@article{ author = {Yazdani, D and Rezaei, MB and Kianbakht, S and Khosravani, S}, title = {A Review on Different Aspects of Aloe vera L.}, abstract ={Endemic of dry and warm climate, True Aloe with the scientific name Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. is an invaluable medicinal plant. It is cultivated in Iran in two southern provinces of Hormozgan and Boushehr and also grown in greenhouse in some other regions. Many derivatives of Aloe plant are in use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the fact that Aloe is endemic of Southern Iran, several kinds of finished products such as soft drinks and cosmetics are being imported to the country now. Since Aloe can be cost-effectively cultivated in poor soil and water resource conditions of the southern provinces of Iran, expansion of its cultivation and processing facilities can be a remarkable step for both job creation and efficient exploitation of the poor farmlands in this part of the country.}, Keywords = {Aloe vera, True Aloe}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-657-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-657-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hakimi, S and MohammadAlizadeh, S and Delazar, A and Abbasalizadeh, F and BamdadMogaddam, R and Siiahi, MR and MostafaGarabagi, P}, title = {Probable Effects of Fenugreek Seed on Hot Flash in Menopausal Women}, abstract ={Background: The most popular problem in menopausal women is hot flash. Hot flash disturbs sleep and decreases woman's power for coping to daily problems. Currently, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is the most common method for treatment of menopausal complications. However, HRT can increase risk of tumor development in the estrogen-sensitive tissue. Phytoestrogens are one of the alternative therapies in HRT. Phytoestrogens are herbal compounds that have estrogenic activity. Objective: Fenugreek is one of the herbs that contains phytoestrogen compounds, but its effect on early menopausal symptoms hasn't been assessed yet. This study investigates the effect of fenugreek seed on vasomotor symptoms. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, two groups of postmenopausal women were selected, each containing 25 patients. Women in control group received two 25-day treatments of 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen and 10 mg medroxy progesterone acetate. Women in fenugreek group received 6 g fenugreek seed powder in granule dosage form for 8 weeks. Vasomotor symptoms were assessed at baseline and after four and eight weeks of treatment. Mann-withny test was used for comparison between control and fenugreek groups and Freidman and Wilcoxone tests were used for comparison within the groups. Results: Number of hot flashes and vasomotor symptoms between control and fenugreek group at baseline were not significantly different. Number of hot flashes and vasomotor symptoms showed significant decrease four and eight weeks after treatment on control group compared to fenugreek group. Number of hot flashes and vasomotor symptoms within control and fenugreek groups significantly decreased after four and eight weeks. Conclusion: Use of fenugreek seed for four and eight weeks caused to decrease number of hot flashes and vasomotors, but the effect was smaller than that of HRT. It seems that more studies are necessary before a final conclusion can be reached. Another investigation can be carried out using double blind method with placebo.}, Keywords = {Fenugreek seed, Menopause, Hot flash}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {9-14}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-658-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-658-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mahzoniae, MR and Zahraei–Salehi, T and Karimi, E and Shams, N and Estaki, H}, title = {Comprative Efficacy of Addermint (Mentha spicata), Phenylbutazone and Dam Cream in Cattle Acute Mastitis}, abstract ={Background: Mastitis as a widely spread health problem does not only cause the largest economic disease-related losses in dairy farms, but also is responsible for the extended use of antibiotics in these enterprises. As this disease is considered multifactorial, development of new infection depends both on the presence of mastitis pathogens and a series of additional factors that act concomitantly. Therefore, for treatment and prevention of mastitis, determination of these factors is necessary. Antibiotic therapy is the common choice to control acute mastitis, but it is necessary to look for new options like immune modulators to better work out this problem and support the treatments. Objectives: The current study was to evaluate the use of softener cream with Mentha spicata (Addermint) therapy as a supportive treatment in management of acute mastitis in Holstein cattle. Methods: In a large dairy farm, 120 clinical cases (Class II acute Mastitis) were divided into three groups (A, B and C). All of the animals had received an antibacterial therapy including 50ml of oxytetracycline 5% IV and one tube of Tetranebalone intramamary infusion every 12 hours. Addermint, Phenylbutazone or Dam cream liniments were used on external skin of udders in A, B and C groups every 8 hours, respectively. Milk samples were taken from each cow prior to the treatment and were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar media. The genuses of isolated bacteria were determined microscopically and by results of biochemical reactions. Daily inspection of milk and udder were recorded. The withdrawal time of treated cows was 3 days and recurrent cases were recorded for the following 30 days. Results: The results of this study showed that, E. coli had the highest incidence in positive cultures (n=46) followed by Staphylococcus spp. (n=19) in 72.5% of positive cultures. No bacterium was isolated in 27.5% of cultures. Bacillus spp. (n=12), Streptococcus spp.