@article{ author = {Khanahmadi, M and NaghdiBadi, H and Akhondzadeh, S and Khalighi–Sigaroodi, F and Mehrafarin, A and Shahriari, S and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {A Analytical Review on Methods for the Isolation and Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra}, abstract ={Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) is a perennial shrub belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is widely used in food pharmaceutical products and tobacco industry because of its important secondary metabolites. Due to worldwide uses of licorice, it has significant role in export. One of the main bioactive compounds of the root is glycyrrhizic acid (GA) which is a saponine containing three carboxyl and five hydroxyl groups. Glycyrrhizic acid is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic remedy for the treatment of bronchial asthma, eczemas and other diseases. There are different methods for separation, purification, and analysis of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from licorice roots. Most accepted technologies of them include using of solvents, water separation, polymeric macro porous resin and non-ionic surfactants. Also, high-performance liquid chromatography technique is the most important in analysis of GA.}, Keywords = {Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhizic acid, Glycyrrhetinic acid, Purification and separation}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {GhotbiRavandi, E and Dehghan, E and Estaji, AR and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Increasing the Production of Valuable Phytopharmaceutical Compounds by Chromosome Manipulation: Perspectives and Techniques of Induction and Selection of Polyploid Plants}, abstract ={Polyploidy is one of the widespread phenomena in plant kingdom, which has a vital role in evolution and speciation of plants and is usually accompanied by significant changes in morphology, cell and organ size, expression patterns of genes, respiration and phtotosynthesis, regeneration ability, fertility, biochemistry and metabolom of plants. Therefore polyploidy, especially tetraploidy, has been widely applied in modification of various characteristics of plants. The diversity of traits resulted by the induction of polyploidy, depends on the genotype and species and therefore is not always useful. Though tetraploidy usually results in fewer seeds and decrease of fertility but in cases where the increase in biomass or concentration of medicinal compounds is of importance, it can be efficiently applied for breeding of medicinal plants. Autotetraploidy doubles the gene dosage and allotetraploidy collects the useful allels of a biosynthetis pathway in a resulted hybrid and therefore may improve the production of secondary metabolites. According to the importance of herbal medicine and increasing demand for medicinally important secondary metabolites in our country, we describe the effects of polyploidy on various characteristics of medicinal plants and the methods of induction and selection of polyploid plants in this paper.}, Keywords = {Colchicine, Flow cytometry, Medicinal plants, Secondary metabolites, Tetraploidy}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {11-26}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {AkhondzadehBasti, A and Aminzare, M and RazaviRohani, SM and Khanjari, A and Noori, N and JebelliJavan, A and TaheriMirghaed, A and Raeisi, M and Naghili, H and Mohammadkhan, F}, title = {The Combined Effect of Lysozyme and Zataria multiflora Essential Oil on Vibrio parahaemolyticus}, abstract ={Background: Various studies have been conducted to show the effects of essences and enzymes on foodborne pathogens in culture media. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and lysozyme alone and in combination on preventing growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in culture media. Methods: In this study, the MIC of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and lysozyme, together and alone, on Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was determined by using macro and microdilution methods. Results: The MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil determined 0.01% and 0.02% by using macro and microdilution methods, respectively and lysozyme at 1000 mg/mL concentration could not inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Conclusion: According to the results of current study, Zataria multiflora essential oil showed better results in comparison with lysozyme, moreover Applying lysozyme and essential oil together did not decrease MIC, but extended the latent phase of V. parahaemolyticus, which considered an important factor in microbiology.}, Keywords = {Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Zataria multiflora, Essential oil, Lysozyme}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {MohammadiMeyabadi, R and HeydariNasrabadi, M and Khodarahmi, P and Siadat, S.F}, title = {The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Castor Bean Extract on Spermatogenesis in Mice}, abstract ={Background: Castor is a plant with various advantages that, it,s anti-fertility effects are seen in some studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of castor bean extract on spermatogenesis and sperm damage. Methods: 35 male mice were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Control group received normal saline and experimental groups, received 25, 30, 35 and 45mg/kg body weight Castor bean extract for 30 days respectively. Ten days after the last injection mice were anesthetized and the epididymis and testis were removed. Heart blood samples were collected from mice to measure hormones. After preparing cross-sections of testis, samples were stained and line of cells were counted. The data were analyzed by One - Way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Right testicular and epididymal weight and number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, Leydig and Spermatozoa in all experimental groups as well as the diameter in the three groups of 2, 3 and 4 groups were significantly smaller than control group (p<0.05). In experimental group 4, the rate of denaturation of DNA was significantly higher than control group. The Serum sex hormones and percentage of live sperm in the experimental groups 3 and 4, compared to the control group was decreased. Conclusion: Castor bean extract significantly decreases the number of sperm cell lines and sex hormone levels. Furthermore, in higher doses of extract, the sperm DNA denaturation increases. Thus, Castor bean extract may effect on fertility by reducing it.}, Keywords = {Castor bean extract, Fertility, Spermatogenesis}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {35-44}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-30-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-30-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rasouli, L and FallahHuseini, H and Hoseini, SA}, title = {Effect of Kombucha Prepared from Green Tea on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes is chronic and progressive disease in which lipid disorder is one of the common disorders which in turn cause the formation of its short-and long-term effects. Objective: This study was aimed to examine effect of Kombucha prepared from green tea on blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic rats. Methods: In the present study, 30 alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats randomly divided in to three groups: 1) control group, 2) diabetic group receiving green tea and 3) diabetic group receiving Kombucha prepared from green tea. Experimental diabetes in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Aloxan (130 mg/kg). The animals of groupsgreen tea and Kombucha received respectively green tea and Kombucha (made from green tea) and group1 received water 5 ml/kg by oral gavage daily for four weeks. Then glucose and lipid profile were measured. Results: Compared to control group, Serum glucose levels in groups green tea and kombucha were significantly reduced (respectively p=0.002 and p=0.0001). Compared with green tea, Kambocha decreased glucose significantly (p=0.050). Increasing concentrations of HDL in kombucha group in comparison with green tea group was significant (p=0.02) and reduction of total cholesterol and LDL concentration in groups kombucha and green tea in comparison with control group was significant. Meanwhile, decreased average total cholesterol and LDL concentration in kombucha group in comparison with grean tea group was also significan (respectively p= 0.0001 and p =0. 0001). Conclusion: Use of Kombucha caused a decrease in serum glucose, LDL, total cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterolthat this effects are probably because of fermentation process products.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Green tea, Kombucha, Lipid profile}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {45-53}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-31-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Varmazyar, M and Azarbayjani, MA}, title = {The Effect of Saffron Supplementation of Antioxidant Enzymes Activities During a Session Eccentric Exercise in Active Males}, abstract ={Background: Physical activity and exercise increases the oxidation process in the body due to increased production of free radicals and ROS (reactive oxygen species) that can cause tissue damage. Free radicals are atoms or molecules that are highly reactive due to a single electron. An imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense system causing oxidative stress. This trend is the use of antioxidant supplements for athletes. Due to the side effects of synthetic antioxidants, natural antioxidants, especially of plant origin tend to use increased. Saffron is a plant antioxidant. Objective: The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of saffron supplementation of antioxidant enzymes activities during a session eccentric exercise in active males. Methods: In a trial, quasi-experimental, 21- man active purposefully available selected as subjects and randomly assigned to three groups of complementary Saffron (n=7), vitamin C (n=7) and placebo (n=7) received 14 days in capsule form. After 14 days of supplementation, subjects with 70 % VO2max and -10% treadmill downhill running for 45 minutes. Results: The results showed that SOD activity was significantly increased saffron supplements, as well as a place in the placebo group than in the other two groups increased MDA activity was extroverted, while catalase activity did not change significantly. Conclusion: For the base of these results suggest that supplementation with saffron before eccentric exercise have a preventative effect to reduce the exercise induced oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {CAT, Eccentric, MDA, Oxidative stress, SOD, Saffron}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {54-63}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-32-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghafarzadegan, R and Saeedi, M and Malekhosseini, A and Hekmatpou, D and Ghafarzadegan, R and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {The Effect of Ginkgo on Stress Level of Nurses}, abstract ={Background: Mental Health of Nurses in recent decades, attracted more attention. therefore strategies to reduce stress level is essential. Objective: Ginkgo biloba is one of thes herbs that has widely usage in complimentary medicine.With regard to the these points and consider of positive effects of Ginkgo biloba, this study aimed to assess the effect of Ginkgo biloba on nurses stress levels. Methods: This clinical trial was a double blined cross sectional study that nurses eligible to participate in the study using sampling methods were selected and Then randomly given drug or placebo to nurses. The medication and placebo was 40 mg, twice a day. After the two -week, the experimental and control group were switched. Result: In this study 62 nurses for two weeks consume ginkgo. Sum score of occupational stress questionnaire in case group after intervention was 40.15 with standard deviation 10.26. sum score of occupational stress questionnaire in control group after intervention was 34.55 with standard deviation 12. Conclusion: With regard that stress in nurses has problems such as decrease quality of care and unsatisfaction and unefficacy and fatigue and these factors lead to emotional disorder then intervention for control them is necessary. Therefore with regard that this research identify positive effect of ginkgo on stress levels and ginkgo is a part of complimentary therapy has a wildly application then we can use that for increase quality of life in nurses.