Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety
1
7
EN
M
Kamalipour
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
N
SH
Akhondzadeh
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
s.akhond@neda.net
Y
Sh
Rezazadeh
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
N
0000-0001-6255-9190
Herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. The supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. Although a multitude of pharmaceutical agents are available for the treatment of mental disorders, physicians find that many patients cannot tolerate the side effects, do not respond adequately, or eventually lose their response. In comparison, many therapeutic herbs have far fewer side effects. They can provide an alternative treatment or be used to enhance the effect of prescription medications. This review will indicate the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for depression and anxiety.
Anxiety, Depression, Herbal medicine
http://jmp.ir/article-1-557-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-557-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Phytochemical and Biological Studies on the Different Organs of Tanacetum parthenium L. Cultivated in Egypt
8
22
EN
MEM
Rateb
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Egypt
mostafa19772002@yahoo.com
Y
AAM
El-Gendy
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni - Sueif University, Egypt
N
SS
El-Hawary
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
N
AM
El - Shamy
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
N
Phytochemical investigation of Tanacetum parthenium L. family Asteraceae cultivated in Egypt resulted in isolation and identification of four flavonoids. One surface flavonoid was isolated from the fresh leaves and three other flavonoids were isolated from the flower heads. Four sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the leaves. Two sterols were isolated from the roots. A comparative study of the essential oil content of the leaves and the flower heads was performed using GC/MS. The results revealed the presence of 42 and 30 components in the leaves and the flower heads oil samples, respectively. The major components of both oil samples were camphor (constituted 37.7% and 48.4%) and chrysanthenyl acetate (constituted 33.8% and 26.3%) in the leaves and the flower heads, respectively. Different extracts of T. parthenium L. showed significant biological activities. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic and uterine-stimulant activities were studied in addition to the in vitro cytotoxic effect.
Tanacetum parthenium, Santin, Parthenolide, Camphor, Chrysanthenyl acetate, Analgesic, Anti - inflammatory, Antipyretic, Antispasmodic, Uterine stimulant and cytotoxic
http://jmp.ir/article-1-558-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-558-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
In vitro Screening of Bryophytes for Antimicrobial Activity
23
28
EN
R G
Bodade
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
N
P S
Borkar
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
N
Md
Saiful Arfeen
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
N
C N
Khobragade
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
cnkhobragade@rediffmail.com
Y
Background: Bryophytes, the previous land plants posses medicinally important bioactive compounds but with little information. Traditionally the bryophytes plants posses some bioactive components and therefore used throughout the world as drugs and remedies to cure the various diseases.
Objectives: Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of mentioned bryophytes on some pathogenic microorganisms.
Methods: Different Solvent fractions of selected bryophytes were obtained and dried in vacuum. Antimicrobial effect of these fractions was determined by agar diffusion method on different pathogenic microorganisms. The result was then compared with the standard antibiotics ampicillin and nystatin (10 ug/ml).
Results: Results indicated that the bryophyte extracts were found to be active against at least one of the test organisms except Racomitrium crispulum. The extracts that displayed antibacterial activity were neither always effective against the same organisms, nor consistent in magnitude of inhibition. Ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be more effective on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the fungi Aspergillus niger was most sensitive to the ethanolic extract of Plagiochasma appendiculatum and Bryum argentium.
Conclusion: Ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extract of nearly all bryophytes were found to be effective, therefore the study focuses on medicinal significance of bryophytes .
Bryophytes, Antimicrobial effect, Agar diffusion method
http://jmp.ir/article-1-559-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-559-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Petal and Stigma of Crocus sativus L. in the Treatment of Depression: A Pilot Double - blind Randomized Trial
29
36
EN
A
Akhondzadeh Basti
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran
N
SA
Ghoreishi
Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan
N
AA
Noorbala
Pychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
N
SH
Akhondzadeh
Pychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
s.akhond@neda.net
Y
Sh
Rezazadeh
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj
N
Stigma of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), commonly known as saffron, is the world’s most expensive spice and apart from its traditional value as food additive recent studies indicate its potential as antidepressant. Because saffron is expensive, using it daily to address depression may not be practical. Moreover, recent study indicated antidepressant effect of petal of Crocus sativus. As petal of Crocus sativus is not expensive compared to stigma, there will be economical interests for further investigations by pharmaceutical industries. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of petal of Crocus sativus with stigma of Crocus sativus in the treatment of depressed outpatients in a 6-week pilot double-blind randomized trial. Forty four adult outpatients who met the DSM- IV criteria for major depression based on the structured clinical interview for DSM- IV participated in the trial. Patients have a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 18. In this double-blind and randomized trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive capsule of petal of Crocus sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 1) and capsule of stigma of Crocus sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 2) for a 6-week study. At the end of trial, petal of Crocus sativus was found to be effective similar to stigma of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild to moderate depression (d.f.=1, F= 0.05, P=0.81). In addition, in the both treatments, the remission rate was 18%.There were no significant differences in the two groups in terms of observed side effects. The present study is supportive of other studies which show antidepressant effect of petal and stigma of Crocus sativus.
