@article{ author = {Foroozandeh-Shahraki, A and Mehrafarin, A and Akhondzadeh, S and NaghdiBadi, H and Qaderi, A and Hajiaghaee, R and Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F and GhorbaniNahooji, M}, title = {Analytical Review on Persian Poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) as a Native and Economical Medicinal Plant}, abstract ={Persian poppy or great scarlet poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is proposed as a new source of raw material for codeine production and addiction treatment. This species as a native plant is growing in North and West of Iran. As for possible of illegal cultivation of opium poppy, cultivation of Persian poppy in Iran was associated with restrictions and despite the being abundant biodiversity of this plant in Iran, this plant was not considered yet. However, Persian poppy is lacking in morphine and rich in the baine. It has appropriate potential for domestication, mass production, and industrial processing as a valuable medicinal plant. For this reason, in this study was investigated kind of traits in this plant.}, Keywords = {Papaver bracteatum, Lindl., Alkaloid, Thebaine}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-56-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kianbakht, S}, title = {Pharmacological Studies in Phytotherapy of Acne and Infectious Skin Diseases: a Systematic Review}, abstract ={The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of acne and other infectious skin diseases is very common. Here, pharmacological studies on the medicinal plants which may be effective in the treatment of acne and infective skin diseases published in the databases PubMed and Scopus from the beginning of the year 1980 to the end of April of the year 2013 have been searched and discussed. Keywords including medicinal plants, herbs, botanicals, phytomedicine, phytotherapy, herbal therapy and herbal medicine with dermatology, skin, acne vulgaris, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antimicrobial were entered in the databases. Totally 56 articles concerning clinical and nonclinical studies were found. Afterward, the quality of each study was determined. Examples of such plants include Vitex agnus-castus, Ocimum gratissimum, Aloe vera, Solanum dulcamara, Commiphora mukul, Mahonia aquifolium, Melaleuca alternifolia, species of the genus Eucalyptus, Camellia sinensis and Allium sativum. Medicinal plants can have an important role in the treatment of acne and other infectious skin diseases. However, scant studies have been conducted in this field so far and more studies especially on the efficacy and safety of the plants’ clinical use in humans are needed.}, Keywords = {Acne, Infectious diseases, Medicinal plants, Skin}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {13-24}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hasanloo, T and Ahmadi, M and KhayyanNequei, SM and SalehiJouzani, GR}, title = {Elicitation Effects of Fungal Extracts on Silymarin Accumulation in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Hairy Root Culture}, abstract ={Background: Silymarin, extracted from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) is mostly used for liver disease treatment. Hairy root cultures derived from S. marianum are able to produce silymarin. Objective: Elicitation of hairy root cultures is an important strategy for improving the production of secondary metabolites. The elicitors could be changed metabolite biosynthesis pathway and are useful for study of cell signaling pathway. Methods: In this study after preparation of S. marianum hairy root cultures, the effects of various levels of Fusarium oxysprum and Phytophtora meloni extract (0, 10 and 20 mg 50 ml-1 culture) in 4 different exposure times (0, 24, 48 and 72 h) have been investigated on flavonolignans production. The flavonolignans were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. Results: Our results showed that hairy root cultures of S. marianum were consisted of a large number of flavonolignans including silychristin, silydianin, silybin, isosilybin and taxifolin. The highest production of silymarin (0.32 mg g-1 DW) was observed in F. oxysprum elicited root cultures (10 mg/50 ml culture) after 72h (2.28- fold that of the control). In Ph. meloni treated root cultures (20 mg/50 ml culture), the maximum silymarin production (0.13 mg g-1 DW) was obtained after 72 h (1.9- fold that of the control). Conclusion: In this experiment it has been concluded that hairy root cultures of S. marianum are susceptible to elicitation by fungal elicitors and is useful for efficient large-scale production of silymarin by hairy root cultures of S. marianum.}, Keywords = {Silybum marianum, Elictation, Fungal extract, Hairy root, Silymarin}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {25-39}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-58-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Etminan, A and Shooshtari, L and Ghorbanpour, M and Mehrafarin, A and Qaderi, A}, title = {The Improvement of RAPD-PCR Molecular Marker Efficiency in Detection of Polymorphism in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar) Using Restriction Enzymes}, abstract ={Background: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar) is a medicinal plant species in the Apiaceae family with culinary and medicinal uses. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of enzymatic digestion of PCR product in improvement of the efficiency of RAPD markers. Methods: Nine RAPD primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of fifteen accessions of Fennel. Following amplification, a part of PCR products was digested with two restriction enzymes (EcoRI and MseI). Both of digested and undigested PCR products were separated on agarose gel electrophoresis. The accessions were grouped by cluster analysis and polymorphic information content index was calculated for each marker. Also percentage and component of essential oil were indicated by GC/MS analysis. Results: The comparison of banding patterns of digested and undigested PCR products revealed that digestion of RAPD-PCR product using a four base cutter enzyme such as Mse I shows a higher level of polymorphism as compared to standard RAPD. Cluster analysis based on data obtained by modified RAPD classified accessions more suitable as compared to standard RAPD data. There was no correlation between genetic diversity and metabolic yield. Conclusion: Restriction enzymes have enormous potential to improve the efficiency of RAPD markers in evaluation of genetic diversity across genome.}, Keywords = {Foeniculum vulgar, Enzymatic digestion, Essential oil, Genetic diversity, RAPD}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {40-53}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-59-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Noorimoogahi, SMH and Khanehzad, M and Sadr, M and Roholahi, SH and Kameli, SM}, title = {Comparative Effects of Alcea sulphurea and Bromhexine HCL on Mucociliary System of Chicken Trachea}, abstract ={Background: Alcea sulphurea (A.S) with various drug effects, especially on mucociliary system as dilutor drug and sputum collection is known. Objective: This study examined the comparative effects of A.S and Bromhexine HCL (B.H) on mucociliary system chicken trachea. Methods: In this experimental study 30 Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into five groups of six. One group was considered as Control and the other four groups during 12 days received oral B.H, oral A.S extract, nebulas normal saline and Nebulized A.S extract respectively. After 12 days the chicks were killed and the biopsy samples from the middle tracheal were taken for histopathology study using PAS methods under Light microscopy. Finally Image tools III Software were used for counting of size and number of mucous glands and cilia. Results: Results of the analysis of data showed a significant increase of number and the size of mucous glands, also the size of cilia in Nebulized A.S group in comparison to Control group, oral B.H, normal saline .The oral A.S extract group showed the increase in numbers and sizes of cilia and mucous glands but they weren’t significant. Conclusion: According to more mucolytic effects of A.S extract than Bromhexine HCL and side effects for drugs mucolytic is recommended to be used that respiratory and inflammatory diseases of the A.S extract.}, Keywords = {Alcea sulphurea, Bromhexine HCL, Chicken trachea, Mucociliary system}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {54-61}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ataee, M and AkhondzadehBasti, A and ZahraeiSalehi, T and Hosseini, H and GandomiNasrabadi, H and Noori, N and Khanjari, A and TaheriMirghaed, A and MohammadkhanF, and FaghihFard, P}, title = {Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil on Growth Curve and Shigatoxin 2 Production of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7}, abstract ={Background: Zataria multiflora Boiss. is one of the Iranian traditional spices and it has antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic bacteria which are agents for some current foodborne intoxications. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (EO) for Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 35°C, the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of EO on growth curve of bacteria up to 24 hours at 25 and 35°C and also production of shigatoxin 2 (Stx2), at 35°C has been determined. Results: MIC and MBC of EO which have been evaluated were 0.04 and 0.06%, respectively the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of EO on bacterial growth curve during 24 hours has been determined by spectrophotometer device at 25 and 35°C and also production of shigatoxin 2 (Stx2), at 35°C has been determined. Subihibitory concentrations of EO, significantly, decreased the production of Stx2 at 35°C in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The results showed that Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and it can be used as a natural preservative in food industry.}, Keywords = {Zataria multiflora Boiss., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigatoxin}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {62-71}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Yari, S and Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F and Moradi, P}, title = {Effects of Different Levels of Zeolite on Plant Growth and Amount of Gel Production in Aloe vera L. under Different Irrigation}, abstract ={Background: Researchers' attention has been focused on Aloe vera for a long time due to the numerous medicinal effects of this plant and its application in various fields of food, cosmetic and hygienic industries. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of Zeolite and irrigation conditions on vegetative growth and quantitative and qualitative changes in plant gel. Methods: It is based on a factorial randomized complete block design with 4 levels of Zeolite in soil and 3 levels of irrigation, in 3 replications. After 5 months, morphological traits were measured. Also the amount of aloin in leaf and vitamin C in the gel were measured. Results: The best results of morphological traits were obtained with 22 g Zeolite treatment in 5 kg pots of soil and 21 days irrigation. The highest amount of aloin was observed in 44 g Zeolite treatment in 5 kg pots of soil with 7 days irrigation. The highest amount of vitamin C was obtained in 44 g Zeolite treatment in 5 kg pots of soil with 14 days irrigation. Conclusion: The overall results showed that zeolite plays an important role in promoting growth and increasing secondary metabolites in plant Aloe vera under different irrigation.