}, Keywords = {Ginkgo biloba, Nurse, Occupational stress}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {64-72}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-33-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ranjbar, A and Khajavi, F and HossiniZijoud, SM and Ghasemi, H and Mohsenzadeh, F and Chehregani, A}, title = {Effects of Hydroalcoholic ‎Extract Matricaria chamomilla L. ‎on Paraquat-induced Blood Oxidative Toxicity in Rat}, abstract ={Background: Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide and exerts its cytotoxicity via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is no specific treatment for PQ poisoning. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate of hydroalcoholic ‎ extract Matricaria chamomilla L. (M. chamomilla) ‎‏‏against PQ-induced injury in association with its antioxidant activity. Methods: The male rats were treated by gastric gavage daily with PQ (5 mg/kg/day) and M. chamomilla (50 mg/kg/day) were administered alone or in combination for 7 days. After treatments, in blood sample, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Results: In this sample, the TAC was lower in the PQ group as compared with control group. PQ increased LPO level, GPx and SOD activities compared control group M. chamomilla extract increased TAC and decreased LPO level, GPx and SOD activities compared PQ group. Co-administration of PQ with M. chamomilla extract increased TAC and decreased GPx and SOD activities as compared with PQ group. Conclusion: In conclusion, M. chamomilla ‎as natural antioxidant may be considered beneficial for the protection oxidative damage in PQ poisoning.}, Keywords = {Matricaria chamomilla L.‎, Paraquat, Rat, Reactive oxygen species}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {73-82}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-35-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {HoseiniMazinani, M and Hadipour, A}, title = {Increasing Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Calendula officinalis L. by Using Bio-Fertilizer}, abstract ={Background: Because the excessive use of chemical fertilizers had harmful effects, bio-fertilizers using are suitable alternative for supply of safe food, healthy environment and human health. Objective: To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on the quantity and quality yield of calendula medicinal plant. Methods: This study conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University (Shahr-e-Ray Branch) based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were Nitroxin, Super nitro plus, Mycorrhizae, animal manure, chemical fertilizer (NPK) and control (no fertilizer). Results: The bio-fertilizers using had a significant effect on the most of studied quantity and quality parameters. Effect of bio-fertilizers was significant (p≤0.05) on dry matter of flower and fresh yield and (p≤0.01) on fresh weight of flower and essential oil yield of calendula. Biofertilizer had a significant effect on main constituents, Muurolol (epi-alpha) and alpha-Cadinol (%) (p≤0.01). Conclusion: Biofertilizers had a positive and significant effect on yield of essential oil and also maximum yield of essential oil was observed by Nitroxin treatment.}, Keywords = {Calendula officinalis L., Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Biofertilizer, Mycorrhizae, Qualitative yield}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {83-91}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-36-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hamta, A and Shariatzadeh, SMA and SoleimaniMehranjani, M and FallahHuseini, H and Hosseinabadi, F}, title = {The Cytotoxic Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Root Extract on 4T1 Cell Line Derived from BALB/c Mice Mammary Tumors}, abstract ={Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) root has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of several diseases. The main active constituent of G. glabra is glycyrrhizic acid with antioxidant property. The cytotoxic effects of several compound isolated from different plants have been attributed to their antioxidant properties. Objective: The present work was aimed to investigate the in-vitro cytotoxic screening of G. glabra root extract against 4T1 cell line derived from BALB/c mice mammary tumors. Methods: 4T1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. Then cells treated with different concentration of G. glabra extract (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg/ml), taxol (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 nM) alone and in combination G. glabra and taxol for 24, 48, 72 hrs. Viability of the cells was measured through trypanblue and MTT staining. The cells morphology was studied using fluorescent dye. Results: G. glabra root extract and taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells. Condensation and deformation of the nuclei were also observed similarly for both treatments. Moreover in combination therapy, G. glabra extract enhances taxol induced cytotoxicity in cancerous cells. Conclusion: G. glabra root extract and taxol showed cytotoxicity effects and morphological changes in 4T1 cells. This reduction in the viability of the cells was dependent on dose and time.}, Keywords = {Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cytotoxicity, 4T1 cell line}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {92-103}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-37-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Valadbeigi, T and Rashki, S}, title = {Effect of Cultured and Natural Thallus, and Symbionts Extracts of Usnea articulata on Skin Wound Healing in Wistar Rat}, abstract ={Background: Lichens are one of the appropriate biological models for biotechnological studies that produce a great variety of secondary metabolites by use of in vitro cultures. Various biological activities of these components are known, such as: anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-protozoal. Objective: In the present research, the purpose is the study of the effect of natural and cultured thalli and symbionts (alga and fungus in separate) extracts of Usnea articulata on skin wound healing in vivo conditions. Methodes: The collected samples were washed and dried in the shade. Thallus and lichen symbionts (after isolation) were cultured separately. Thin-layer chromatography for the natural and cultured thallus and the symbionts were done. Than methanolic extract of thalli and symbionts were prepared and their effects on wound healing were investigated. Results: Methanolic extract of natural thalli had only usnic acid, tissus cultute had usnic acid and 2 unknown components. Symbionts had no usnic acid. Methanolic extract of natural thalli and that callus were effective in the process of wound healing. They showed a meamingful difference with other groups under treatment. While metanolic extract of mycobiont and phycobiont callus did not have any effect on wound healing process. Conclusion: obviously, the formation of usnic acid is based on phisyological relationship between phycobiont and mycobiont. So they are not observed in the seprate symbionts.}, Keywords = {Usnea articulata, Fungus, Skin, Usnic acid}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {104-113}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F and Jeddi-Tehrani, M and Ahvazi, M and Shahnazi, S and Bayat, AA and Mohajer, N and Zarei, S}, title = {Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Taverniera spartea on Human Cancer Cell Lines}, abstract ={Background: For centuries, plants have been a major source for drug discovery. Some examples of anticancer agents developed from plants are the vinblastine, vincristine, taxol and camptothecin. Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women and prostate cancer remains a considerable health problem for men around the world. Objective: The purpose of this study was cytotoxicity evaluation of Taverniera spartea on human cancer cell lines. Methods: In the present study, we determined the cytotoxic effects of total methanol extracts and their fractions of Taverniera spartea on MCF-7 and BT-474 human breast cancer cells and also PC-3 and Du-145 prostate cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Results: The chloroform fraction of Taverniera spartea showed the highest toxicity MTT assay. The IC50 value of this fraction was 70.69 µg/ml for MCF-7 breast cancer cell line after 48 h of exposure. Chloroform fraction showed necrotic effects on MCF-7, BT-474 and PC-3 in contrast apopthotic induction on Du-145 in flow cytometry analysis Conclusion: Taverniera spartea has cytotoxic effects. Further investigation is needed to determine chemical characterization of the active principles and the molecular mechanisms mediated anticancer activities of Taverniera spartea.}, Keywords = {Taverniera spartea, Cytotoxic effects, Human cancer cell line, Leguminosae}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {114-128}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-39-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Dolatkhahi, M and Nabipour, I}, title = {Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used in the Northeast Latrine Zone of Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays, medicinal plants are widely used in remedies of several ailments and improvement of human health because of their pharmaceutical properties. Objective: Recognition of plant species and data collection of native inhabitants in the case of attribute and either preparation methods of them in the treatment of various diseases. Methods: In order to gather information on medicinal species the area, an investigation was performed during 2011-2013. Data was obtained using direct interviews with 120 informants particularly those who were more familiar with the herbs and their medicinal properties. The most widely plant used and also the most populous families and genera in the region were identified. Results: Results of this study indicated that this zone has 70 plant species which belong to 37 families and 62 genera. Among 37 plant families being used in this area, Asteraceae with 7 species is the most used family and Plantago with 4 species is the largest genus in this zone. Intestinal - digestive system is the first target for traditional medicine in the area. Conclusion: In general, our findings can be used as a basis for selecting useful medicinal plants for further pharmacological and phytochemical studies and consequently to discover new drugs.}, Keywords = {Helle river zone, Medicinal plants, Persian Gulf, Traditional medicine}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {129-143}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Labbafi, MR and NaghdiBadi, H and Zand, E and Qaderi, A and Noormohammadi, Gh and Noormohammadi, Gh and Khalaj, H and Mehrafarin, A}, title = {Determination of Yield Components of Trigonelline in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - graceum L.) Seed Based on Path Analysis and Regression}, abstract ={Background: Trigonelline in fenugreek seed is a valuable medicinal metabolite in reducing blood cholesterol and blood. Objective: Determine the most important components of seed yield, percent and yield of seed trigonelline in fenugreek under foliar application and non-application of methanol. Methods: The experiment was done a randomized complete block design with two treatments as foliar application of methanol (0 and 30 v/v%) and four replications. Path analysis and stepwise regression were used in order to denote the most important effective traits on seed yield, percent and yield of seed trigonelline in fenugreek. Results: The results showed that 1000-seeds weight and number of branches per plant for seed yield total dry weight and number of pods per plant for percent of seed trigonelline seed yield and percent of seed trigonelline for yield of seed trigonelline in the non-application of methanol, and also, the number of seeds per pod, percent of seed oil, number of pods per plant and plant height for seed yield leaf dry weight, shoot trigonelline and geometric mean diameter of seed for percent of seed trigonelline and seed yield percent of seed trigonelline and pod length for yield of seed trigonelline in foliar application of methanol (30 v/v%) treatment significantly justified changes related to the dependent variables. Path analysis of dependent variables showed that the yield of seed trigonelline by direct positive effect of seed yield and the percent of seed trigonelline were the most important yield components of seed trigonelline. Conclusion: Generally, the results indicate that seed yield and percent of seed trigonelline can be used for increasing of yield of seed trigonelline in the breeding of fenugreek.