(n=3), Klebsiella spp.(n=4) and Corynebacterium spp. (n=3) were isolated in 10% , 2.5 % , 3.5% and 2.5% of cultures, respectively. The recovery times were 26.7, 26.9 and 44.9 hrs. in A, B and C groups, respectively. The recurrence percentiles were 32.5%, 42.5% and 45% in A, B and C groups, respectively. Conclusion: Our results showed that softener cream (Addermint) usage is more effective than phenylbutazone and Dam cream in supporting the antibiotic treatment. It reduced the treatment period, withdrawal time and recurrence, dramatically.}, Keywords = {Mastitis, Mentha spicata, Phenylbutazone, Dairy cattle}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-659-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-659-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Miladi-Gorgi, H and Vafaei, AA and Rashidypour, A and Taherian, AA and Jarrahi, M and Emamiabarghoii, M and Sadeghi, H}, title = {Anxielytic Effects of Portulaca oleracea Aqueous Extracts in Mice}, abstract ={Background: Portulaca oleracea (PO) overgrows in different parts of Iran. In previous studies, a 10% hydroalcoholic extract of the PO aerial parts (leaf and stem) showed anticeptive and anticonvulsive activity in rats. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate anxielytic effects in different doses of the aqueous decoction extracts of PO seed. Methods: In this study, forty male mice (25-30 gr) were used in a model Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Different doses of the extract (25, 50, 75 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) to three separated test groups and normal saline (10ml/kg, IP) was injected to one control group, intraperitoneally. For increasing their activity, animals were put inside a black box for 5 min. Then they were transferred to the elevated plus maze and evaluated for their anxiety reaction, including number and percent of time spent in open arm. Results: Results indicated that injection of the extract in three doses of PO reduced anxiety reaction in test groups, compared with the control group which had higher number of entrances and spent more time in open arm (P=0.000). Conclusion: It is suggested that the aqueous extract of PO plays an important role in fear and anxiety reactions and that the anxielytic effects of PO is not related to the dosage of use.}, Keywords = {Portulaca oleracea (PO), Aqueous extracts, Anxielytic, Elevated Plus Maze (EPM)}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-660-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-660-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Niakan, M and Miri, SR and Naseri, M and Karimi, M and Mansouri, S}, title = {In Vitro Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil Extract, Compared with CXM, CEC, MAN and CAZ Antibiotics}, abstract ={Background: The anti-microbial effect of plants has been suggested from old years. New researches in this field confirm such property of applications. Objective: In this study, anti-microbial effects of Nigella sativa seed oil cold extract against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Nigella sativa L. (NS) was compared with relevant antibiotics. Methods: Detection of MIC in NS oil cold extract was performed using broth dilution method. The original extract was prepared in 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.06% and 0.03% concentrations by serial dilution. S. aureus strains (ATCC 1112 and 2572) were grown in TSB media to 0.5 MC Farland standard concentrations and each 0.01 dilution of microorganism suspension above was transferred to the drug dilution. Tubes were incubated overnight at 35 °C. The sensitivity of the bacteria were defined by Disk Diffusion (kirby-bauer) Method and Antibiogram disks made by Difco Inc . The obtained values were compared with the effects of the extract. Results: MIC for S. aureus ATCC-2572 and S. aureus ATCC-1112 were found 1/16 and 1/10, respectively. It was revealed by performing in vitro sensitivity tests for the two strains that NS oil can affect the bacterial pure form in 0.125% and 0.26% concentrations. Conclusion: It is suggested that the anti-microbial effect of NS oil extract is comparable with antibiotics such as CXM, CEC, MAN, CAZ. We recommend experimental use of Nigella sativa L. to control some of bacterial infections.