}, Keywords = {Aloe vera L., Aloin, Irrigation, Vitamin C, Zeolite}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {72-81}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Bandeh-Ali, E and Keyhanfar, M and Asghari, G}, title = {Improvement of Artemisinin Production in Hairy Roots Culture of Artemisia annua L. by Staphylococcus aureus}, abstract ={Background: Artemisinin is an important plant secondary metabolite with anti-malaria, anti-viral and anti-cancer properties. In recent years many efforts have been made to improve artemisinin production through plant tissue culture (such as hairy roots). Objective: In this study, the effects of Stephylococcus aureus on artemisinin production in hairy roots of Artemisia annua were investigated. Methods: Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains A7 and Ar318 were used for the root induction. Two explants types were prepared, the first was leaf explants cut from both side (explant 1) and the second was, stems which cut from node (explant 2). The bacterial suspensions (A7 and Ar318) were inoculated at the wounding site of explants 1 and node explants 2. Transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by amplification of rolB gene in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gas chromatography (GC) was conducted to determine artemisinin production. Results: About 5 to 10 days after inoculation by A7, hairy roots were appeared at the wounding sites of explants 2. Strain Ar318 could not induce any hairy roots. Also, after treatment with Agrobacterium suspensions, hairy roots were not induced in the explants 1 and explants were necrotic. The artemisinin content in the hairy roots treated with S. aureus suspension was 0.063, 0.133, 0.046 and 0.043 mg/g DW, respectively. Conclusion: Results show that various factors such as type of explants and Agrobacterium strains were effective in hairy roots induction. It seems that Stephylococcus aureus is stimulating the production of artemisinin in hairy roots of Artemisia annua.}, Keywords = {Artemisia annua L., Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Artemisinin, Hairy roots, Stephylococcus aureus}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {82-90}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Majidi, M and Farsi, M and Bahrami, AR and Behravan, J and Marashi, SH}, title = {Cloning, Gene Expression Analysis, and Phylogenic Relationship of dbat Gene from Iranian Endemic Yew (Taxus baccata L.)}, abstract ={Background: Taxol is one of the most important anticancer agents that its supply mainly depends on biological processes. 10 - deacetyl baccatin III- O- acetyl transferase (dbat) gene is one of the key genes in Taxol biosynthetic pathway and it is expected that overexpression of this gene would result in an increased production of taxol in biological systems. Objective: Investigation of dbat gene characteristics from Iranian endemic yew, Gene expression analysis and Construction of overexpression vector for this gene. Methods: First, sequence of the gene was cloned and then, sequence characteristics identified with Bioinformatics analysis. Gene expression analysis was performed under methyl jasmonate elicitation in several time-courses. Finally in order to construct overexpression vector, the sequence was cloned under the control of the CaMV35S promoter in to pCAMBIA1304. Results: Comparison of sequence similarities indicated that this sequence is most similar to Taxus × hunnewelliana. There was one unique amino acid substitution and investigating substituted amino acid revealed that, this replacement can not change overall characteristics of the enzyme and thus it would result in a functional enzyme. Analysis of gene expression showed that in response to methyl jasmonate, gene expression levels increased to maximum rate up to 24 times at 12 hours after elicitation. Finally gene insertion in suitable site of overexpression vector, confirmed by digest with restriction enzymes. Conclusion: Elicitation of shoot cuttings of Taxus would be a suitable alternative for Taxus cell cultures in gene expression analysis. Simplicity, feasibility, and deletion of time-consuming processes of cell culture are its main advantages.}, Keywords = {Taxus, Bioinformatics, Cloning, Elicitor, Gene Overexpression, Taxol}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {91-103}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Moosavy, MH and Mahmoudi, R and Davudi, S and Shavisi, N}, title = {Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mentha spicata Essential Oil and Nisin in Combination on Listeria monocytogenes}, abstract ={Background: Natural biopreservative are as alternative approach for controlling growth of foodborne microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes. Essential oils (EOs) possess antibacterial properties. Mentha is one of the most common aromatic plants that widely used as medicinal and biopreservative in foods. Nisin a well known antibacterial peptide to effectively antagonize a broad spectrum of bacteria, and is widely used as preservative in foods. Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate of the antimicrobial efficacies of nisin and Mentha spicata essential oil in combination against Listeria monocytogenes. The effects of different temperatures (4, 9 and 14°C), pH (5, 6 and 7) and NaCl concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 4%) were determinate. Methods: Description study. Results: Essential oil content of M. Spicata had 18 components. The dominant active components were carvone (78.76%), limonene (11.50%) and menthol (1%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the essential oil and nisin were 160µl/ml and 320IU/ml, respectively. A synergy of low pH values, high temperatures and high NaCl concentrations was observed. Conclusion: Our results found that the combination effects of M. spicata and nisin in all experimental concentrations significantly reduced the numbers of L. monocytogenes.}, Keywords = {Combination effects, Listeria monocytogenes, Mentha spicata, Nisin}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {104-116}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Zarei, A and ChangiziAshtiyani, S and Rezaei, A and Abdolyousefi, N and Ghasemi, A}, title = {The Experimental Study of the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Chelidonium majus on Liver Function Tests and Renal in Rats with Hypercholesterolemia}, abstract ={Background: The People believe that herbal medicines are not toxic, but the toxicity of these drugs are reported to be seen. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic and renal toxicity is Chelidonium majus hydroalcoholic extract. Methods: In this study, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=7), control group with normal diet and sham group with fat diet and experimental groups of animals hypercholesterolemia that received the minimum dose of 100, averaged 200 and maximum dose of 300 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract Chelidonium majus (that collected from farms in the North of the country) by gavage. After this Period (21 days), blood samples were drawn and levels of liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), albumin and total Protein as well as renal creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: The ALT was not seen any significant changes between the groups treated with the extract. AST, albumin, total Protein and creatinine increased, but the amount of ALP decreased significantly in high dose of extract. BUN in groups receiving the at least extract dose was not shown any significant changes compared to the control group but Cholesterol had a decreased significant changes at same dose compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Since the amount of AST, albumin and creatinine extract the maximum dose is increased, especially at doses appear to extract Chelidonium majus have high toxic effects on the liver and kidneys.}, Keywords = {Chelidonium majus, Cholesterol, Kidney, Liver, Rats}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {117-125}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Habibi, Z and Roustaei, E}, title = {Purification and Structured Term in Ation of Compounds in Chloroform Extract of the Aerial Parts of the Plant Ferula hirtella}, abstract ={Background: Ferula is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family Umbelliferae, of which 30 species are found in Iran. Many species of this family possess medicinal qualities and have long been used in traditional medicine. Objective: This research aims to isolate, separate and determine the structure of the compounds found in the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Ferula hirtella. Methods: We collect F. hirtella form the site of its natural habitat in Ābāde, Fars Province. The chloroform extract of the aerial parts is derived and then mixture separation using Column chromatography is performed. Results: Using Column chromatography purification methods, we were able to separate, for the first time, two coumarins, Farneciferol C and Umbelliprenin, and a steroid compound, β-stigmasterol from the chloroform extract of the F. hirtella which were identified using C NMR and H NMR spectral data. Conclusion: A majority of the compounds found in the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of F. hirtella are coumarins. Separation of β-stigmasterol from the chloroform extract of this genus was achieved for the first time.}, Keywords = {Ferula hirtella, Coumarin, Farneciferol C, Umbelliferae, Umbelliprenin, β-stigmasterol}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {126-135}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Nasiri, E and Hosseinimehr, SJ and Azadbakht, M and Madani, SA}, title = {Survey of the Burn Wound Healing by Iranian Traditional Medicine from the Herbalists or Herbal Medicine Vendors in the Mazandaran Province}, abstract ={Background: A Burn injury is a major health problem in the developing countries. Various treatments were applied for treatment of burn wounds by Iranian traditional medicine for thousands of years ago. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural products based on treatment of burn wounds by herbalists or herbal medicine vendors in the Mazandaran province. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study and all herbalists or herbal medicine vendors were enrolled in this study. Snow ball sampling method was used with a questionnaire. Demographic data, methods of treatment for wounds, itching and pain were collected. The results were analysised. Results: In this study, 29 herbal and 4 animal based products were recommended by herbal medicine vendors for treatment of burn wounds. The results showed that 77 percent of respondents to treatment of burn wounds by natural products were recommended. Aloe Vera gel was the first choice for treatment of burn that was recommended by the herbalists. Conclusion: These results are interesting to find new drugs for treatment of burn wound healing with regards to Iranian traditional medicine. Since there are limited animal and clinical studies for approval of these natural products, future studies are needed for assessment of these traditional medicines for treatment of burn injuries.}, Keywords = {Burn wound, Herbal medicine, Herbalists, Iranian Traditional medicine, Natural products}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {136-149}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Talebpour, Z and Najafi, S and Sonboli, A and Firozy, M and Khosroshahi, M}, title = {Comparison of Chemical Compositions of the Tanacetum sonbolii Essential Oils Using Head Space Sorptive Extraction and Hydrodistillation Methods}, abstract ={Background: Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff. is an endemic species of Tanacetum growing in Iran, west Azerbaijan. The composition of its essential oil can be varied due to conditions of selected extraction method. Thus, the selection of suitable extraction method is very effective to obtaine essential oil in native state. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply head space sorptive extraction method at ambient and high temperature condition for essential oil extraction of Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff. Methods: The compositions of extracted essential oils were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Also, solvent, temperature and time of desorption step and time of sorption step that influence on extraction efficiency were optimized. Results: Results indicated that temperature of extraction method had significant effects on essential oil content. Using hydrodistillation method, 26 components, representing 96.5% of the oil were indentified but only 6 compounds (95.6% of the oil) were found in essential oil using HS-SE at real condition (23 oC). Comparison of the major components percent levels of essential oils were shown that 81% of HS-SE essential oil is β- and α-pinene. While using hydrodistillation method, about 50% of essential oil is sesquirerpenes such as α-cadinol and globulol. Conclusion: The sampling of essential oils at 23oC by HS-SE compared to conventional extraction methods at high temperature (such as hydrodistillation) caused to have different extractions results.}, Keywords = {Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff, Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry, Head space sorptive extraction, Hydrodistillation}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {150-159}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {FallahHuseini, H and Asghari, B and Asgarpanah, J and BabaiZarch, A and EghbaliZarch, T}, title = {Effect of Polar and Nom-polar Aloe vera L. Leaf Extracts on α-amylase and α-Glucosidases Inhibitory Activity In vitro}, abstract ={Background: Intestinal α-glucosidase and α-amylase are two carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes that play a key role in conversion of disaccharide to glucose. Inhibition of these two enzymes provides a therapeutic option for treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of different Aloe vera L. extracts against α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro. Methods: Aloe vera L. leaf was collected from the Institute of Medicinal Plants farm and several extracts were prepared by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The inhibitory effects of the extracts were tested on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme separately. In this experiment, the minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition of enzyme activity (IC50), was obtained and compared with acarbose as a positive control. Results: The results showed that total methanol extract of Aloe vera L. leaf had significantly (p<0.001) higher α-amylase inhibitory (28.2 ± 1.3 µg/ml) effect than other solvent fractions but lower than acarbose (25.4 ± 1.9 µg/ml). Furthermore total methanol extract and solvent fractions of methanol and ethyl acetate of Aloe vera L. leaf had significantly (p<0.001) higher inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase enzyme activity (2.3 ± 0.1 µg/ml, 2.7 ± 0.1 µg/ml, 3.4 ± 0.1 µg/ml, respectively) than other solvent fractions as well as compared with acarbose (5.8 ± 0.6 µg/ml). Conclusion: Total methanol extracts of Aloe vera L. leaf has strong α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than chloroform, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent fraction.}, Keywords = {Aloe vera L., Diabetes, Enzyme inhibition, α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {160-169}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Inanloofar, M and Omidi, H and Pazoki, AR}, title = {Morphological, Agronomical Changes and Oil Content in Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Drought Stress and Biological / Chemical Fertilizer of Nitrogen}, abstract ={Background: Purslane is a valuable medicinal plant and study of quantity yield and phytochemical changes of them in drought is necessary. Objective: Determining the effects of nitrogen chemical and biofertilizers on quantity yield and oil content of purslane herb under drought stress and feasibility of replacing chemical fertilizers with biological fertilizers. Methods: This experiment was done in the Research farm of Shahed University in 2012 on the base of split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The irrigation as main factor in levels of 50±3 mm, 100±3 mm and 150±3 mm of evaporation pan and also application of nitrogen fertilizers as subsidiary factor in levels including control (without fertilizer use), about 250 kg/ha fertilizer of urea, incorporation of about 2.5 L/ha of biological fertilizer with 120 kg/ha of chemical fertilizers nitrogen about 2.5 L/ha and biological fertilizer of nitrogen about 5 L/ha were considered. Results: The treatments of drought and fertilizers had significant effects on plant height, fresh weight of leaf, stem, total fresh weight, dry weight of leaf, stem, total dry weight, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), oil content of grain and oil yield (p≤0.01). The highest quality and quantity yield of purslane were obtained on combined treatments of fertilizer and optimal irrigation (3 ± 50) mm evaporation and also the smallest amount of quality and quantity yield of purslane was achieve at control treatment and Severe stress (3 ± 150) ml m evaporation pan. Conjunctive use of bio-fertilizer and chemical treatments under optimum irrigation treatment was increased the oil content about 23% compared to the control. Conclusion: Drought was reduced yield and seed oil content purslane. Conjunctive use of nitrogen bio-fertilizers (NitroxinR) with chemical urea increased yield and quality of Purslane plant. Therefore, the biofertilizers can be an alternative to replacing chemical fertilizers for increasing Purslane production which is in order to minimize of environmental pollution.}, Keywords = {Portulaca oleracea L., Drought stress, Nitrogen bio-fertilizer, Oil content, Oil yield}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {170-184}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F and Ahvazi, M and Ebrahimzadeh, H and Rahimifard, N}, title = {Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil and Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content of the Extract of Nepeta pogonosperma}, abstract ={Background: Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad & Assadi (Labiatae) is one of the endemic Nepeta species in Iran (Alamut region). Flavonoids, iridoids, phenols and dierpenes have previously been reported in some Nepeta species. Genus of Nepeta have essential oil and antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anxiolytic activities and also used in folk medicine because of their expectorant, antiseptic, antitussive, antiasthmatic and febrifuge effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate chemical composition of the essential oil and antioxidant activities, total phenol and flavonoid content of the extract of N. pogonosperma in the flowering stage. Methods: Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the species were measured using colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant capacity was determined by the following methods: ABTS and DPPH free-radicals scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: The extract possessed a higher concentration of total phenol than total flavonoid content. Methanol extract showed moderate DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 < 200 μg/ml). Fifty constituents were found representing 95.95% of the essential oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were 1,8-cineole and 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone. Conclusion: The present results demonstrate that N. pogonosperma extract exhibits antioxidant activity and may serve as potential source of natural antioxidants for treatment of some diseases. Further investigations are necessary for chemical characterization of the active compounds and more comprehensive biological assays.}, Keywords = {Nepeta pogonosperma, Antioxidant activities, Essential oil composition, Iran, Labiatae}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {185-198}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hajiaghaee, R and Heidari, M and Akhondzadeh, S}, title = {Saffron a Prototype Example for Evidence Based Herbal Medicine}, abstract ={Evidence-based medicine is now generally perceived to be the dominant operating system in conventional medicine. Evidence-based medicine developed concurrently with the internet and the world wide web. This is no coincidence since evidence-based medicine suggests a personal responsibility for clinicians to keep abreast of research that would be difficult without the information access that the web provides. Over the last two decades, evidence based herbal medicine has been considered as interesting field. One of prototype example of evidence base medicine is saffron. In this paper, we review saffron from evidence point of view.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer’s disease, Depression, Evidence-based medicine, Saffron}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-74-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Asgarpanah, J and MohammadiMotamed, S}, title = {A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Otostegia persica (Burm.f.) Boiss.}, abstract ={Iran has a great wealth of various naturally occurring medicinal plants which have great potential pharmacological activities. Otostegia persica (Burm.f.) Boiss. is one of these plants which is a perennial shrub found in South and Southeast of Iran. The aerial parts of O. persica have been used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat various types of diseases (e.g., inflammatoryand pain-mediated diseases, malaria and diabetes). Research carried out using different in vivo and in vitro assays of biological evaluation support most of these claims. The active pharmacological components of O. persica most studied are flavonoids and terpenoids. This paper presents the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of this medicinal plant. This is the first article reported in this review form about O. persica which might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find out new in modern health concept.}, Keywords = {Otostegia persica, Lamiaceae, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {8-18}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Qavami, N and NaghdiBadi, H and Labbafi, MR and Mehrafarin, A}, title = {A Review on Pharmacological, Cultivation and Biotechnology Aspects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)}, abstract ={Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants which used in the treatment of liver disorders. The major active constituents in this plant are flavonolignans, collectively known as silymarin which is a mixture of three isomer silybin, silydianin and silycristin. Its therapeutic properties are due to the presence of silymarin. The seeds contain the highest amount of silymarin, but the other plant parts have less amount of this compound. The silymarin content in fruits depends on milk thistle variety and geographic and climatic condition. In this review, we summarized the accomplished investigations on aspects of medicinal, cultivation, biology and biotechnology of milk thistle.