}, Keywords = {Trigonella foenum - graceum L., Methanol, Path analysis, Seed trigonelline, Seed yield}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {144-155}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-41-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {AkhondzadehBasti, A and Mashak, Z and Khanjari, A and Rezaei, MA and Mohammadkhan, F and TaheriMirghaed, A and FaghihFard, P and TayyarHashtjin, N}, title = {The Study on the Effects of Garlic Essential Oil on Growth Curve and TDH Toxin Production of Vibrio parahaemolyticus}, abstract ={Background: Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes acute gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated raw or under cooked seafood. The virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus is initially attributed to the production of a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH). Objective: The survey of different concentrations of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) on MIC, MBC, growth curve and production of TDH toxin of vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods: The effects of garlic essential oil at concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.03 and 0.045% on the MIC, MBC, growth curve and production of TDH toxin of vibrio parahaemolyticus were studied in BHI model. Results: MIC and MBC of garlic essential oil was estimated 0.03%. The essential oil showed significant effect on toxin production, Titers of TDH production in 0 and 0.005% were 1/256 comparing to 1/64 in 0.015% concentration of EO. Concentrations of 0.005 and 0.015% of garlic essential oil reduced the bacterial growth rate significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Garlic essential oil showed to be effective against bacterial growth and production of TDH toxin. Its potential application in food systems may be suggested.}, Keywords = {Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Garlic essential oil, TDH}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {156-162}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-42-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-42-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Tahmasebi, somayeh and Majd, Ahmad and Mehrafarin, Ali and Jonoubi, Paris}, title = {Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of the Essential Oils of Origanum vulgare and Origanum majorana in Iran}, abstract ={Background: Marjoram belongs to the Lamiaceae family of plants is common in most parts of the world as a medicinal plant used. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the essential oil of two Origanum species to determine their composition is the most important. Methods: The aerial parts of two species of plants belong to Origanum genus, including Origanum vulgare L. and Origanum majorana L. in July 2013, in the beginning of flowering stage, were collected from the farm research of Medicinal Plants Institute. The aerial parts were dried in shadow condition in room and then after the essential oil content and its components were measured. The essential oils were extracted by clevenger apparatus and its constituents were determined by GC-MS. Results: The results indicated that amount of essential oil in O. vulgare was 0.13% (v/v), and its main components were trans-caryophyllene (21.46%), germacrene D (18.99%) and (E, E-α) farnesene (9.12%). While amount of essential oil in O. majorana was 1.09% (v/v), and its main components consisted of terpinolene-4-ol (23.11%), γ-terpinene (13.94%) and α-terpinene (8.11%). Conclusion: General differentiation between two species related to amount of component groups and their most important essential oil content. In O. vulgare, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (69/18%) are the most amount of essential oil while in O. majorana, monoterpene hydrocarbons (42/53%) are the major parts of essential oil.}, Keywords = {Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Monoterpene, Sesquiterpene, Terpinolene-4-ol, Trans-Caeyophyllene}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {163-171}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-43-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-43-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hasanein, Parisa and Gomar, Ali}, title = {Effects of Zingiber officinale Rosc. Hydroethanloic Extract on Antinociception Induced by Hyoscine in Male Rats}, abstract ={Background: There has been recently a great interest in the interaction between the synthetic drugs and the plant extracts to produce pharmacological responses. For example, the combination of plant extracts and common analgesics can increase their antinociceptive activity, allowing the use of lower doses and, thus, limiting side effects. Objectives: The effects of administration of Zingiber officinale extract, morphine, hyoscine and combination of Z. officinale with hyoscine were examined on pain control in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into 10 groups (n=6). Hyoscine (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and morphine (2.5 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). The extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered orally one hour before hyoscine injection. Rats were evaluated 30 minutes after the last treatment in tail flick (tf) test. Results: Hyoscine (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and morphine (2.5 mg/kg) caused antinociception in tf test (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001). Combination of hyoscine (0.5 mg/kg) and the Zingiber extract caused more antinociception compared to the groups that only received hyoscine or the extract. Conclusion: Since hyoscine as an anticholinergic drug with analgesic effects has some undesired side effects, combination of Z. officinale extract with hyoscine can cause antinociception with minimum dose and the side effects related to hyoscine.}, Keywords = {Zingiber officinale, Hyoscine, Pain, Rats}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {172-179}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-44-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kashani, L and Hajiaghaee, R and Akhondzadeh, S}, title = {Evidence Based Medicine: Clinical Trials}, abstract ={Evidence based medicine is very important for success of modern medicine. It is the ongoing process of using the most reliable evidence from clinical studies, scientific understanding and medical practice to make the best possible medical choice for patients. Evidence based medicine is how medicine advances and how we get improvements in life expectancy and quality of life. It not only identifies which treatments are effective but also those which are ineffective and may do more harm than good, and identifies areas where more investigation is needed and where there may be gaps in knowledge. In this review we focus on clinical trials.}, Keywords = {Clinical trial, Clinical Research, Evidence based medicine}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hatami, M and Ghafarzadegan, R and Ghorbanpour, M}, title = {Essential Oil Compositions and Photosynthetic Pigments Content of Pelargonium graveolens in Response to Nanosilver Application}, abstract ={Background: Nanosilver particles are among the potentially candidates for modulating the redox status and changing the growth, performance and quality of plants because of their physicochemical characteristics. Objective: This study was carried out to elucidate the potential effects of nanosilver particles application on variations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and essential oil content and composition of Pelargonium graveolens. Methods: Four nanosilver particles (5 - 20 nm) concentration (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg.L-1) were used as foliar application. The essential oils were isolated from aerial flowering parts of the plants by hydro-distillation method and then subjected to GC and GC-MS apparatus to determine the oil constituents. Results: Chlorophyll and carotenoids content increased in leaves of nanosilver treated plants in compare with the control. Nanosilver application at 40 mg.L-1 was the most effective treatments in pigments and essential oil content. Also, results showed that 26 components were identified in essential oil and citronellol was the major component under all employed treatments. Maximum citronellol/geraniol ratio was obtained at 80 mg.L-1 nanosilver treatment, indicating the positive influence of nanosilver particles on essential oil quality of Pelargonium plants. Conclusion: The nanosilver particles application could maintain and enhanced the photosynthetic pigments and essential oil content of P. graveolens plants. Our findings suggested that nanosilver application improved quality and quantity of essential oil.}, Keywords = {Pelargonium graveolens, Carotenoids, Citronellol, Essential oil Chlorophyll, Nanosilver}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {5-14}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Valizadeh, H and Mahmoodi, KF and Alizadeh, Z and Bahadori, MB}, title = {Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Secondary Metabolites from Echinophora platyloba DC from Iran}, abstract ={Background: Echinophora platyloba DC (Apiaceae) is one of the two endemic species of Echinophora genus in Iran. It has many folkloric uses and several biological activities but there is no information about its phytoconstituents. Objective: In this work some of the secondary metabolites were isolated, purified and identified from n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the aerial parts and root of this plant for the first time. Methods: Resulting extracts were subjected to column chromatography using EtOAc/n-hexane as eluent. Further purifications were carried out using preparative TLC and recrystallization techniques. Characterization of compounds were established using spectroscopic data (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and FT-IR), and by comparing with the literature. Results: Stigmasterol, Sitosterol, Stigmasterol-β-D-glycoside and Saccharose were purified from these extracts and their chemical structures were characterized. Conclusion: Several phytosterols were isolated from various extracts of aerial parts and great amount of saccharose was purified from the sweet root of the plant.}, Keywords = {Echinophora platyloba, Saccharose, Sitosterole, Stigmasterol, Stigmasterol glycoside}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {15-21}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-47-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {SadeghiAfjeh, M and FallahHuseini, H and Tajalizadekhoob, Y and Mirarefin, M and Sharifi, F and Taheri, E and Saeednia, S and Larijani, B and Fakhrzadeh, H}, title = {Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Pinus eldarica by HPLC}, abstract ={Background: The antioxidant components have been identified in some pine species. Antioxidant properties of proantocyanidins reduce free radicals induced by DNA fragmentation and lipid proxidation and also proanthocyanidines could curb lipid peroxidation. Objective: In this study, we analyzed different parts of Pinus eldarica (bark, seed and needle) and assessed their antioxidant contents. Methods: Pine specimens were collected from four different geographic locations in Tehran. The HPLC method (UV detector, C18 reverse phase column, 4.6 mm (25 cm, and water/ H3PO4/ methanol/ acetonitril as eluant) were employed for evaluating total polyphenols. The wavelength for detection of polyphenolic compounds was 280 nm in this study. Results: The highest range of total polyphenols was detected in the bark of this pine, specially reported a considerable amount of tyrosol in Pinus eldarica. Tyrosol stimulated resistance to oxidative stress and also has anti aging effect. Conclusion: The high amount of total phenolic compounds in P. eldarica bark might be attractive for future research considering its health benefits.}, Keywords = {Pinus, Phenolic compound, HPLC, Catechin, Poly phenols}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {22-33}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kahkeshani, N and Khanavi, M and Hadjiakhoondi, A}, title = {Quality Control of Nepeta menthoides Boiss & Buhse using Micromorphological Analysis and Phytochemical Screening}, abstract ={Background: Nepeta menthoides Boiss & Buhse is a species from Lamiaceae family. It is used as a herbal medicine with common name “Ostokhodus” in Iranian traditional and folk medicine but there is not enough information about its quality and quantity control methods. Objective: In this study we use micromorphological and phytochemical evaluations for qualitative and quantitative control of N. menthoides powder. Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, phytochemical screening and flavonol quantification were done on N. menthoides powder. Results: Results showed that all of these assessments can use as quality control parameters for authentication of N. menthoides, particularly micromorphological specifications. Conclusion: Our study shows the importance of micromorphological evaluation in authentication of this herbal medicine but further investigations are needed to complete these data.}, Keywords = {Nepeta menthoides, Authentication, Microscopic evaluation, Ostokhodus, Phytochmical screening}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {34-38}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Raei, F and GhorbaniNohooji, M and Habibi, M and Ashoori, N}, title = {Antibacterial Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Two Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) Species from Iran}, abstract ={Background: Despite the discovery of numerous antibiotics, drug resistance still remains as a major problem. Therefore, it is important to introduce and replace new sources of drug such as medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties. Objective: The genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae family) has six species in Iran. Aerial parts of Clematis have been used to cure fever and chronic diseases such as Rheumatism in traditional medicine. In this research, antibacterial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of aerial part in two major species of the genus in Iran (contains C. orientalis and C. ispahanica) were studied. Methods: Aerial plant parts were dried in shade, powderized and then ethanolic and methanolic extracts were prepared. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was measured against six laboratory standard strains including gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also determined using broth microdilution. Results: Results showed that antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts is stronger than the ethanolic one. Also, C. ispahanica has stronger antibacterial activity in comparison to C. orientalis. Gram positive test bacteria showed the most susceptibility to both extracts compared to gram negative organisms. Conclusion: According to antibacterial effects of alcoholic extracts, it seems necessary to diagnose effective antibacterial components to compare results with existed finding and introduce a new trapeutic source.}, Keywords = {Clematis ispahanica, Clematis orientalis, Aerial part extracts, Antibacterial activity}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {39-45}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {EsmaeilzadehBahabadi, S and Sharifi, M and Murata, J and Satake, H}, title = {The Effect of Chitosan and Chitin Oligomers on Gene Expression and Lignans Production in Linum album Cell Cultures}, abstract ={Background: Linum album, a herbaceous and medicinal plant, has been shown to accumulate anti-tumor podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and related lignans. Objective: In this study, we have verified the time-course of cell growth, lignan production in cells treated with chitosan and chitin oligomers. To study mechanism of chitosan and chitin oligomers action, expression of phenylalanine ammonio-lyase (PAL), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase (PLR) genes were investigated. Methods: The cells were treated with 100 mg l-1 chitin and chitosan oligomers. Cells were harvested for 5 days after elicitation. lignans quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cell samples frozen with liquid N2 were used to elucidate the expression level of genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: Cells elicited with chitosan hexamer for 5 days yielded the highest amount of PTOX (73.5 µg/g dry weight) and lariciresinol (96 µg/g DW) which were about 3-fold and 2-fold higher than control, respectively. The expression of genes by oligomers was increased, reaching a peak at 3 day after treatment. Conclusion: Chitosan and chitin oligomers up-regulate the production of PTOX, by effecting on gene expression of PTOX biosynthesis pathway.}, Keywords = {Linum album, Chitosan oligomers, Gene expression, Podophyllotoxin}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {46-53}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moradi, M and Mehrafarin, A and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Phytochemical Variations in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) Plantlets Affected by Propagation Methods and Soil Type}, abstract ={Background: Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant of family Verbenaceae, which cultivated in North region of Iran. Objective: Evaluation of phytochemical characters in Lippia citriodora H.B.K. plantlets affected by propagation methods (micro-propagation and stem cutting) cultivated in different soil type (peat moss and mixture soil). Methods: This study was done on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments. The treatments were propagation methods (micro-propagation and stem cutting) and soil type (peat moss and mixture soil). The volatile oil was extracted by hydro-distillation using clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: The results indicated that the interaction effects of different soils and plantlets types had significant effect (p<0.05) on all studied parameters. The highest content of essential oil (0.79%), geranial (53.52%), neral (31.82%), limonene (11.29%), leaf dry weight (1.43 g) and SPAD value (20.85) were observed in treatment of MPP (micro-propagation plantlets cultivated in peat moss) and the lowest of that was obtained in treatment of SCM (stem cutting plantlets cultivated in mixture soil). Conclusion: The peat moss was the best bed in respect of phytochemicals and morpho-physiological traits in both types of in vitro and stem cutting propagation. The highest essential oil content was observed in treatment of micro-propagation cultivated in peat moss.}, Keywords = {Lippia citriodora H.B.K., Micro-propagation, Peat moss, Soil type, Stem cutting}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {54-68}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Yousfbeyk, F and Esmaiili, T and Pashna, Z and Hozori, Z and Ghohari, AR and Ostad, SN and Amin, GhR}, title = {Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenol and Total Anthocyanin Contents of Cornus sanguinea L subsp australis. (C.A. Mey.) Jáv.}, abstract ={Background: Cornus sanguinea L subsp australis (C.A. Mey.) Jáv. (Cornaceae) is a native species in north and northwest of Iran. It is locally named Siah-al. The genus Cornus is rich source of anthocyanins. Objective: In this study the antioxidant activity, total phenol and total anthocyanin contents of different extracts of C. sanguinea L subsp australis. were investigated for the first time. Methods: The fruits were extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol (1% HCl) and water. DPPH and FRAP assay were performed for investigation of antioxidant activity of each extract. The total phenols were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method while total anthocyanins were detected by spectroscopic method modified by Peksel. Results: The results showed that C. sanguinea L subsp australis methanol (1% HCl) extract (CME) had the highest amount of anthocyanins (12.56 ± 0.01 µmol/g extract) as well as the highest amount of total phenolics (88.56 ± 0.04 mg GAE/ g dry extract). The CME were found to have the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (IC50=90.43 µg/ml) and in FRAP method (1419.167± 0.025mmol FeII / g dry extract). Radical scavenger activity of CME at 100 μg/ml was comparable with α-tocopherol (20 μg/ml) and with BHA (200 μg/ml), p>0.05. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the total phenolic content an antioxidant activity of CME as well as total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (R2 = 0.99). The results suggest that C. sanguinea L subsp australis is a natural sources of anthocyanin and have considerable antioxidant activity.}, Keywords = {Cornus sanguinea L subsp australis. (C.A. Mey.) Jáv., Antioxidant, Total anthocyanin, Total phenol}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghorbanpour, M and Ghafarzadegan, R and Hatami, M}, title = {Seed Alkaloids Content and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Black Henbane as Influenced by Ammonium Nitrate Application and Water Deficit Stress}, abstract ={Background: Since alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds, the availability of nitrogen (N) is expected to play an important role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in plants. Objective: This study intended to investigate the nitrogen (N) fertilization and water deficit stress (WDS) effects on seed tropane alkaloids elicitation including hyoscyamine (HYO) and scopolamine (SCO), and also antioxidant enzymes activities variations including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) in black henbane. Methods: Plants were treated with different nitrogen (0, 0.14, 0.28 and 0.56 g N pot-1 as ammonium nitrate, N0-N3, respectively) and WDS treatments (30, 60 and 90% depletion of water from field capacity, W1-W3). Alkaloids extracted were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Results showed that the highest alkaloid content values in seeds (HYO: 0.145% dw and SCO: 0.271% dw) achieved in plants grown under sever (W3) and moderate (W2) WDS accompanied with nitrogen supply of 0.28 g N pot-1 (N2), respectively. The maximum and minimum (2.112 and 0.114 g.plant-1) total alkaloids yield were obtained in N3W1 and N3W3 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, SOD activity increased with increasing N fertilization in all WDS treatments. CAT activity increased with WDS up to 60% FC, and then decreased with WDS increase. The POX activity was the opposite to that of CAT activity with N application under WDS levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that N in appropriate level may act as a modifier for seed physiological responses and as an elicitor for tropane alkaloids biosynthesis pathway in black henbane (hyoscyamus niger) plants.}, Keywords = {Hyoscyamus niger, Alkaloids, Antioxidant enzymes, Seed, Nitrogen, Water stress.}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {75-86}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Salehi, M and NaghdiBadi, H and MajnoonHosseini, N and Mazaheri, D}, title = {Determination of Volatile Oil Constituents in Root and Shoot of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori in Saline Soil}, abstract ={Background: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. is a small tree, which grows in south east of Iran. The shoot and root of M. peregrina contain volatile oil which has several isothiocyanates. Objective: To study the effect of salinity on volatile constituents of root and shoot of M. peregrina. Methods: The experiment was conducted on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were consist of control, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 dS/m. The volatile constituents were determined by GC and GC/MS. Results: The results showed that the main constituent of volatile oil in control treatment was 1,2–benzendicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methyl propyl) (29.02%) which decreased with increasing salinity. In salinity treatments, the isothiocyanates compounds such as isobutylisothiocyanate and 2-isothiocyanatepropan were increased. In control level of salinity, the main compound of root volatile oil was thiocyanic acid phenylmethyl ester (29.6%) but was not found in the salinity treatment. The content of isothiocyanates in the shoot increased with increasing salinity up to 4dS/m. Conclusion: The level of salinity had significant effect on volatile oil content and component of M. peregrina.}, Keywords = {Moringa peregrina, Moringaceae, Salinity, Volatile oil}, volume = {13}, Number = {49}, pages = {87-96}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kashani, L and Heidari, M and Akhondzadeh, S}, title = {Herbal Medicine for Treating Hot Flashes}, abstract ={Although some alternative therapies like botanical and herbal therapies have shown promise for relieving menopause symptoms such as hot flashes, more research is needed. Eighty-five percent of the women in the United States experience hot flashes of some kind as they approach menopause and for the first year or two after their periods stop. Between 20 and 50% of women continue to have them for many more years. As time goes on, the intensity decreases. In this review we focus on the evidence based herbal medicine in particular with herbs that have antidepressant effects.