118651, Iran
AA
Allameh
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
MB
Rezaee
Department of Medicinal Plants, Institute for Research in Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
P
Owlia
School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Background: Consumption of mycotoxic foods is associated with several cases of human poisoning, or mycotoxicosis, sometimes resulting in death.
Objective: Phytopreventive inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth and its aflatoxin production by the essential oils extracted from Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen and Zataria multiflora Boiss. is reported in this study.
Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) and fungicidal kinetics of the oils were determined and compared with each other. Results: The oils from the above mentioned plants were found to be strongly fungicidal and inhibitory to aflatoxin production. Both oils inhibited aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by A.parasiticus. T. kotschyanus and Z. multiflora oils at 25 ppm concentration, reduced AFB1 levels by 100% and 47.87% respectively. Aflatoxin production was significantly inhibited at lower than fungistatic concentration of both oils. The analysis of oils by GC and GC/MS led to identification of 27 and 22 components in T. kotschyanus and Z. multiflora Boiss. respectively which were very similar to each other.
Conclusion: Prevention of fungal growth and aflatoxin production by natural compounds is recommended.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Volatile Oil Constituents of the Eucalyptus viridis R. T. Baker and Eucalyptus oleosa F. Muell. Leaves from Iran
105
108
EN
K
Jaimand
Research Institute of Forest and Ranglands
MB
Rezaee
Phytochemistry Group, Department of Medicinal plants & By-products, Research Institute of Forest and Ranglands, Tehran
M
Nadery Hajee Bagher Kandy
Phytochemistry Group, Department of Medicinal plants & By-products, Research Institute of Forest and Ranglands, Tehran
Background: The genus Eucalyptus (family Myrtaceae) comprises well-known plants of over 600 species of trees. Although most of the plants are native to Australia, numerous species have been introduced to other parts of the world, including Iran, as economic and ornamental trees in forest trial provenances, where the plants have become source of important fast-growing hardwood trees and Eucalyptus oils.
Objective: Aim of this studu is to determine chemical composition in essential oils of Eucalyptus for medicinal uses.
Methods: The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of two Eucalyptus viridis R. Baker and Eucalyptus oleosa F. Muell. were analysed by GC and GC/MS.
Results: The main components identified in E. viridis oil were 1,8-cineole (84.7%), a - pinene (4.4%), trans-pinocarveol (2.2%) and in E. oleosa were 1,8-cineole (89.4%), b - pinene (1.2%) and a - pinene (1%).
Conclusion: The chemical composition of the oils with high content of 1,8-cineole (84.7 and 89.4%) are classified as a “eucalyptol or medicinal” type.
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
8
29
2009
2
1
Evaluation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize from Mazandaran Province in Iran
109
114
EN
MR
Hadiani
Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran
H
Yazdanpanah
Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University
M
Amirahmadi
Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran
H
Soleimani
Department of Biology, Shahr-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
Sh
Shoeibi
Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education,
R
Khosrokhavar
Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Background: In Iran, maize is cultivated in wide areas including northern provinces. It is one of the most important crops for poultry and livestock feeding, which is susceptible to aflatoxins (AFs) contamination. So, pre-harvest maize samples from Mazandaran province, north of Iran were analyzed for AFs contamination.
Objective: Methods: Thirty-five pre-harvest maize samples were analyzed using immunoaffinity column and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization.
Results: Data revealed that incidence of AFB1, AFB2 and total aflatoxins (AFT) in maize samples were 66%, 54% and 63% with mean of 9.5 ± 16.3, 1.7 ± 2.6 and 10.4 ± 18.4 ng/g, respectively.
Conclusion: The mean level of AFB1 in samples was higher than the Iranian maximum tolerated level (MTL). But, AFT mean level (10.4 ng/g) was lower than the Iranian and US (20 ng/g) MTLs.