}, Keywords = {Silybum marianum, Silymarin, Silybin, Flavonolignan, Cultivation and Medicinal properties}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {19-37}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {ChangiziAshtiyani, S and Zarei, A and Taheri, S and Rezaei, A and Golshan, M and Ghafarzadegan, R}, title = {A Comparative Study of Hypolipidemic Activities of the Extracts of Melissa officinalis and Berberis vulgaris in Rats}, abstract ={Background: Hyperlipidemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an excess of lipids in the bloodstream Objective: Given previous studies on barberry and Melissa officinalis extracts, this study aims at comparing hypolipidemic activities of Melissa officinalis extract and Berberis vulgaris. Methods: For the purpose of this study, 64 Wistar rats were selected and divided into 8 groups (n=8). The control group was administered with ordinary diet the sham group was administered with high-fat diet and intraperitoneally 0.2 ml/dl of the extract solvent (normal saline) and similarly, experimental groups received minimal, moderate and maximum dosages of barberry and Melissa officinalis extracts. The treatment group's was given high-fat diet for 21 days. After this period, blood samples were taken and the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The amount of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were increased in the model group compared to the control group, whereas the same substances were decreased significantly in the group receiving the extract compared to the model group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hypolipidemic properties of alcohol extracts of Melissa officinalis are more effective than those of Berberis vulgaris. Moreover, it should be noted that it is rather the antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis and their effects on the increase in thyroid hormones as well as the presence of alkaloid compounds, such as berberine in Berberis vulgaris, that inhibits cholesterol synthesis and enables its excretion.}, Keywords = {Berberis vulgaris, Melissa officinalis, Cholesterol, Hypolipidemic, Rat}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {38-47}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-77-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rafiee, H and Mehrafarin, A and Qaderi, A and KalateJari, S and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Phytochemical, Agronomical and Morphological Responses of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) to Foliar Application of Bio-stimulators (Bioactive Amino Acid Compounds)}, abstract ={Background: Bio-stimulators as biological substances stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes, which can be increase plants yield and secondary metabolites content. Objective: The aim is to introduce bio-stimulators as bioactive amino acid compounds to increase yield and help to sustainable agriculture. Methods: This experiment was conducted at ACECR on the base of randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011. The treatments were commercial formulations of Aminolforte, Kadostim, Fosnutren, Humiforte (each of them 0.75 and 1.5 L.ha-1), chemical fertilizer NPK (70 kg.ha-1), and control treatment (no foliar application). Results: The treatments had significant effect on the studied parameters except SPAD value. Humiforte 1.5 L.ha-1 caused increase in plant dry weight to 37.46%, capitula dry weight to 36.92%, leaf area to 34.44%, relative water content to 32.03%, harvest index to 20.40%, capitula number/plant to 40.64%, total carbohydrates of capitula to 18.43%, total flavonoids of leaves to 19.35%, and total flavonoids yield of leaves to 38.63% compared to control. The highest amount of total flavonoids in capitula (0.25%, with increase to 32% compared to control) was related to Aminolforte 1.5 L.ha-1. Kadostim 1.5 L.ha-1 increased plant height to 36.83%, leaves number to 26.65% and total flavonoids yield of capitula to 38.82%, total carbohydrates of leaves to 13.52%. Content of N, P and K increased with foliar application of bioactive amino acid compounds. Conclusion: Humiforte and Kadostim 1.5 L.ha-1 were the best treatments in regard to existence of amino acid compounds and macro-nutrients of N, P and K in their formulations.}, Keywords = {Calendula officinalis L., Bioactive amino acid compounds, Morphological and Phytochemical traits}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {48-61}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {FallahHuseini, H and Kianbakht, S and Hoormand, M}, title = {Protective Effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L., Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea Chenault, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and Launaea acanthodes (Boiss.) O. Kuntze against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats}, abstract ={Background: Data suggest that V. arctostaphylos, B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea, E. angustifolia and L. acanthodes may prevent gastric ulcers induced by Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Objective: To explore the ulcer-protective potential of these plants in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: Saline, hydro-alcoholic extract of each plant (100, 400, 800 mg/kg) and omeprazole (30 mg/kg) were gavaged to the groups of animals for 4 consecutive days. Gastric ulcers were induced by the onetime gavage of indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.). On the fifth day, each group was pretreated with physiological saline as control, extract (100, 400 or 800 mg/kg, p.o.) or omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min before the indomethacin administration. The animals were killed 6 h after the indomethacin administration. The stomachs were removed, opened along the greater curvature and washed in physiological saline. A person unaware of the type of treatment received by the animals examined the stomachs under a 3-fold magnifier. The areas and lengths of hemorrhagic lesions induced by indomethacin were measured using a dial caliper and the sum of measurements for each animal was referred to as the ulcer index. Results: All extracts reduced the ulcer index significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These plants prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The efficacy and potency of the gastro-protective effect of L. acanthodes appears to be higher than the other 3 plants.}, Keywords = {Anti-ulcer, Herbal, Medicine, Rat, Traditional}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {62-69}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Sadeghian, F and Hadian, J and Hadavi, M and Mohamadi, A and Ghorbanpour, M and Ghafarzadegan, R}, title = {Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid Application on Growth, Metabolic Activities and Essential Oil Composition of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad}, abstract ={Background: Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, with the common Persian name “marzeh khuzestani”, is an endemic medicinal plant, distributed in the southwestern areas of Iran. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule and a hormone-like substance that plays an important role in the plant physiological processes. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the influence of foliar SA application (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg.L-1) at two times including vegetative stage (VS) and both vegetative and reproductive stages (VS+RS) on growth parameters, enzymes activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), prptein content, essential oil percentage and composition of S. khuzistanica under field conditions. Methods: The essential oils were isolated from aerial flowering parts of the plants by hydro-distillation method and then subjected to GC and GC-MS analyses to determine the oil constituents. Results: Results showed that SA application at 100 and 200 mg.L-1 were the most effective treatments in growth characteristics, but the highest essential oil content and yield was obtained at 400 mg.L-1 SA treatment. In both spraying times, plants treated with 100 and 200 mg.L-1 SA concentration showed more PPO and SOD activity than control plants, respectively. Also, results showed that the 14 compositions were identified in essential oil of plants under all employed treatments. Carvacrol was the major component of oils, which is also showed more variability than that of other components. Conclusion: It was concluded that foliar spray of SA at low concentration once at vegetative and second time at reproductive stage might be employed for enhancing both primary and secondary metabolites production of S. khuzistanica plants.}, Keywords = {Satureja khuzistanica, Carvacrol, Essential oil, Growth, Salicylic acid}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {70-82}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {RahimiShokooh, A and Dehghani-Meshkani, MR and Mehrafarin, A and Khalighi-sigaroodi, F and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Changes in Essential Oil Composition and Leaf traits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Affected by Bio-stimulators / fertilizers Application}, abstract ={Background: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a member of the Lamiaceae family, has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of headaches, coughs, diarrhea, constipation, warts, worms, and kidney malfunctions. Objective: To investigate the foliar application effects of bio-stimulators and bio-fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Methods: Bio-stimulators in three commercial formulations of aminolforte, kadostim and fosnutren (with concentration of 1.5 L.ha-1) through foliar application, and bio-fertilizers in three commercial formulations of nitroxin, super-nitro plus and barvar II (with concentration of 0.5 L.ha-1) through seed inoculation were considered as two studied factors. Results: The results showed that the interaction effect of bio-stimulators and bio - fertilizers was significant (p<0.01) on all of studied parameters except of chlorophyll content (SPAD value). The highest leaf fresh weight (25.47 g/plant) and leaf dry weight (6.48 g/plant) were obtained under fosnutren and nitroxin treatment, also maximum leaf number (206.33) was recorded in aminolforte and nitroxin treatment. The highest leaf area (1302.2 mm2/plant) was observed in kadostim and nitroxin treatment. Also results showed that the highest content of essential oil (0.43%) was obtained in aminolforte and nitroxin, methyl chavicol (37.13%) in fosnutren and super-nitro plus, geranial (29.05%) and caryophylene (6.66%) in kadostim and nitroxin, and carvacrol (31.60%) in fosnutren and nitroxin treated plants. Conclusion: In general, the best treatment to improve growth and phytochemical traits of Ocimum basilicum were kadostim×nitroxin and fosnutren×nitroxin.}, Keywords = {Ocimum basilicum L., Bio-fertilizers, Bio - stimulators, Essential Oil, Leaf traits}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {83-92}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, MS and Mirkarimi, SA and Amini, M and Mohtashami, R and Kianbakht, S and FallahHuseini, H}, title = {Effects of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil in Type II Diabetic Patients: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo - Controlled Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background: Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds are used to treat diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. Moreover, N. sativa oil has reduced the fasting blood glucose level in non-diabetic volunteers. Objective: The present study was undertaken to explore the possible anti-hyperglycemic effect of N. sativa oil in type II diabetic patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 70 type II diabetic patients referring to Baqiyatallah Hospital. The subjects were enrolled into two groups of 35 each. One group received 2.5 ml N. sativa oil and the other group received similarly 2.5 ml mineral oil two times a day for three months. The fasting and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, BMI (body mass index), liver and renal function test were determined at the baseline and after three months. Results: The blood levels of fasting and 2 hours postprandial glucose and HbA1c were significantly decreased in the N. sativa group compared with the placebo group at the end of the study. The BMI of the N. sativa group was decreased significantly from baseline. No side effects were reported. Conclusion: N. sativa oil improves glycemic control in type II diabetic patients without any side effects.}, Keywords = {Nigella sativa, Blood glucose, Diabetes, Traditional medicine}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {93-99}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Qaderi, A and Omidi, M and Zebarjadi, AR and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {Over - expression Effect of Gene Encoding 3-hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase on Production of Taxol in Iranian Hazel (Corylus avellana L.)