Crocus sativus, Depression, Herbal Medicine, Petal, Stigma
http://jmp.ir/article-1-560-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-560-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Production Potential of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) During the Growth Cycle
37
43
EN
H
Naghdi Badi
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
N
0000-0001-7070-8467
A
Soroshzadeh
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
soroosh@modares.ac.ir
Y
Sh
Rezazadeh
Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)-Institute of Medicinal Plants Research,Tehran
N
0000-0001-6255-9190
M
Sharifi
Department of Plant Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
N
A
Ghalavand
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
N
A
Rezai
Iran Darouk Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran
N
Background: Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a valuable medicinal plant with a high content of gamma linolenic acid. It has an important place in Iranian traditional medicine. Although the aerial parts of this plant are extensively used in treatment of diseases, detailed knowledge of the active constituent changes in these parts is not readily available. In addition the most data that has been reported are about oil seed of borage and its properties.
Objective: Thus, the study about changes in chemical composition/secondary metabolites at different growth stages is necessary.
Method: For this reason, in the present research the chemical composition including total phenol, total alkaloids, mucilage, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and tannins of the aerial parts were evaluated during different growth stages of borage.
Results: Results indicated that at each corresponding stage of development, starting from seedling stage until flowering stage the chemical compositions of borage aerial parts hadn't significantly differences. Only, there were significant differences (p<0.01) in the total ash and acid-insoluble ash and these two parameters were significantly increased with the development of plants, from seedling until flowering stage. In general, at all stage, the aerial parts showed similar quality in respect of chemical compositions.
Conclusion: Therefore the best harvesting time of the aerial parts is the flowering stage, because we achieved the highest fresh and dry weight at this stage.
Borago officinalis L., Aerial parts, Chemical Composition, Growth Stages
http://jmp.ir/article-1-561-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-561-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Trypanocidal Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Against the Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi
44
48
EN
AR
Gohari
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
N
S
Saeidnia
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
soodabehsaeidnia@hotmail.com
Y
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
N
A
Naghinejad
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
N
T
Yagura
Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
N
Background: Some of medicinal plants are a potential source of new drugs to improve the treatment of Chagase disease whose treatment is still a challenge. Here in this screening, the in vitro trypanocidal activity of some fractions for 16 medicinal plants, collected from the northern part of Iran, has been reported.
Methods: Aerial parts of the plants were dried carefully and followed by extraction with hexane and methanol, successively, by maceration at room temperature. Different concentrations of the plant extracts in ethanol were investigated against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi. The movement of epimastigotes was observed under a microscope. We assumed that immobilized organisms were died. The negative control contained ethanol in the same proportion utilized to dissolve the drugs. Each assay was performed in duplicate together with gentian violet as a positive control.
Results: Results show that hexane extracts of Rubus hyrcanus and Salvia sclerae have been observed the most activity against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi (MLC = 12.5 m g/ml). None of methanol fractions shows trypanocidal activity except Salvia sclerae (MLC =
50 m g/ml). Echium amoenum, Satureja macrantha, S. atropatana and Stachys laxa did not display activity lower than 100 m g/ml in both hexane and methanol extracts.
Conclusions: Some of Iranian medicinal plants (Salvia sclerae, Marrubium vulgare and Rubus hyrcanus) could be the promising source of active components against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi and need to further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Trypanocidal activity, Salvia sclerae, Rubus hyrcanus
http://jmp.ir/article-1-562-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-562-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
The Effects of Autoclaving, Salt and Protein on Antimicrobial Activities of Iranian Sumac
49
53
EN
Gh
Amin
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
amin@tums.ac.ir
Y
MM
Ahmadian - Attari
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
MR
Fazeli
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
H
Jamalifar
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
H
Ashtiani
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
A
Ghobadi
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
R
Shakiba
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
M
Khanlarbeik
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
Although many compounds have already approved for use in food as antimicrobials, research for finding greater number of these compounds are still interesting because most currently approved food antimicrobials have limited applications due to food compound interactions. Finding new food antimicrobials requires expensive investigations. Traditional herbal antimicrobial agents like sumac can play an important role. If it is demanded to promote sumac to the rank of a food antimicrobial agent, its stability and interactions must be evaluated. The evaluation of sumac heat stability was done by measuring MICs and MBCs of the extract against some food- related bacteria in extreme condition of autoclaving. The main components of sumac extract are tannic compounds. Tannins have interactions with salt and proteins, and they become sediment in such conditions. Antimicrobial activities of the extract were measured by well diffusion method in the presence of salt and protein and compared with the activities of pure extract. The results show that sumac is heat stable but has interactions with salt and proteins that reduce its activity against Gram- negatives.