}, Keywords = {Black Cohosh, Evening primrose oil, Flaxseed Oil, Ginseng, Herbal medicine, Hot flashes, Saffron, St. John’s Wort}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-624-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-624-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Salehi-Arjmand, H and Mazaheri, D and Hadian, J and MajnoonHosseini, N and Ghorbanpour, M}, title = {Essential Oils Composition, Antioxidant Activities and Phenolics Content of Wild and Cultivated Satureja bachtiarica Bunge Plants of Yazd Origin}, abstract ={Background: Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, an endemic species with relatively wide distribution, is traditionally used as a medicinal and spice plant in Iran. Objective: Essential oils composition, antioxidant activities and phenolics content of wild and cultivated S. bachtiarica of Yazd origin were determined in this study. Methods: Hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods were served to determine total phenolics and flavonoids of methanol extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined by DPPH and FRAP methods and their rosmarinic acid content was measured by using HPLC. Results: The oil content of cultivated and wild plants was 1.8% and 0.9% v/w, respectively. Oxygenated monoterpens (78.3 - 79.5%) constituted the major fraction of essential oils with carvacrol (71.4% and 57.4% in cultivated and wild plants, respectively. p - Cymene (8.6 - 12.5%) was another major components of essential oils. Methanol extract from wild growing plants exhibited the higher levels antioxidant activities in both DPPH and FRAP methods (29.04 and 58.25 mg Trolox/g, respectively). This extract also contained the higher amounts of total phenolics (24.5 mg caffeic acid /g sample), total flavonoids (87.99 mg catechin /g sample) and rosmarinic acid (3.73 mg/g dry weight) in comparison to cultivated ones (16.2 mg caffeic acid /g sample, 40.55 mg catechin /g sample and 1.73 mg/g dry weight, respectively). Conclusion: Obtained results may be helpful for domestication of this plant and development of natural antioxidants for use in different industries.}, Keywords = {Satureja bachtiarica, Bunge, Antioxidant activity, Essential oil, Rosmarinic acid, Total flavonoids, Total phenolics}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {6-14}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-625-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-625-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {DaneshTalab, S and Mehrafarin, A and NaghdiBadi, H and Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F}, title = {Changes in Growth and Trigonelline/Mucilage Production of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) under Plant Growth Regulators Application}, abstract ={Background: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - graecum L.) is an annual medicinal plant belongs to the legume family and has anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic and hypocholesterolaemic effects. Objective: Evaluation of growth and trigonelline /mucilage content in fenugreek under application of plant growth regulators (PGR). Methods: The experiment was conducted on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were consist of control (distilled water application), Giberrellic Acid (GA3) 25 and 50 ppm and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 25 and 50 ppm (for each concentration by soaking the seeds before planting, spray after planting, and soaking seeds before planting with spray after planting). Results: Application of plant growth regulators significantly increased trigonelline and mucilage content of seed, shoots and pods dry weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. Application of plant growth regulators had no significant effect on the SPAD value. Mean comparisons showed that the highest shoot dry weight was related to NAA, GA3 50 ppm (soaking seeds before planting with spray after planting), and also the highest pods dry weight, 1000-seed weight, mucilage and trigonelline content of seeds were obtained from GA3 50 ppm (soaking the seeds before planting with spray after planting). Conclusion: Application of GA3 50 ppm as the soaking seeds before planting with spray after planting are effective to obtain maximum trigonelline and mucilage content in fenugreek.}, Keywords = {Trigonella foenum- graecum L., Gibberellic acid, Naphthalene acetic acid, Trigonelline and mucilage content}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {15-25}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-626-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-626-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {BeheshtiRoy, A and Tavakoli-far, B and FallahHuseini, H and Tousi, P and Shafigh, N and Rahimzadeh, M}, title = {Efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil in the Treatment of Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background: Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil has been traditionally used in the ayurvedic system of medicine for healing burns, infections and seborrheic dermatitis. But yet, no controlled human study has determined its efficacy. Objective: The goal of the current study was to compare the efficacy of 5% tea tree essential oil (TTO) gel with placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis. Methods: Fifty four patients with mild to moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis reffered to Skin Diseases Research Center, in the Qazvin city, Iran, were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either 5% TTO gel or placebo three times daily for 4 weeks. The patients follow-ups were conducted in both groups after 2 and 4 weeks with evaluating of erythema, scaling, itching and greasy crusts. Results: Forty two patients completed the treatment course. There were significant differences between the TTO and placebo groups in the improvement of erythema, scaling, itching and greasy crusts (p < 0.05). Allergic side - effects were seen in neither group. Conclusions: 5% TTO gel is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis.}, Keywords = {Melaleuca alternifolia, Facial seborrheic dermatitis, Tea tree oil gel, Topical treatment}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {26-32}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-627-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-627-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kianbakht, S and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests}, abstract ={Background: S. alopecuroides, Z. officinale and M. officinalis are used traditionally in the treatment of pain. Objective: To evaluate the plants effects in the rat formalin test and their activity on the opioid receptors. Methods: Each rat was placed individually in a cage for 30 min to get acclimated. Then 0.05 mL of 10% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw of the rat. Afterward, the animal was returned to the cage for observation. Pain responses were scored at 30 and 60 min after formalin injection. 90% ethanol extract was injected subcutaneously 30 min before formalin injection. To evaluate the role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effect of the extracts inhibiting the early phase of the test, naloxone was injected subcutaneously 30 min before extract injection. Moreover, the extracts effects on the Straub reaction were studied in mice. Mice were placed in individual cages immediately after extract injection for observation. The positive Straub tail response was considered as a persistent elevation of the tail at an angle more than 45º, 30 min after extract injection. Results: S. alopecuroides and M. officinalis inhibited both phases of the formalin test (p<0.05), but Z. officinale inhibited only the late phase (p<0.05). Naloxone did not reverse the effects of S. alopecuroides and M. officinalis in the formalin test. Further, the extracts did not cause Straub reaction. Conclusion: The plants have analgesic effect without opioid including µ2 receptor activity and may not produce the side effects caused by activation of µ2 receptors.}, Keywords = {Adverse drug reaction, Analgesia, Traditional medicine}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-628-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-628-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {KhezriluBandli, J and Heidari, R}, title = {The Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds in Leaves and Inflorescence of Artemisia dracunculus L. by HPLC}, abstract ={Background: Artemisia dracunculus L. belongs to the Anthemideae tribe of Asteraceae family. This plant has been used in traditional folk medicine. Also, it's anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity has been proved. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaves and inflorescence of A. dracunculus and also to identify its phenolic compounds. Methods: A. dracunculus was collected in inflorescenceing season from Urmia. In this study, phenolic and flavonoid content, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity for methanol extracts of leaves and inflorescences of A. dracunculus were investigated. Also, phenolic compounds were determined and measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Phenolic content of methanolic extracts of inflorescence of the A. dracunculus showed higher values than leaves. The highest flavonoid content was determined in leaves. There was a positive correlation between total phenolic content and the percentage of DPPH radical scavenging. Based on the results of the HPLC, seven phenolic compounds were detected in leaves and inflorescences (gallic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, syrinjic acid, ferolic acid, sinapic acid). Conclusion: A. dracunculus contained phenolic compounds and showed significant antioxidant activity. High performance liquid chromatography results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between different parts in case of phenolic compounds.}, Keywords = {Artemisia dracunculus L., Antioxidant activity, HPLC, Phenoic compounds}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-629-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-629-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Foroutannia, A and Mehrafarin, and Hadavi, E and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {The Influences of Bio-stimulators Compounds on Growth Traits and Essential Oil Content of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)}, abstract ={Background: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as a member of the Lamiaceae family is a valuable aromatic and medicinal plant which is cultivated in large scale in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to determine influence of factors affecting plant growth and drug metabolite production. Objectives: This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of bio-stimulators compounds on growth and phytochemical traits of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Methods: This experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Medicinal Plants Institute (MPI) of ACECR in 2013. The treatments included commercial formulations of aminolforte, kadostim, fosnutren, humiforte (each of them at 0.75 and 1.5 L.ha-1), 120 kg.ha-1 chemical fertilizers (N.P.K, 15:8:15%), and control treatment (without any bio-stimulators and chemical fertilizer applications). Results: The effects of treatments were significant (p≤0.01) on all of the traits in a way that the maximum value of plant height (42.94 cm), leaf length (34.92 mm), leaf width (4.2 mm), number of leaves per plant (465 leaves.plant-1), leaf SPAD value (56.1 SPAD), total dry weight (246.78 kg.ha-1) essential oil (1.4%), α-pinene (27.35%), was obtained by foliar application of 1.5 L.ha-1 fosnutren. Also, the highest of collar diameter of stem (10.77 mm) and number of branches per plant (24.63 branches.plant-1) and camphor (9.87%) was observed in chemical fertilizers treatment, 1.5 L.ha-1 aminolforte and humiforte, respectively. In contrast, the least amounts of traits were observed in control treatment. Conclusion: The growth and phytochemical traits of rosemary increased due to foliar application of bio-stimulators compounds.