}, Keywords = {Nigella sativa L., Antibiotic, Oil extract, Staphylococcus aureus}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {29-33}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-661-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-661-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Jamshidzadeh, A and Nikmahad, H}, title = {Hepatoprotective Effects of Fumaria parviflora L. on CCl4–induced hepatotoxicity}, abstract ={Background: Liver, the largest internal organ in the body, plays a central role in many essential physiologic processes and has numerous functions. Nevertheless, its disorders are many fold. Hepatic disease may result from a variety of therapeutic drugs or toxins that cause wide hepatic lesions. Objective: From the old times, plants have been used for the treatment of liver disorders. In this study, protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Fumaria parviflora L was determined. Methods: Male rats were used in this study. In the test groups, they received l00, 200 and 300mg/kg of the extract, alone or with CCl4 (3ml/kg). The liver function test and hystopathological observations were performed for all groups. Results: Carbon tetrachloride caused sever liver damage and the extract of the plant with doses higher than l00mg/kg prevented CCl4-induced liver damage Conclusion: The results of the present study support the traditional beliefs on hepatoprotective effects of Fumaria parviflora.}, Keywords = {Fumaria parviflora, Liver, CCl4}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {34-39}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-662-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-662-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hosseinzadeh, H and Ziaei, T}, title = {Effects of Crocus sativus Stigma Extract and its Constituents, Crocin and Safranal, on Intact Memory and Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficits in Rats Performing the Morris Water Maze Task}, abstract ={Background: The electrophysiological and behavioral studies have shown that saffron extract improves memory and learning skills in ethanol-induced learning behavior impairments. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of Crocus sativus aqueous extract stigma and its constituents, safranal and crocin, on intact memory and scopolamine-induced learning deficits in rats performing the Morris water maze task. Method: The extract and its constituents were injected intraperitoneally to rats one h before training for five consecutive days. During the training period, four trials were carried out each day. On the fifth day of the experiment, the locomotor activity was assessed using open field test. Results: Generally, the aqueous extract (0.0025-0.56 g/kg) of stigma did not decrease the latency time to find the platform. Only a dose of 0.005 g/kg reduced the latency time during five days. Crocin (50 and 200 mg/kg) also did not change the latency time. Safranal (0.2-0.75 ml/kg) increased the time to find the platform. The effects of the extract, crocin and safranal on hyoscine-induced learning deficits were also evaluated (1 and 500 mg/kg hyoscine). The stigma extract and crocin reduced the deficit effect of hyoscine (in low and high dose) on memory. Safranal (except a dose of 0.2 ml/kg) did not decrease the effect of hyoscine on memory. In the open field activity test, the aqueous extract, crocin and safranal reduced total activity. The co-administration of these agents with hyocine significantly compensated the reduction of locomotor activity in hyosine group alone. Conclusion: On the basis of these results, the Crocus sativus stigma aqueous extract, crocin and safranal did not have effect on intact memory but the extract and crocin inhibited the hyoscine impaired acquisition/performance activity. These agents can be potentially introduced as new drugs in the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions such as Alzheimer's disease.}, Keywords = {Crocus sativus, Saffron, Crocin, Safranal, Memory, Learning, Morris water maze}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {40-50}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-663-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-663-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Sahraei, H and Fatemi, SM and Faghih-Monzavi, Z and Shams, J and Pashaei-Rad, Sh and Ghoshooni, H}, title = {Effects of Papaver rhoeas L. Extract on the Expression and Development of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice}, abstract ={Background: In the present study, the effects of water-alcohol extract of Papaver rhoeas on the expression and acquisition of morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) in male N-MARI mice (20-25 g) were investigated. Methods: In a pilot study, different doses of morphine or the extract were administered to the animals to indicate whether the drugs could induce place preference in particular apparatus. In the second part of the experiment, the animals received different doses of extract 30 min before each morphine injection (acquisition) or 30 min before beginning of the test (expression). Results: Subcutaneous (SC) administration of morphine (1, 10 and 20 mg/kg) produced place preference. On the other hand, intraperitoneal (IP) administration of the plant extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) did not show any effect. Injection of extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before the morphine administration decreased the acquisition of morphine CPP. Administration of the plant extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before the test increased the expression of morphine-induced CPP. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the extract of Papaver rhoeas reduced the acquisition, but did not influence the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice.}, Keywords = {Morphine, Conditioned Place Preference (CPP), Mice, Papaver rhoeas}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {51-58}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-664-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-664-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2006} }