}, abstract ={Background: Sustainable and commercial production of taxol as an anti cancer drug is a critical point to its clinical application. Nowadays, hazel because of rapid growth and wide range distribution is considered as an alternative source of Taxol. Objective: To increase taxol production the cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) from Iranian hazel (GeneBank accession number KF306244, showed by CiHMGR) was isolated and over-expressed in pCAMBIA1304 binary vector. The effect of transient over-expression of HMGR in callus and leaf were evaluated on Taxol production. Methods: The calli was established through the culture of immature cotyledon on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 2, 4-D and BA. The first strand cDNA of CiHMGR was synthesized by specific primers. Enzymatic assay of recombinant CiHMGR in E. coli were done by western blott and His-tag affinity techniques. Also production of taxol in transformed callus and leaf were evaluated by HPLC analysis. Results: An Open Reading Frame (ORF) with 1698 bp length and a deduced polypeptide with 566 amino acid residues were amplified. The highest and lowest amount of taxol was 0.016 mg/g.DW and 0.004 mg/gDW in transformed calli and untransformed leaves respectively. Conclusion: Generally the over-expression of HMGR increase the total isoprenoids yield, therefore to have high production of target secondary metabolites (taxol) we need both of network of transformed genes and elicited cell culture.}, Keywords = {Corylus avellana, Diterpenoids, Elicitor, Mevalonate biosynthesis pathway}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {100-110}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {KhanahmadiM, M and NaghdiBadi, H and Akhondzadeh, S and Khalighi–Sigaroodi, F and Mehrafarin, A and Shahriari, S and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {A Review on Medicinal Plant of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.}, abstract ={Glycyrrhiza glabra L (Licorice) as native and pasture medicinal plant has most important export rule. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) or Glycyrrhizin as a main active component of licorice root and rhizomes, is a triterpenoid saponin claimed to be up to 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose and to be used in pharmaceuticals, food and tobacco industry. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. Understanding of the limitations and challenges in the medicinal plant are need for planning principles for development activities and conservation in this field.In this review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical as one of the most important herbs in exports and adverse effects of licorice.}, Keywords = {Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhizic acid, Glycyrrhizin, Pharmacological effects}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Keypour, S and Riahi, H and Rafati, H}, title = {A Review on the Biological Active Compounds and Medicinal Properties of Ganoderma lucidum}, abstract ={Ganoderma lucidum Karst. is an annual medicinal fungus which belongs to the Ganodermataceae family. Ganoderma lucidum, also known by the common names Reishi or Mannentake (Japanese), Ling Zhi (Chinese) and Yung Zehi (Korean). Ganoderma is the symbol of happy living, chance, immortality and health in China. In orient folk medicine Ganoderma was used for treating insomnia, asthma, kidney and liver diseases as well as arthritis. The major chemical constituents of G. lucidum are polysaccharides, triterpenes, sterols, lectins and some proteins having beneficial properties for the prevention and treatment of a variety of ailments. Both triterpenes and polysaccharides contain anticancer properties thus making them important nominees for the researches. Spores, fruiting body and mycelium have been investigated for biological active compounds. In recent years, a number of researches were performed for the identification of biological compounds and medicinal properties of Ganoderma lucidum. The latest findings regarding G. lucidum are discussed in this review article.}, Keywords = {Anti- cancer, Biological compounds, Ganoderma lucidum, Medicinal effects, Medicinal mushrooms}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {13-24}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {NaghdiBadi, H and Lotfizad, M and Qavami, N and Mehrafarin, A and Khavazi, K}, title = {Response of Quantity and Quality Yield of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) to Application of Phosphorous Bio/Chemical Fertilizers}, abstract ={Background: Since phosphorus is the vital nutrient for plants, the evaluation of phosphorous fertilizers effects on yield and quality of valerian is necessary. Objective: In this research the effect of phosphorus solubilization bacterias as bio-fertilizers and phosphorous chemical fertilizer on quantity and quality yield of valerian was studied. Methods: This study conducted in the research farm of Institute of Medicinal Plants (IMP) through a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Factors of experiment included the inoculation bio-fertilizers factor in four levels: Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, mix of both and control (without inoculation), and also the phosphorous chemical fertilizer factor as super phosphate triple in three levels: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1. Results: The bio-fertilizers using had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on the most of studied quantity and quality parameters. Although, the bio-fertilizers using had a negative effect on the amount of valernic acid (%), because of the increasing of root dry weight, it led to a significant rising on yield of valernic acid per hectare. Phosphorous chemical fertilizer had a significant effect on valernic acid (%) (p≤0.01), yield of valernic acid (p≤0.05) and yield of fresh/dry weight of root and shoot (p≤0.01). Also, the result showed that maximum amount of root dry weight was obtained by using both of Azotobacter and phosphorous chemical fertilizers (100 kg ha-1). Conclusion: Azotobacter had a positive and significant effect on yield of valernic acid and also maximum yield of valernic acid was observed by this treatment.}, Keywords = {Valeriana officinalis L., Bio-fertilizer, Phosphorous, Quantity and quality yield, Super phosphate triple}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {25-37}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Heshmati, M and JalaliNadoushan, MR and Entezari, E and Khodashenas, Z}, title = {The Effect of Aquae Extract of Aloe vera on Synaptophysin Expression after Spinal Cord Compression in Adult Rats}, abstract ={Background: Spinal cord compression is one of causes for disability. Nowadaysto minimize these complication is a goal. Objective: The effect of aquae extract of Aloe vera on motoneuron death and chemical neurotransmitter for cell signaling in paralysed rats. Methods: We used 32 female rats from Razi institute. They were randomized divided to 4 groups: 1- control 2- treated with Aloe vera 3- treated with Aloe vera + spinal cord compression by clips aneurysm 4- control+spinal cord compression by clips aneurysm. Perituneal injection continued for 4 weeks (every day). We used 2.5 mg/kg aquae extract of Aloe vera. Results: Compression hascaused, motoneuron in ventral horn decreases with cavitation. Insecond group these changes are less (p≤ 0.05). Aloe vera increasessynaptophysin in complete and partial model (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: For the first time Aloe vera has studied for synaptic reaction. It seems the number and percentage of motoneurons increased, as the same as synaptophysin in complete and partial model.}, Keywords = {Aloe vera, Spinal cord injury, Synaptophysin}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {38-49}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudi, Z and Soleimani, M and Saidi, A and Iranshahi, M and Azizsoltanli, A}, title = {Effect of Ferula gummosa Ethanolic Extract on Osteogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells}, abstract ={Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent deasese in current century. Estrogen deficiency is the basic cause of osteoporosis in menopaused women. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can increase the risk of breast and ovary cancers. Medicinal plant are natural source of secondary metabolite and can a reliable source for treating osteoporosis. Ferula gummosa (Galbanum) has been used in traditional medicine since ancient time. Objective: This study is focused on determining the effect of Galbanum root ethanolic extract on osteogenesis progress in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs). Methods: The Bone Marrow hMSCs were seeded at 12 well plates and treated with different amount of Galbanum extracts (0.5 to 100µg/ml). Extract cytotoxicity were measured using MTT method .Effect of extract on osteogenesis was evaluated in time interval 7 and 14 days using_ Alkaline Phosphatase_ enzyme activity method. Results: The data analysis revealed a significant increase in cell proliferation in range of (0.5 to 5) µg/ml after 24, 48 and 72 hour of treatment with galbanum extract. Analysis of result revealed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity in the range of 1 to 10 µg/ml compared with control group. Conclusion: Ferula gumossa has been used in Iranian folk medicine for many years. Our in vitro study showed that Frula gummosa extract has osteoprotective effect.}, Keywords = {Alkaline Phosphatase, Ferula gummosa , Osteoporosis, Plant extract}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {50-59}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mirmohammadali, M and Khazaie, F and Modarres, M and Rahimikian, F and Rahnama, P and Bekhradi, R and FallahHuseini, H}, title = {The Effect of Lavender Essential Oil on Anxiety of Intra Uterine Device Insertion}, abstract ={Background: Intra uterine device is a safe, effective and reversible method of family planning. Unfortunately, IUD insertion associated with anxiety. The lavender essential oil has anti-anxiety and analgesic effect however it's anti anxiety efficacy before intra uterine device insertion is to be evaluated. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-anxiety effect of lavender essential oil before intra uterine device insertion. Methods: Total 135 Iranian women candidate for intra uterine device insertion that had eligible criteria were randomly recruited into three lavender, placebo and control group. Data was collected by demographic questionnaire, spiel Berger questionnaire. The candidate apparent and acute anxiety was determined according to 20 questions present in Spiel Berger Questionnaire before and after aromatherapy just before intra uterine device insertion. The 20 questions were given four options including slight, moderate, high and very high with score 20 to 80. The women's were given a box containing a cotton ball soaked with three drops of lavender essential oil or sesame oil. The women's were asked to inhale the box for 5 minute from 7 to 10 centimeter from nose. The apparent and acute anxiety was determined in all three groups before and after aromatherapy just before intra uterine device insertion compared to each other. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software & descriptive & analytic statistics methods. Results: The average anxiety score was decreased in lavender group after aromatherapy compared to before aromatherapy (p<0.001) and also as compared to placebo and control groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Results of this study suggest that aromatherapy with inhalation of lavender essential oil is effective as anti- anxiety before IUD insertion.