}, Keywords = {Rosmarinus officinalis L., Bio-stimulators, Camphor, Essential oil content, α-pinene}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {51-61}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-630-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-630-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sharifzadeh, M and Ebadi, N and Manayi, A and Kamalinejad, M and Rezaeizadeh, H and Mirabzadeh, M and BonakdarYazdi, B and Khanavi, M}, title = {Effect of Rubia tinctorum L. Extractson Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Rats}, abstract ={Background: Inflammation is a dynamic process that is elicited in response to various harmful stimulantsthat may threaten the well-being of the host. Herbs have been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory agents since very early times. Rubia tinctorum L. is one of these herbs that havebeen used for treating inflammatory diseases in Iranian traditional medicine. Objective: This study aims at considering anti-inflammatory effects of R. tinctorum and comparing its extracts in this property. Methods: The root of Rubia tinctorum (Rubiaceae) was collected from Yazd province, in the center of Iran. The root extracts of plant were studied for their anti-inflammatory activity by using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in Wistarmale rats. Indomethacin and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Different concentrations of aqueous, ethanolic, and 50% aq. ethanolic extracts (600, 800, 1000 mg/kg) were given orally before carrageenan injection. The paw thickness was measured at 1, 3 and 5 hours after injection. Results: Both, aqueous and 50% eq. ethanolic extracts reduced paw edema at 600 and 800 mg/kg concentrations. Moreover, ethanolic extract showed significant effect only in1sthour after carrageenan injection. Conclusion: The results indicated that the aqueous extract were exhibited higher anti-inflammatory effect compared with other extracts. Accordingly, the potent anti-inflammatory effect of the root extracts is attributed to the polar compounds which are extracted in the water.}, Keywords = {Rubia tinctorum, Rubiaceae, Anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan, Paw edema}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {62-70}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-631-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-631-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Tavakoli, M and NaghdiBadi, H and Rafiee, H and Labbafi, MR and GhorbaniNohooji, M and Zand, E and Mehrafarin, A}, title = {Physico-chemical Properties of Seeds in Valuable Medicinal Species of the Genus Salvia L.}, abstract ={Background: The seeds of some medicinal plants and their compounds have long been valued for their numerous health benefits. Objective: To investigate some physical and chemical properties of Salvia spp. Methods: Some physico-chemical properties in five species of Salvia seeds (consisted of S. officinalis L., S. macrosiphon L., S. hypoleuca L., S. sclarea L. and S. nemorosa L.) were measured at 8.73 ± 0.09% moisture content (d.b.) in four categories of large, medium, small size and ungraded lots with replication. Results: The largest major diameter (L1) value was recorded in S. hypoleuca L. The highest intermediate (L2) and minor diameters (L3), seed weight, volume, surface area, sphericity, arithmetic, geometric and square mean diameters, equivalent diameter and mucilage content were obtained in S. officinalis L. seeds. Also, the most percentage of oils content was observed in S. sclarea seeds. Maximum kurtosis index was obtained in S. officinalis L. for major and minor diameter, surface area, sphericity, arithmetic, geometric and square mean diameters and equinalant diameter, in S. hypoleuca L. for intermediate diameter and seed volume, and in S. nemorosa L. for seed weight. The highest skewness index was observed in S. hypoleuca L. for minor diameter, seed volume, surface area, arithmetic and square mean diameter and equivalent diameter, in S. nemorosa L. for major diameter and seed weight, in S. officinalis L. for intermediate diameter and sphericity, and in S. sclarea L. for geometric mean diameter. Conclusion: The maximum content of mucilage and oils were found in S. officinalis and S. sclarea, respectively. The mucilage content was significantly correlated to minor diameter and sphericity, while there was not significant correlation between content of seed oils and measured parameters.}, Keywords = {Salvia officinalis, S. macrosiphon, S. hypoleuca, S. sclarea, S. nemorosa, Physico-chemicalproperties, Seed}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {71-83}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-632-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-632-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hovanloo, F and ShahvaliKoohshoori, Y and Teimoorian, M and Saadati, M and FallahHuseini, H}, title = {The Effect of Aerobic Training Combined and Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Extract Consumption on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Background: Type 2 diabetes is a global health problem and a major cause of illness. Exercise, diet and medication are the three pillars in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training combined with green tea hydroalcoholic extract consumption on blood glucose and lipid profile on diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in 40 male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50 ml/kg streptozocin. After two weeks the diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose of 150 to 300 mg/dl were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each and named as: aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise with green tea, green tea, and control. Aerobic exercise was performed as running on Treadmill for 5 days a week daily for 30-90 minutes with Treadmill speed of 18 -24 meters per minute. Green tea extract (100 mg/kg) was gavages once a day for 5 weeks. At baseline and endpoint fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglyceride levels were determined in all groups. Results: Fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly in all groups but triglyceride and cholesterol decreased in aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise + green tea groups at end point compared with baseline and also compared with control group. Fasting blood LDL-c level significantly decreased and HDL-c level significantly increase, in aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise with green tea at end point compared with baseline and also compared with control and green tea group. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise favorably affects glucose and lipid profile and in combination with green tea it has synergistic effects.}, Keywords = {Aerobic exercise, Green tea, Lipid profile, Glucose, Rat}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {84-92}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-633-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-633-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Nikkhah, F and Abdossi, V and Sefidkon, F and SharifiAshoorabadi, E and Dehghani-Mashkani, MR}, title = {The Effect of Distillation Methods and Plant Growth Stages on the Essential Oil Content and Composition of Thymus daenensis}, abstract ={Background: Thymus daenensis is on e of the endemic aromatic species in Iran that its essential oil is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Objective: In this study, the effects of plant growth stages and distillation methods on essential oil content and thymol percentage of this species were evaluated. Methods: The aerial parts of Th. daenensis were collected in three stages of plant growth from Tehran province of Iran. The plant materials were dried in shade and their essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation in three replications. In addition, the essential oils of plant materials at full flowering stage were obtained by hydro-distillation, water&steam distillation and steam distillation. The essential oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Results: The result showed that the different plant growth stages and distillation methods had significant effect on essential oil content. The highest essential oil content was obtained at full flowering stage (2.28% w/w). Among distillation methods, the highest essential oil content was obtained by hydro-distillation (2.27%) that was significant difference with other distillation method. There was no significant difference between essential oil composition at different plant growth stages. Also, thymol, p-cymene and -terpinene were the main components. The highest percentage of thymol was obtained by hydro-distillation. Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that harvesting of Th. daenensis at full flowering stage and extraction of its essential oil by hydro-distillation were more suitable for obtaining the higher oil content and thymol percentage.}, Keywords = {Thymus daenensis, Distillation methods, Essential oil, Plant growth stages, Thymol}, volume = {13}, Number = {51}, pages = {93-100}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-634-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-634-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Khanahmadi, M and Hajiaghaee, R and Ghasemi, S and Akhondzadeh, S and Azadmehr, A and Ashouri, N and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Medicinal Properties of Dye - yelding Plants: A Review}, abstract ={Dyes are one of the most widely used components in different industries. Recently much attention has been focused on the replacement of natural pigments instead of synthetic colors. One of the most important sources for the production of natural pigments are medicinal plants that small number of them used as industrial and some of them are traditionally used. The worldwide demand for natural dyes increases nowadays due to environmental and echo friendly of them. Many of the plants used for dye extraction are classified as medicinal and some of these have recently been shown to possess remarkable antimicrobial and antiinflamtory activities. The present review describes important information about dye-yelding herbs and their medicinal properties.}, Keywords = {Dye-yelding herbs, Medicinal plants, Natural dyes, Pigments}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {1-25}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-867-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-867-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ziaei, M and Sharifi, M and NaghdiBadi, H and Tahsili, J and GhorbaniNohooji, M}, title = {A Review on Ocimum basilicum L. Medicinal Plant with a Focus on the most Important Secondary Compounds and its Medicinal and Agronomic Properties}, abstract ={Basil (Ocimum basilicum), a member of Lamiaceae family, is used in traditional Iranian medicine. Essential oils of basil leaves are composed of phenylpropanoids which are important in treatment of headaches, diarrhea, coughs, warts, worms and kidney malfunctions. The most important phenylpropanoid compounds contain eugenol, chavicol, methyl eugenol, methyl chavicol, myristicin, methyl cinnamat and elemicin. Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids that passes from shikimate pathway, are regulated by an enzyme group. Phenylalanine amonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4 - hydroxylase (C4H), 4 - coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), P- coumarate 3-hydroxilase (C3H) and O - methyltransferases (EOMT, CVOMT, COMT) are known as key enzymes regulating at production of phenylpropanoids. The phenylpropanoids are also produced in the area of stress conditions and maintained the plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. The purpose of this study is introducing Basil and its medicinal usages in Iran and an overview of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as an important part of the essence in basil and its evaluation of agronomic characteristics.