Iranian sumac, Autoclaving, Food interactions, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC)
http://jmp.ir/article-1-563-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-563-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Trypanocidal Activity of Oil of the Young Leaves of Nepeta cataria L. Obtained by Solvent Extraction
54
57
EN
S
Saeidnia
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
N
AR
Gohari
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
goharii@yahoo.com
Y
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
N
Trypanocidal activity was found in the volatile oil of the Young leaves of Nepeta cataria L. which has been extracted by diethyl ether and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Four compounds in the oil of N. cataria, representing 97.53% of the oil were identified. The oil was enriched of monoterpenes with α- citral (51.95%) as the major compound. Other main compounds were β- citronellol (9.03%), geraniol (4.31%) and nerol (32.24%). Nepetalactone was not detected in that oil.
Nepeta cataria, Lamiaceae, trypanocidal, essential oil composition, α- citral, nerol
http://jmp.ir/article-1-564-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-564-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia annua L. Essential Oil from Iran
58
62
EN
MR
Verdian-rizi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
mverdian@razi.tums.ac.ir
Y
E
Sadat-Ebrahimi
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
N
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
N
MR
Fazeli
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
N
M
Pirali Hamedani
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
N
The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) was analysed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-two components were identified in the essential oil of A. annua L. with campher (48.00%), 1,8-cineole (9.39%), camphene (6.98%) and spathulenol (4.89%) as major components. The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The activity was more pronounced against fungal organisms than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Artemisia annua L., Essential oil, GC/MS, Antimicrobial activity
http://jmp.ir/article-1-565-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-565-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Comparison of Super Critical Fluid Extraction and Hydrodistillation Methods on Lavander΄s Essential Oil Composition and Yield
63
68
EN
Sh
Rezazadeh
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
N
0000-0001-6255-9190
B. Z. B.F.
Baha - aldini
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
N
A
Vatanara
Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences /University of Tehran
N
B
Behbahani
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
N
A
Rouholamini Najafabadi
Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences /University of Tehran
N
M
Maleky-Doozzadeh
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
N
M
Yarigar-Ravesh
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
N
M
Pirali Hamedani
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran
mpirali@fdo.ir
Y
Background: Lavender’s essential oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and massage. Its major clinical benefits are on the central nervous system. Linalyl acetate and linalool are the most predominant chemical constituents in the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia.
Objective: Comparison of super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods on Lavander΄s essential oil composition and yield methods.
Method: In this work we extracted essential oil of this plant with two different methods SCFE and HD and further analyzed by GC and GC-MS method.
Results: seventeen compounds were identified in the oil which prepared by HD, the major components of them were j. pinene (35.9%) and lavandulyl acetate (14.1%). In the SCFE extracted sample, the most frequent components were linalyl acetate (73.5%) and lavandulyl acetate (7.5%).
Conclusion: According to obvious difference in the composition of the essential oils prepared by two different methods (SCFE & HD), it seems that extraction method differ chemical composition of the oil and probably affects pharmacological properties.
Lavender, Supercritical extraction, Hydrodistilation, Essential oil
http://jmp.ir/article-1-566-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-566-en.pdf
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
Journal of Medicinal Plants
2717-204X
2717-2058
7
25
2008
2
1
Determination of Tocopherols and Fatty Acids in Seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth
69
76
EN
T
Hasanloo
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj
thasanloo@yahoo.com
Y
M
Bahmanei
R;D labs, Savola Behshahr Ind. Co., 8 th. Km. Fath Highway, Tehran
N
R
Sepehrifar
Department of Physiology and Proteomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj
N
F
Kalantari
R;D labs, Savola Behshahr Ind. Co., 8 th. Km. Fath Highway, Tehran
N
Background: The dried fruits of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Compositae) contain silymarin, an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans. Silymarin acts as a strong anti -hepatotoxic. This fruits contains a high amount of oil .
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine total lipid content, fatty acid composition and content of different kind of tocopherols in seed oils of S. marianum.
Method: Fatty acid compositon and a -, γ- and δ-tocopherol (vitamin E) content from seeds of Silybum maianum were investigated by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods.
Results and Conclusion: Total lipid percentage was approximately 25% and nine fatty acids including palmitic acid (8.25 %), palmeotic acid (0.07 %), Stearic acid (6.67 %), oleic acid (31.58 %), Isomer oleic acid (0.53 %), linoleic acid (45.36 %), linolenic acid (0.87 %), arashidic acid (4.11 %), eicozantoic acid (0.088 %) and behenic acid (2.6 %) were determined. a -, γ- and δ -tocopherol content were around 563.157, 88.87 and 163.791 mg Kg -1 DW respectively that could be a natural good sources of antioxidant.
Silybum marianum, Fatty acid, Tocopherol, GC, HPLC
http://jmp.ir/article-1-568-en.html
http://jmp.ir/article-1-568-en.pdf