}, Keywords = {Aromatherapy, Anxiety, IUD insertion, Lavender essential oil}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {60-65}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Modarresi, M and Foladnia, M and Rafiee, Z and Jafari, A and Zarzasangan, K}, title = {Iridoid Glycosides from Eremostachys azerbaijanica Rech. f. Root}, abstract ={Background: Eremostachys azerbaijanica (family Lamiaceae) is one of the 16 endemic Iranian herbs of the genus Eremostachys. In Iran, the root of E. azerbaijanica is traditionally used as local analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Objective: In this research, roots of E. azerbaijanica were phytochemically studied until perhaps by identification of chemical content of this plant, a step to be taken toward correct use from this natural product in treatment of diseases. Methods: Methanolic extract from the root of E. azerbaijanica was prepared by Soxhlet method and its three compounds were isolated by SPE method and reversed-phase preparative HPLC. Finally, the compounds have been elucidated by UV and 1D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Results: Three iridoid glycosides, Lamalbide (Lamiridoside), Pulchelloside I and Sesamoside were isolated from the root of E. azerbaijanica. Conclusion: The comparison of the results obtained from the present study and former published results, shows that three iridoid glucosides which identified in this research, have been previously elucidated in some species of Eremostachys.}, Keywords = {Eremostachys azerbaijanica , Iridoid, Lamalbide, Pulchelloside I, Sesamoside}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {66-77}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Cheraghi, N and AkhondzadehBasti, A and Khanjari, A and Esmaeili, H and Noori, N and MohamadiNasrabadi, H and Amani, Z}, title = {Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil and Acetic Acid on Thermostable Direct Haemolysin production of Vibrio parahaemolyticus}, abstract ={Background: Consumption of contaminated seafood with Vibrio parahaemolyticus results in gastroenteritis in consumer. Thermostabledirecthaemolysin is one of the major virulence factors of this emerging pathogen which has an important role in its pathogenicity. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and acetic acid on the production of TDH toxin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in subinhibitory concentrations of these preservatives. Methods: The toxin production under specific condition including the combination of different concentrations of the essential oil (0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.03 and 0.045%), pH values (5.5, 6.5 and 7.5) modified with acetic acid and 3 incubation temperatures (8, 25 and 35°C) in BHI broth medium was studied and the number of the bacteria have been counted and the toxin production has been evaluated after the growth of the organism and subsequent turbidity in the medium using the KAP-Rpla commercial kit. Results: Toxin titerproduced in a broth with pH value of 7.5 and 35°C and in the absence of essential oil was while it was in the same condition and with the presence of 0.015% essential oil. Also the titer of this toxin in 25°C and pH of 6.5 equals while with adding the 0.015% of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil, It reduced to . Conclusion: According to the results the essential oil in combination with different pH values and incubation temperatures has a decreasing effect on the toxin production of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It suggests that further studies with the same conditions as current study in a food model is needed to confirm the positive effect of these natural preservatives.}, Keywords = {Acetic acid, TDH, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Zataria multiflora, Boiss. essential oil}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {78-84}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-92-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Dolatkhahi, M and GhorbaniNohooji, M}, title = {The Most Used Medicinal Plant Species of Dashtestan (Bushehr Province), with Emphasize on Their Traditional Uses}, abstract ={Background: Dashtestan, with 6371 km² area, is situated at 85 km in the east of Bushehr city. Influence of some important ecological factores, such as neighboring to the Persian Gulf, passing two rivers of dalaki and shapoor and also presence of southern continuation of Zagros Mountains are leading to high importance of region in plant biodiversity view point. Objective: Study on the medicinal plant flora of the region and introducing some information of folk medicine and the most useful medicinal species were objected here. Methods: All ancient regions of the Dashtestan were discovered using appropriate geographical maps and then the plant species were gathered from various localities respectively. Vernacular information of collected plants and their usages in the folk medicine were questioned from well experienced people. In final stage the collected plants were identified scientifically after deposition in the herbarium. Results: A total of 85 plant species representing 70 genera and 39 families are identified in the area. The most abundant families of the region are Asteraceae (10 species) and Lamiaceae (8 species) respectively, and the largest genera is Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) with 6 species. The most folk medicine usage of them is in the remediation of digestive diseases. Conclusion: Traditional usage of medicinal plant is more accepted among the people of area. The most of medicinal herbs are used mainly in remediation of digestive diseases. Considering the culture of society and attention of people to medicinal plants, it may be an attractive object from the farmacological view point.}, Keywords = {Biodiversity, Dashtestan, Ethnobotany, Iran, Medicinal plants, Traditional Usage}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {85-105}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-93-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shekarchi, M and Hajimehdipoor, H and Naghibi, F and Ara, L and MoazzeniZehan, H}, title = {Investigating Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of some Ferula Species}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays, one of the methods for treatment of Alzheimer is using of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Discovering the drugs with better effects and fewer side effects especially from natural sources is the aim of many researchers. Objective: In the present investigation, AChEI effects of six Ferula species have been studied. Methods: Total extracts of six species of Ferula including F. persica var. persica, F. hezarlalezarica, F. ovina, F. oopoda, F. hirtella and F. szowitsiana were obtained by using methanol 80% and different fractions of the species were prepared by using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, methanol 50% and water, respectively with maceration method. AChEI activity of each extract in concentration of 300 µg/ml was determined by Ellman method in 96 -wells plates in 405 nm. Results: The results revealed that among examined samples, only F. persica var. persica chloroform fraction showed reasonable AChEI activity (27.3%) while other extracts had trace activity or no effect. Conclusion: It seems that relatively non-polar components of F. persica var. persica had AChEI activity. Since, sesquiterpene coumarins are the major compounds in Ferula species, they may be considered as AChEI agents in Ferula persica var. persica, but more investigations are necessary to establish the idea.}, Keywords = {Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Alzheimer, Apiaceae, Ellman method, Ferula}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {106-112}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Latifipour, N and Kazerani, HR}, title = {Cardiodepressant Effects of Ethanol Extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Skin on Rat Isolated Heart}, abstract ={Background: Pomegranate skin is used in traditional medicine and it posseses potent antioxidant properties. Objective: Thisresearch studied the effects of ethanol (80%) extract of pomegranate skin on isolated heart activity. Methods: Isolated rat hearts (n=8) were perfused using Langendorff technique. Following stabilization for at least 20min, lyophilized extract of pomegranate skin at concentratations equal to 0.1, 0.5 and 1% (5min each, respectviely) were added to the perfusion (Krebs) solution. During the experiment, the heart rate, cardiac contractile force and coronary perfusion pressure (as an indicator for coronary tone) were studied. Results: Upon addition of pomegranate skin extract, the mean heart rate gradually declined, a reduction from 223 beats per min at the beginning to 79 beats per min at the end of treatment course (p<0.001). Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) showed a significant reduction following addition of the extract (p<0.001). Coronary perfusion pressure gradually increased and was 23% higher by the end of the treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: The current research suggests potent cardiodepressant effects for water alcoholic extract of pomegranate skin.}, Keywords = {Isolated heart, Langendorff, Pomegranate}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {113-120}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {AghaAlikhani, M and Iranpour, A and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Changes in Agronomical and Phytochemical Yield of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) Under Urea and Three Biofertilizers Application}, abstract ={Background: Nutrition is an important factor in plant growth and phytochemical compound. Application of natural fertilizers in medicinal plants production can improve their yield and medicinal indices. Objective: This study investigated the possibility of substituting chemical fertalizers by biofertalizer (Nitroxin, biophosPhorus and bioSulfur) in purple coneflower production. We compared vegetative yield and total phenolic compounds of purple coneflower in response to biofertalizers and chemical nitrogen. Methods: Experiment was conducted at field of Tarbiat Modares University on 2009-2010 growing seasons using a RCBD with three replications. Twelve experimental treatments included: chemical nitrogen as urea (C), biosulfur (S), biophosphorus (P) nitroxin(N), urea+biosulfur(CS), urea+biophosphorus(CP), urea+nitroxin(CN), biophosphorus+biosulfur(PS), Nitroxin+biosulfur(NS), nitroxin + biophosphorus(NP), integration of three biofertilizers (NPS) and the control (without fertalizers). Results: Treatments had significant effect (p≤ 0.05) on the number of lateral branches, number of flowers, diameter of flower, stem and root, plant height, root length, dry biological yeild, harvest index, plant nitrogen and phosphor content. NP treatment produced maximum leaf dry weight, biological yield, root length, root and stem diameter and number of lateral branches. Conclusion: Biofertilizers improved yield of purple coneflower. The NP treatment could be introduced as a superior treatment in quantitative traits. Also the PS treatment with the highest yield of root phenolic compound (%116 more than control) could be identified as the best nutritional system for quality. Therfore biofertilisers application can decrease the chemical fertilizer consumption and can bring us closer to the goals of sustainable agriculture.}, Keywords = {Chemical fertilizer, Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Moench), Medicinal plant, Phenolic compounds}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {121-136}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {AshrafiTamai, I and ZahraeiSalehi, T and Khosravi, AR and Sharifzadeh, A and Balal, A}, title = {Chemical Composition and Anti-candida Activity of Trachyspermum ammi Essential Oil on Azoles Resistant Candida albicans Isolates from Oral Cavity of HIV+ Patients}, abstract ={Background: Oral candidiasis, caused by Candida albicans, is one of the most common infections in immunocompromised patients, especially in HIV+ individuals. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the susceptibility of C. albicans isolates to azole drugs and Trachyspermum ammi essential oil. Methods: Oral swabs were cultured from 70 HIV+ patients and In order to identify and confirm of C. albicans isolates, Chrom agar, Corn meal agar, germ tube production, carbohydrate assimilation, growth at 45˚C and PCR were performed. Sensivity to fluconazol, ketoconazole and clotrimazol were assessed by disc diffusion and also the effect of T. ammi essential oil was determined by disc diffusion and microdilution broth methods. Results: The causative agent, in 50 patients with oral candidiasis, was C. albicans (71.4%). In sensivity determination survey to antifungal drugs, the resistance of isolates to fluconazole, ketoconazole and clotrimazole were determined 32%, 28% and 14%, respectively. In disc diffusion, all isolates have an acceptable sensivity at 10 - 20 μL of the oil and 30 μL inhibit the growth completely in plate. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrsation (MIC) by microdilution broth method was 500ppm and 750ppm in 72% and 28% of isolates, respectively, and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC) in 70% of isolates were 750ppm and for the rest of the isolates (30%) were 1000ppm. Conclusion: We conclude that use of this native plant, as an antifungal compound, could act as a treatment of the patients with mucosal candidiasis, beside of other drugs in to the future.}, Keywords = {Azole, Candida albicans, Trachyspermum ammi}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {137-149}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {NooriMoogahi, SMH and Kameli, M and Khanehzad, M}, title = {Comparative Eevaluation of the Effect of Malva sylvestris and Bromhexine on Mucociliary System of Trachea in Chicken}, abstract ={Background: Malva sylvestris (M.S) with various drug effects, especially on mucociliary system as dilutor drug and sputum collection is known. Objective: This study examined the effects of M.S and Bromhexine HCL (B.H) in mucociliary system of trachea chicken. Methods: In this experimental study five groups of Leghorn chickens were studied under identical conditions. Four groups received oral B.H & oral M.S extract & nebulas normal saline & nebulas M.S extract during 12 days, respectively andone group was considered as control. After 12 days the chicks were killed and the biopsy samples from the middletracheal were taken for histopathology study using PAS and H & E methods under light microscopy. Finally Image tools II Software were used for counting of size and number of mucous glands and cilia. Results: Results of the analysis of data showed that nebulizing of M.S increases the number and the size of mucous glands, also the size of cilia compare to 3 groups: control, oral B.H, normal saline significantly. The oral M.S extract group showed significant differences in number of the mucous glands compared with other 3 groups. Conclusion: According to more mucolitic effects of M.S extract than Bromhexine HCL and side effects for drugs mucolitic is recommended to be used that respiratory and inflammatory diseases of the M.S extract.}, Keywords = {Bromhexine HCL, Malva sylvestris, Mucociliary System}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {150-155}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hadipour, A and HoseiniMazinani, M and Mehrafarin, A}, title = {Changes in Essential Oil Content/Composition and Shoot Aerial Yield of Lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) Affected by Different Treatments of Nitrogen}, abstract ={Background: Nitrogen is one of the very effective elements in increasing the phytochemical and agronomical yield of medicinal plants. Therefore it is necessary to examine the effect of nitrogen on essential oil and dry matter production of lavender. Objective: This research was carried out to evaluate changes of essential oil content and dry matter of lavender under different nitrogen treatments for reduces of nitrogen fertilizer uses. Methods: The study was conducted at the research field of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Shahr-e-Rey branch, on basis of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replication and 7 treatments. The treatments were spraying of 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 percent N and 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen as urea. Different traits including plant height, stem diameter, branch number, leaves and stems dry weight, foliage dry and fresh weight, essential oil content and composition were recorded. Results: Effect of treatments on all of the plant traits (p<0.01), essential oil content and linalool (p<0.05) were statistically significant differences. The highest amount of plant height and number of stems was observed in spraying of 4.5 percent nitrogen per hectare. Also, the maximum stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, stem, leaves and shoot dry weight, and essential oil content, linalool and 1,8-cineole was obtained in soil treated with 180 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The foliar application of 4.5% of N ha-1 and 180 kg N ha-1 treatments hadn’t significantly effect on shoot dry weight and essential oil content. Conclusion: The results showed that nitrogen spraying at appropriate concentration could be improved growth and essential oil content, and also, reduced nitrogen using, contamination, and cost production.}, Keywords = {Dry matter, Essential oil content, Lavender, Nitrogen, Spraying}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {156-169}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-102-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, S.M and Fallahhuseini, H and AfkhamiArdacani, M and Salami, M.S and Bolurani, S}, title = {Effects of Silymarin on Insulin Resistance and Blood Lipid Profile in First-degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or cellular resistance. Silymarin is an effective agent that reduces cell resistance to insulin and improves lipid profile. Objective: In this study the effects of silymarin on insulin resistance and blood lipid profile in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (n=60) with BMI above 25 kg/m2. After completing questionnaire and obtaining written consent, participants were randomly assigned to give placebo or silymarin group. The patients in silymarin group received two 140 mg capsules of silymarin daily and placebo group 140 mg placebo capsules similarly for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, HDL, insulin and 2hpp blood glucose level were determined before and after the study. Results: In silymarin treated group, insulin resistance and serum insulin level were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared with beginning as well as compared with placebo group. The blood glucose level and lipid profile didn’t change significantly after silymarin therapy compared with placebo group. Conclusion: According to our results silymarin positively influence insulin resistance and insulin level in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients but its effect on lipid profile need further studies.}, Keywords = {Herbal medicine, Insulin resistance, Lipid, Silymarin, Type 2 diabetes}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {170-176}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-103-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hajiaghaee, R and Akhondzadeh, S}, title = {Passionflower and Sage for Mental Health}, abstract ={Herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. The supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. Generalizations about the efficacy of herbal medicines are clearly not possible. Each one needs systematic research including a variety of animal studies and also randomized clinical trials. In this review we focus on Passiflora incarnata and Salvia officinalis.}, Keywords = {Evidence based Medicine, Herbal Medicine, Mental health, Passiflora incarnate, Salvia officinalis}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-104-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Vaseghi, G and Andalib, S and Rabbani, M and Sajjadi, SE and Jafarian, A}, title = {Hypnotic Effect of Salvia reuterana Boiss for Treatment of Insomnia}, abstract ={Background: Insomnia, which is difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep, is a very common experience for many people. Considering the increasing interest in medicinal plants in the past decade, many plants such as Coriandrum sativum, Salvia leriifolia, Salvia reuterana and Stachys lavanduli folia have been used in Iranian traditional medicine to abate insomnia. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate hypnotic effect of Salvia reuterana on male mice. Methods: Ethanolic extract of S. reuterana was prepared. Five groups of 6 animals each were pretreated with vehicle, Salvia extract (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg i.p.) or diazepam (0.5mg/kg i.p.) 30 minutes before ketamine injection (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Results: The latency and total sleeping times were recorded to determine the hypnotic effect of the extract. The results indicated that ethanolic extract of S. reuterana, reduced the latency time and induced the total sleeping time in a dose dependent manner, compared to saline group. Conclusion: The present study suggests that S. reuterana produces hypnotic effect which can be evaluated clinically.}, Keywords = {Hypnotic effect, Insomnia, Ketamin-induced sleeping time, Salvia reuterana}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-105-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Noorolahi, Z and Sahari, MA and Barzegar, M and Doraki, N and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Evaluation Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Cinnamon Essential Oil and Echinacea Extract in Kolompe}, abstract ={Background: Applications of natural ingredients not only increase the shelf life of food but also omit the problems of synthetic preservatives compounds. Objective: Cinnamon verum essential oil (CVEO 0.05, 0.1, 0.15%) and Echinacea purpurea extract (EPE 0.25, 0.5, 0.75%) were added to Kolompe (a traditional cookie in Kerman-Iran) and their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects were compared with the samples of BHA (100 and 200 ppm) and control (without any antioxidant). Methods: Peroxide and tiobarbituric acid values (PV and TBA) and total count, mold, yeast, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus cereus, positive Staphylococci –coagulase were measured for antioxidant and antimicrobial assessment, respectively. Results: PV and TBA values of control were more than others and antioxidant effect of CVEO-0.05 was similar to BHA-0.01 (p< 0.01). The least PV and TBA values were for CVEO-0.1. Application of EPE-0.25 was too led more antioxidant effect (increased by increasing %) than BHA-0.01. All samples lacked aerobic microorganism, yeast and mold except EPE-0.25 (that was the same with control) in 30th day. The number of these microorganisms in EPE-0.5 was lower than control, BHA-0.01 and BHA-0.02. No microorganism was in EPE-0.75 that expressed strong antimicrobial effect of this level extract. Conclusion: Antioxidant effects for CVEO-0.1, CVEO-0.25, EPE-0.1 and EPE-0.25 were more than BHA. With increasing of concentration, PV and TBA values for pro-oxidant effect increased. Application of CVEO and EPE in Kolompe was strong effect in microbial properties and increase the shelf life of Kolompe.