}, Keywords = {Agronomic characteristics, Basil (<,i>,Ocimum basilicum<,/i>,), Essential oils, Medicinal usages, Phenylpropanoids}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {26-40}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-868-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-868-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {SoltanDallal, MM and Yazdi, MH and Aghaamiri, S and HaghighatKhajavi, SH and AbediMohtasab, TP and AminHarati, F and GorbanzadehMeshkani, M}, title = {Antimicrobial Effect of Zataria multiflora and Rosemarinus officinalis on Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food}, abstract ={Background: Staphylococcus aureuse is one of the important pathogens which transmitted by food and has majority of habitant in human and animal community as a pathogen and normal flora. Antibiotic resistant among Staphylococcus aureuse strains is a global health challenge. Objective: Regarding to the different therapeutic and antimicrobial effect of Shirazi Zataria multiflora and Rosemarinus officonalis in present work the antibacterial effect of this extract and its synergistic effect with routine antibiotics was investigated. Methods: In this in vitro study the antimicrobial effect of Shirazi Zataria multiflora and Rosemarinus officonalis extract on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other antibiotic resistant strains to tetracycline, erithromycine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazol, together with its MIC and MBC were determined. Also synergistic effect of these extracts with these antibiotics was investigated by paper disc method. Results: Shirazi Zataria multiflora, had a significant antibacterial effect against MRSA, and other Staphylococcus aureus resistant strain to tetracycline, erithromycine, trimethoprim, and sulfametoxazol, isolated from food. Conclusion: Production of a suitable herbal medicine with few side effects will give rise to a promising outlook in the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Rosemarinus officinalis<,/i>,, <,i>,Staphylococcus aureus<,/i>,, <,i>,Zataria multiflora<,/i>,, Antibiotic Resistance, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {41-47}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-869-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-869-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Afzalzadeh, MR and Papahn, AA and Amirzargar, A and KazemiVarnamkhasti, M and Ganjali, H and Gharibmombeni, E}, title = {Effect of Vitis vinifera Seed Extract on some of the Reproductive Parameters in Adult Male Rat}, abstract ={Background: Grape seed extract (GSE) (Vitis vinifera L., Vitacease) has been reported to have many biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidative affects also it used traditionally to treat constipation, gastritis and etc. On the other hand, it said that used of GSE can reduced sperms. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of decrease and immobilization grape seed hydroalcoholic extract (GSHE) on sperm parameters in adult male rat. Methods: In this study eighteen sexually mature male Wistar rats (5 - 6 month old) weighing between 250 - 300 g were used randomly and divided into three groups of 6 rats each. Crushed grape seeds were extracted in ethanol, and the two doses of it (250 and 500 mg/kg) was administered into two experimental groups, so the control group only received 1ml normal saline by gavage for 42 days consecutively. 24h after last dosage, all the animals were anesthetized. Then, their couda epididymis and testes were isolated and they were put into normal saline separately after that, sperm motility, total sperm and daily sperm production were measured. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in cauda epididymal, testicular sperm counts and daily sperm production, also percent of sperm-progressive motility in comparison with control group (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Our results of this study show that GSHE causes significant decrease in the sperm motility, count and daily sperm production without any change in body and accessory sex glands weight.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Vitis vinifera<,/i>,, Grape, Rat, Seed, Sperm}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {48-54}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-870-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-870-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shariatzadeh, SMA and Hamta, A and Soleimani, M and FallahHuseini, H and Samavat, S}, title = {The Cytotoxic Effects of Silymarin on the 4T1 Cell Line Derived from BALB/c Mice Mammary Tumors}, abstract ={Background: There is an increasing interest in identifying potent cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. Silymarin is a flavonoids complex extracted from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seeds. Silymarin was found clinically successful in the treatment of various liver diseases. Silymarin is in the focus of cancer researchers due to its high antioxidant properties. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of silymarin on 4T1 cells and compared with taxol. Methods: 4T1 cell line (BALB/c mouse mammary tumors) was cultured in RPMI medium containing FBS 10%. Cells were incubated with 5% CO2 in presence of different concentration of silymarin (25-50-75-100-125 µg/ml), taxol (1.25-2.5-5-10-20 nM) and combination of silymarin and taxol separately for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT staining. The cells morphology was studied using fluorescent dye (Hochest, propidium iodide). Results: Silymarin and taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell in a dose and time dependent manner. Condensation and deformation of the nuclei were also observed similarly for both treatments. In combination treatment silymarin enhanced the sensitivity of 4T1 cells to taxol in all doses. Conclusion: The cytotoxic effect of silymarin on mouse mammary tumors was comparable to taxol cytotoxicity. Treatment cells with combination of silymarin and taxol improved the cytotoxic effect of taxol.}, Keywords = {Cytotoxic, Silymarin, Taxol, 4T1 cell line}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {55-65}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-871-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-871-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Keshtmand, Z and Oryan, Sh and Ghanbari, A and Khazaee, M}, title = {Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract Tribulus terrestris on Cisplatin Cytotoxicity on Sperm Viability and Count in Mice}, abstract ={Background: Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. The side effects of this drug include anoretic, nausea, decrease in genital gland function, azoospermia and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris has many compounds mostly, that caused antioxidant and protective properties. Objective: The purpose of the present study to investigate protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract Tribulus terrestris on cisplatin cytotoxicity on sperm viability and count in mice. Methods: Cisplatin and Tribulus terrestris extract were given to 30 mice for a period of 4 days. The mice were weighted and after anesthesia, their epididymis was taken out and sperm viability and sperm count were investigated, Student t-test was applied for the statistical analysis. Results: The results show that cisplatin alone leads to a reduction in body and epididymis weight, and sperm count and sperm viability compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the group that used cisplatin along with Tribulus terrestris extract, as the dose of extract increased, the body and epididymis weight, sperm count and viability sperm increased in compared to the cisplatin group. Conclusion: It seems, the existing compounds in Tribulus terrestris extract can control active metabolites caused by cisplatin and the destructive effect of this drug. Prescribing Tribulus terrestris extract along with cisplatin can possibly be beneficial and effective due to the anti-oxidant characteristics of Tribulus terrestris and also its effect on reducing harmful metabolites.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Tribulus terrestris<,/i>,, Cisplatin, Sperm coun, Sperm viability}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {66-72}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-872-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-872-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ayobi, H and Jamalifar, H and PourMohammadi, F and Goodarzi, S and Fazeli, MR and Attar, F and Hadjiakhoondi, A and Yassa, N}, title = {Antibacterial Effects of Scrophularia striata Extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, abstract ={Background: Scropholaria striata Boiss. From Scropholariaceae (Teshnehdari in folklore of Ilam Province, Iran) is used for treatment of infectious disease of urinary tract especially in females. Objective: In this research for finding of the most effective part of the plant, crude extract of the aerial parts of S. striata and its different fractions was investigated on the 50 resistant strains of Psudomonas aeroginosa. Methods: Crude extract of the plant and its various fractions (chloroform, methanol and water) were prepared. Bacterial strains were collected from 3 hospitals and 50 resistant strains were isolated from the culture medium containing various antibiotics. Efficacy of the all fractions was investigated on these resistant bacterial strains. Result: Water and methanol fractions of the plant were showed more antibacterial activity on 50 resistant strains of P. aeroginosa than crude extract (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) and water fraction was showed stronger effect than methanol fraction (p=0.001). Chloroform fraction of the plant had no antibacterial activity on this resistant strain. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the water extract of Scropholaria striata can be used as a remedy for the treatment of the infections caused by Psudomonas aeroginosa.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Pseudomonas aeruginosa<,/i>,, <,i>,Scrophularia striata<,/i>,, Antibacterial effects, Scropholariaceae}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {73-80}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-873-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-873-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Yaghoobi, M and Miri-Moghaddam, E and Navidian, A and Nikbakht, R and Mehrafarin, A and FallahHuseini, H}, title = {Safety and Efficacy of Processed Citrullus colocynthis L. Fruit in Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Type II Diabetic Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background: Due to high prevalence of diabetes with hyperlipidemia and associated high risk of cardiovascular disease, much interest exists for safe medications including medicinal plants. Considering traditional use of Citrullus colocynthis L. (C. colocynthis) for treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia despite toxicity, clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of the processed C. colocynthis fruit is necessary. Objective: In this clinical trial the safety and efficacy of the processed C. colocynthis fruit in hyperlipidemic type II diabetic patients were evaluated. Methods: 60 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients were randomly allocated to C. colocynthis and placebo groups, but only 28 patients in each group completed the study. The patients in C. colocynthis and placebo groups were treated with processed C. colocynthis (100 mg) and placebo capsules (100 mg) three times a day respectively for 1 month. The fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels as primary outcome and aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and creatinine levels as secondary outcome were measured in both groups at the baseline and the endpoint. Results: In the C. colocynthis group fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly reduced at the endpoint compared with the baseline. There were no significant changes in any blood parameters in C. colocynthis group compared with placebo at the endpoint. There were no gastrointestinal, liver and kidney function adverse effects during the study in both groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that processed C. colocynthis fruit extract may be a safe anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic agent in hyperlipidemic type II diabetic patients.