}, Keywords = {Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant activity, Cinnamomum verum, Echinacea purpurea L., Kolompe}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {14-28}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-106-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ghorbanpour, M and Ghafarzadegan, R and Khavazi, K and Hatami, M}, title = {Two Main Tropane Alkaloids Variations of Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Under PGPRs Inoculation and Water Deficit Stress Induction at Flowering Stage}, abstract ={Background: Plants infection with microorganisms as well as physical factors such as osmotic stresses especially drought stress induced particular secondary metabolite production. Objective: Plant root and shoot hyoscyamine (HYO) and scopolamine (SCO) variations were investigated under three water deficit stress (WDS) levels as 30 (W1), 60 (W2) and 90 % (W3) water depletion of field capacity and Pseudomonas putida (PP) and P. fluoresence (PF) strains inoculation at flowering stage. Methods: Seedling radicles and culture media were inoculated with PP and PF (109 CFU/ml) strains. Monitoring of soil moisture levels was conducted using gravimetric method. Alkaloids extracted were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Results revealed that HYO was the prevalent alkaloid in root and shoot organs. The highest ratio of SCO to HYO (0.53) and the highest alkaloids both HYO and SCO content in root and shoot was observed in W3PF treatment. The largest total alkaloids (HYO+SCO) yield (25.7 mg.plant-1) was showed in PP treated plants under W1 conditions. Conclusion: Integrative use of effective Pseudomonades strains and WDS sounds to be an encouraging and eco-friendly strategy for increasing tropane alkaloids yield and content in Hyoscyamus niger root and shoot parts.}, Keywords = {Hyoscyamus niger, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), Tropane alkaloids, Water deficit stress}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {29-42}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-107-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-107-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kianbakht, S and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Fruit and Leaf Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Background: Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Caucasian whortleberry) fruit is used as an anti-hyperglycemic agent for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Objective: The effects of whortleberry fruit and leaf extracts on the blood levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), insulin, creatinine and liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT in alloxan-diabetic rats as well as LD50s of the extracts in rats were studied. Methods: The effects of 2 months daily gavage of each extract at the doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg on the parameters after single alloxan intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 125 mg/kg in the rats were evaluated. To calculate LD50 (median lethal dose), each extract was gavaged to groups of 30 healthy male and female Wistar rats at various doses once and the number of dead animals in each group within 72 hours was determined. Results: Alloxan injection resulted in significant increase of fasting glucose and HbA1c levels but decreased insulin levels significantly. Oral administration of whortleberry fruit and leaf extracts (each at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced the fasting glucose and HbA1c levels but significantly increased the insulin levels without any significant effects on the SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels in the diabetic rats compared with the control diabetic rats. The LD50s of the extracts were more than 15 g/kg. Conclusion: Whortleberry fruits and leaves may have anti-hyperglycemic and blood insulin level elevating effects without hepatic and renal toxicities in the alloxan-diabetic rats and are relatively nontoxic in rats.}, Keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Rat, Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-108-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Fathi, A and Sahari, MA and Barzegar, M and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Antioxidant Activity of Satureja hortensis L. Essential Oil and its Application in Safflower Oil}, abstract ={Background: It has been considered by researchers to study the possibility of replacing chemical food additives (synthetic antioxidants) by natural products (medicinal plants). Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant properties of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil (SHEO) on safflower oil oxidation. Methods: Different assays have been used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of SHEO: total phenol content (TPC), DPPH•, ABTS+•, ferric thiocyanate (FTC), β - carotene bleaching. For evaluation of SHEO effect on safflower oil oxidation, peroxide value (PV), conjugated dienes (CD), and tiobarbituric acid (TBA) indices were compared with BHT (a synthetic antioxidant). Results: TPC of SHEO was determined to be 293.7 mg gallic acid equivalent in 1 ml of sample and IC50 was 0.71 mg/ml in DPPH•. 0.4 and 0.1 mg/ml of SHEO at all time (1, 5, 10, 15 min) showed the highest and lowest antiradical ABTS°+ activity (118.2 and 26.6 μg/ml AscAE =Ascorbic acid equivalent) in 15 min. In FTC and FTC-TBA, 8 mg/ml SHEO showed the highest activity. In β-carotene bleaching of 0.1-2 mg/ml SHEO, 0.1 has the minimum (%9.02), and 1 and 2 has the maximum inhibitory effects (%34.33 and %36.86 inhibitions). 4 mg/ml of SHEO had the highest inhibitory effect in the safflower oil test and that peroxide does not have significant difference with 0.1 mg/ml BHT. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities of SHEO concentrations increased in all indices (p< 0.05) and various concentrations were able to slow down the oxidation process.}, Keywords = {ABTS+•, Antioxidant activity, β-carotene bleaching, DPPH•, FTC, Safflower oil, Satureja hortensis L.}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {51-67}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-109-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Fallahhuseini, H and Mehrzadi, S and Ghaznavi, H and Tajallizadehkhoob, Y and Fakhrzadeh, H}, title = {Effects of Pinus eldarica Medw. Nut Extract on Blood Glucose and Cholesterol Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 with dyslipidemia is a common disease. Previous studies suggest that chemical constituent present in Pinus eldarica (P. eldarica) nut posesess antioxidant properties and positively affect glucose metabolism. However blood glucose and cholesterol lowering effects of P. eldarica nut have not been studied so far. Objective: The present study was undertaken to explore the possiblility of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of the P. eldarica nut extract in hypercholesterolemic diabetic rats. Methods: Sixty male wistar rats six months of age from central animal house of the institute of medicinal plants were selected. 10 rats were kept as normal group and diabetes was induced in the remaining rats by intraperitonial injection of 120 mg/kg aloxan monohydrate. After one week the diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose between 180 to 250 mg/kg were assigned to 5 groups of 10 rats each and were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet. One group was kept as control group (untreated diabetic rats) and P. eldarica nut extract in doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg was gavaged daily to the remaining rats. After one month, the fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined in all groups. Results: The results indicate that fasting blood glucose in 200 and 400 mg/kg P. eldarica nut extract treated groups significantly decreased (P=0.000 and P=0.000) and fasting blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change significantly compared with control group. Conclusion: P. eldarica nut extract lowers blood glucose level withought affecting blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hypercholesterolemic diabetic rats.}, Keywords = {Pinus eldarica, nut, Blood glucose, Rat, Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {68-74}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-110-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-110-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Abdoli, M and Moieni, A and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Influence of KNO3, CaCl2 and MgSO4 Concentrations on Growth and Cichoric Acid Accumulation in Hairy Root Culture of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)}, abstract ={Background: Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants. Hairy root culture of Echinace, represent a valuable alternative to field cultivation for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Objective: The present study investigates the effects of KNO3, CaCl2 and MgSO4 concentrations on growth and the biosynthesis of cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea hairy root culture. Methods: Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain R15834 was used for hairy root induction. The experiment was performed with 0.5 g of fresh hairy roots (about 2 cm long segments) per 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 30 ml of hormone-free liquid 1/2MS salts with B5 vitamins supplemented with different amounts of KNO3 (3131, 3939, and 4747 mg/l), CaCl2 (85, 170, and 340 mg/l) and MgSO4 (370 (control), 600, and 1600 mg/l). After 4 weeks, growth parameters and cichoric acid amounts were assessed. Results: Results indicated that the highest fresh (99.69 g/l) and dry weight (6.91 g/l) of hairy roots were achieved using 3131 mg/l KNO3. Fresh and dry weights of hairy roots in various CaCl2 and MgSO4 concentrations were not significantly different from those of control. The highest amount of cichoric acid (30.55 mg/g DW) was produced by 1600 mg/l MgSO4 treated hairy roots after 4 weeks. Conclusion: The present work demonstrated the effectiveness of modified 1/2MS salts supplemented with B5 vitamins medium for improving hairy root growth and in vitro production of cichoric acid.}, Keywords = {Cichoric acid, Echinacea purpurea L., Fresh weight, Hairy roots, Macro-elements}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {75-84}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-111-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hadjiakhoondi, F and Ostad, SN and Khanavi, M and Hadjiakhoondi, A and Farahanikia, B and Salarytabar, A}, title = {Cytotoxicity of Two Species of Glaucium from Iran}, abstract ={Background: Numerous molecules in Papaveraceae family display interesting cytotoxic activities against tumor cell lines in vitro and hints of anticancer activities in vivo have been reported in a few cases. Objective: Numerous molecules in this family display interesting cytotoxic activities against tumor cell lines in vitro and hints of anticancer activities in vivo have been reported in a few cases. In this study we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of total and alkaloid extracts of Glaucium flavum Crantz and Glaucium grandiflurom Boiss. & Huet, the two species of this genus, on cell proliferation of HT-29, Caco-2, T47D, and NIH/3T3 cell lines by MTT method and their IC50s were determined. Methods: The aerial parts of G. grandiflurom and G. flavum were collected from Jajrud in Tehran Province in June 2011. The effect of total extract and alkaloid extract of them on HT-29, Ta7D, NIH/3T3 and Caco-2 cells was determined by MTT assay. Results: Alkaloid extracts showed a moderate cytotoxic effect on the cell lines. IC50 values confirmed that the growth and proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells were less affected in comparison to other cell lines. Conclusion: The effects of alkaloid extracts of both plants on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29, Caco-2), showed that these extracts contain certain compounds that can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancerous cells.}, Keywords = {Cytotoxicity, Glaucium flavum, Glaucium grandiflurom, MTT}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {85-92}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-112-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-112-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2013} }