}, Keywords = {<,i>,C. colocynthis<,/i>,, Hyperlipidemia, Medicinal plants, Type II diabetes}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-874-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-874-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghorbanpour, M and Hosseini, N and KhodaeMotlagh, M and Solgi, M}, title = {The Effects of Inoculation with Pseudomonads Rhizobacteria on Growth, Quantity and Quality of Essential Oils in Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Plant}, abstract ={Background: rhizobacteria are specific group of soil microorganisms that aggressively colonize the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, and substantially improve plant growth and efficiency via direct or indirect mechanisms. Objective: To investigate the growth promoting effects of rhizobacteria strains on cuttings growth and variations of essential oils content and yield in Salvia officinalis. Methods: In this research, different rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (strains 41 and 159) and fluorescence (strain 23) with different growth promoting characteristics was used first on stem cuttings and later on aerial parts of S. officinalis L. (with final concentration of 109 CFU/ml). The essential oils were isolated from aerial parts of the plants by hydro-distillation method and then subjected to GC and GC-MS apparatus to determine the oil constituents. Results: Results showed that the dry weight of above and below ground parts of plants were increased in response to employed rhizobacteria inoculation. The highest root and leaf dry weight were observed in plants treated with Putida strain 159 which is caused increase of 45% and 33% compared to control untreated plants, respectively. Also, the highest essential oil yield was obtained in plants treated with putida strains, and the lowest of that was gained in control plants and also plants treated with fluorescence strain. The most abundant essential oil components were cis-Thujone, camphor, 1,8-cineol, camphene, α-pinene, viridiflorol, α-humulene, borneol and trans-meta-mentha-2 ,8-diene. Conclusion: Results from the current research indicate the plants inoculation with rhizobacteria had positive impact only on the major constituents of the essential oil compared to controls.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Salvia officinalis<,/i>,, Biotic elicitors, <,i>,cis<,/i>,-Thujone, Essential oil, Growth, Rhizobacteria}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {89-100}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-875-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-875-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gholipour, A and GhorbaniNohooji, M and Rasuli, N and Habibi, M}, title = {An Ethnobotanical Study on the Medicinal Plants of Zarm-rood Rural District of Neka (Mazandaran Province)}, abstract ={Background: Medicinal usage of plants is a main part of indigenous people culture which has been formed during centuries in rural area. This knowledge is regarded as a suitable guideline to discovering of novel drugs in modern medicine. Objective: This study has tried to determine and introduce the medicinal plant species, the parts and the way of usage of plants of Zaram-rood in Neka area (North of Iran) using indigenous people questioning. Methods: The flora of the region was studied during the years of 1391 and 1392. At first, the villages and paths were carefully identified by using the appropriate geographical maps and the information was gathered by interviewing with knowledgeable indigenous people. The plant samples were collected from their natural habitats and identified by floristic references. They were deposited in Sari Payame Noor University Herbarium. Results: A total of 64 medicinal plant species belonging to 51 genera and 34 families were collected and identified. The largest families from the viewpoint of species number are Rosaceae and Lamiaceae with 9 and 7 species, respectively. The most medicinal effects were observed in remedy of digestive, blood circulation, and urine excretion system disorders. Amongst identified medicinal plants, 16 species were introduced with new usages. Conclusion: Ethnobotanical knowledge of the area has more remained in old people memory and it is possible to be vanished in later decades. As a result, documenting of this knowledge is necessary. Moreover, there is a good chance to find species with more and useful pharmacological features through ethnobotanical studies.}, Keywords = {Ethnobotany, Mazandaran Province, Medicinal Plants, Vernacular knowledge, Zarm-rood rural district}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {101-121}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-876-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-876-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rahimifard, N and Bagheri, E and Asgarpanah, G and KabiriBalajadeh, B and Yazdi, HR}, title = {Antibacterial Activity of Total Extract, Petroleum Ether, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Aqueous Fractions of Aerial Parts of Heliotropium bacciferum}, abstract ={Background: Heliotropium bacciferum is one of the plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae, which is Restricted distribution in the south of Iran. It is used for Hypotension, fever, stomach ulcers in traditional medicine. Objective: In this study, the antibacterial effects of extracts and fractions of chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous, aerial parts of Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk was evaluated against five bacterial strains. Methodes: The methanol extract were prepared using the percolation method. Fractions of chloroform, Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous respectively by Liquid - Liquid fractionation of the total extract were prepared. The antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria, three Gram negative bacterial using Minimum inhibitory concentration in microplate and well plate method. Results: Results showed that H. bacciferum extracts exhibited a significant activity against strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis. MIC and well plate is between 7.6-125 µg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that extracts of the plant H. bacciferum has a antimicrobial effect against strains are listed And among the extracts, aqueous part is that most antibacterial effect of the other fraction and then methanolic extract has the greatest effect.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Heliotropium bacciferum<,/i>,, Antimicrobial activity, MIC, Microplate, Well plate}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {122-135}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-878-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-878-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Azimi, MH and NaghdiBadi, H and KalateJari, S and Abdossi, V and Mehrafarin, A}, title = {Comparison of Essential Oils Composition in Iranian Populations of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen.}, abstract ={Background: Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. is an Iranian medicinal plants that grows in different areas of Iran such as Mazandaran, Gilan, Azarbayejan, Kurdistan and Tehran. Objective: The objective was to identify the essential oil content and composition in 15 Iranian populations of T. kotschyanus. Methods: The essential oils content and composition of 15 Iranian populations of T. kotschyanus were studied in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The aerial parts of thyme populations were harvested in the full blooming stage. The essential oils contents were obtianed by clevenger apparatus. For accurate measurement of the essential oils compounds, the oil samples analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results: The results showed that the populations of T. kotschyanus had significant (p<0.01) differences in respect of essential oil contents. The highest essential oil content was found in the populations of Tehran, East Azarbayjan-I and East Azarbayjan-IV. The maximum thymol content was identified in the Kordestan-I population (40.42%) and the highest content of carvacrol was related to Kerman (33.08) and Zanjan-III (30.49%) populations, respectivily. Also, the thyme populations had significantly (p<0.01) differences in essential oil compositions except of carvacrol. Generally, 23 compounds in the essential oils were identified. The main constituents were carvacrol, thymol, borneol, 1.8-cinole, cymne (ortho), carvacrol methyl ether, (z)caryophyllene, camphor, and linalool. Conclusion: Although, the populations of T. kotschyanus were planted in the same ecological and agronomical conditions, they had significant differences in terms of phytochemical traits, which probably could be due the genetic factors.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Thymus kotschyanus<,/i>,, Essential oils, Phytochemical variation}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {136-146}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-879-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-879-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gohari, AR and Salimikia, I and Dastjerdi, R and Saeidnia, S and Manayi, A and MonsefEsfahani, HR}, title = {Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Secondary Metabolites from Aerial Part of Hippomarathrum microcarpum}, abstract ={Background: Apiaceae family is one of the largest plant families with wide distribution all around the world. The genus Hippomarathrum has 28 species around the world which among them the species H. microcarpum outspread in the North, Northwest, West and Central of Iran, and also Turkey, Caucasus and Iraq. Objective: In this study, the main compounds in ethyl acetate extract from aerial parts of the plant Hippomarathrum microcarpum have been studied. Methods: The isolation and purification of the compounds were carried out using column chromatography. The structure of isolated compound established according 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. Results: Two coumarins (osthole and isoimperatorin) and one sterol (β-sitosterol) have been isolated and identified from ethyl acetate extract. Conclusion: The presence of coumarines like osthole and isoimperatorin in H. microcarpum cause of the importance of this plant. This coumarines have verity of usages in traditional medicine and recent studies have supported most of these usages and revealed new effects of these coumarines. As regard that more research haven't been done about this plant and also because of significance effects of isolated coumarines, it seems necessary to perform further studies on biological effects of this plant.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Hippomarathrum microcarpum<,/i>,, Isoimperatorin, Osthole, β-sitosterol}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {147-153}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-880-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-880-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shooshtari, L and Etminan, A and Mehrafarin, A and Qaderi, A}, title = {Genetic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Tissue Culture-derived Plants in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar) under Different Concentrations of Growth Regulators}, abstract ={Background: The genetic diversity among plants derived from tissue culture is called somaclonal variation, which provides a valuable source of genetic variation for the improvement of medicinal plants. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of molecular markers in detection of somaclonal variation and to assess the importance of DNA methylation in occurrence of genomic changes. Methods: The genomic DNA of a normal plant and eight abnormal regenerated plants from calluses cultured in different conditions were extracted using modified Delaporta method. The AFLP procedure was performed with application of two different double digestion methods using restriction enzymes. The digested fragments were ligated to appropriate adaptors and amplification was carried out using appropriate primers. Also percentage and component of essential oil were indicated by GC/MS analysis. Results: Analysis of banding patterns showed high differences in amount of polymorphism detected between two different double digestion methods. According to the results of cluster analysis based on the Jaccard's similarity coefficient, all tested plants divided into two main group. While the first group contained only normal sample, other abnormal samples were placed in the second group. Phytochemical analysis showed that the important secondary metabolites such as Limonene, Fenchone, Estragole ,Anethole didn’t produce in invitro culture condition. In contrast some metabolites like Cineol, Terpineol, 2,4 Decadienal produce just in invitro culture. Conclusion: The results indicated that the used method has the potential to be used for assessment of somaclonal variations in regenerated plants. Additionally, considering characters of served enzymes in this study, phenotypic variations in abnormal plants that are resulted from somaclonal variation can be related to genome methylation.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Foeniculum vulgar<,/i>,, Methylation, Somaclonal variation, Tissue culture}, volume = {13}, Number = {52}, pages = {154-162}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-881-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-881-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2014} }