@article{ author = {Hasanloo, T and Rezazadeh, Sh and Rahnama, H}, title = {Hairy Roots as a Source for Production of Valuable Pharmaceutical Materials}, abstract ={The plants have important role in our daily diet life. Their food value has been studied for many years. They are usually used as medicinal plants to improve national health in relation to nutrition or sanitation. Today, these metabolites extract from wild or cultivated medicinal plants. Production of secondary metabolites by traditional methods, depend on their species, require to months or years time. Furthermore, content of production affected by different factors such as climate changes or pathogens. Tissue culture of medicinal plants has been introduced as a source for production of secondary metabolites. Recently, hairy roots culture has also been a stable source of metabolite production. The hairy roots, induced by inoculation of explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenez, often growth as fast as or faster than plant cell cultures and have attractive properties for secondary metabolite production compare to related plants.}, Keywords = {Secondary metabolites, Tissue culture, Hairy root, <,i>,Agrobacterium rhizogenez<,/i>,}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {1-17}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-379-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mombeini, T and Mombeini, M and Aghayi, M}, title = {Evaluation of Pharmacological Effects of Origanum genus (Origanum spp.)}, abstract ={Oregano is a common culinary herb used as spice in different parts of the world. Origanum is a genus of Lamiaceae family with many species. Two species Origanum majorana L. and Origanum vulgare L. have therapeutic properties. Besides using as a spice in food, the herb has been used in treatment of some conditions including colds, respiratory allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes mellitus, wound healing and as a tranquilizer, in alternative medicine for centuries. Until now, numerous reports on its biological and pharmacological properties and also analysis of its extracts or oils have published. According to reliable scientific studies, Origanum spp. have a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial effects against common human and foodborne pathogens. Based on frequent biochemical analysis of extracts and essences of the herb, phenolic compounds especially phenolic acids and flavenoids are probable responsible agents. These days, investigations are focused on antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antimutagenic action of genus Origanum, besides the antioxidant and antibacterial activities.}, Keywords = {Origanum, Antibacterial effect, Antioxidant activity, Diabetes mellitus, cytotoxicity}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {18-35}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-380-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-380-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Zahmatkash, M and Rashidi, M}, title = {Treatment of Diabetic Leg Ulcer by Local Application of Honey and Olive oil Mixture}, abstract ={Background: Wound care is one of the main concerns of patients with diabetes. Objective: This case involved a 55-year-old man with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus developed medial leg ulcer (2cm × 2cm) due to accident, for which he received currently recommended therapy, including antibiotic and betadin dressing. After 2 months of care the ulcer did not improved. Methods: Patient referred to diabetic clinic with 2×2×2 cm medial leg ulcer. After rule out of osteomylitis and discontinuation of antibiotic and betadin dressing, once-daily thick applications of honey and olive oil mixture were started. Results: Granulation tissue appeared within 5 days and in one month the ulcer resolved. Conclusion: Two weeks later, the ulcer has not been recurred.}, Keywords = {Diabetic leg ulcer, Honey, Olive oil}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {36-40}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-381-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-381-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Naghii, MR and Mofid, M}, title = {Impact of Daily Consumption of Iron Fortified Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Pumpkin Seed Kernels (Cucurbita pepo L.) on Serum Iron in Adult Women}, abstract ={Background: The objective of this study was to consider the effectiveness of consumption of iron fortified ready-to-eat cereal and pumpkin seed kernels as two sources of dietary iron on status of iron nutrition and response of hematological characteristics of women at reproductive ages. Methods: Eight healthy female, single or non pregnant subjects, aged 20-37 y consumed 30 g of iron fortified ready-to-eat cereal (providing 7.1 mg iron/day) plus 30 g of pumpkin seed kernels (providing 4.0 mg iron/day) for four weeks. Blood samples collected on the day 20 of menstrual cycles before and after consumption and indices of iron status such as reticulocyte count, Hb, Ht, serum ferritin, iron, TIBC, transferrin and transferrin saturation percent were determined. Results: Better response for iron status was observed after consumption period. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the pre and post consumption phase for higher serum iron, higher transferrin saturation percent, and lower TIBC. All individuals had higher serum iron after consumption. A significant positive correlation between the differences in serum iron levels and differences in transferrin saturation percentages and a significant negative correlation between the differences in serum iron levels and differences in TIBC was found, as well. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional problems in the world affecting billions of people through the world and impairs growth and cognition. Fortified foods contribute to maintaining optimal nutritional status and minimizing the likelihood of iron insufficiencies and use of fortified ready-to-eat cereals is a common strategy. The results showed that adding another food source of iron such as pumpkin seed kernels improves the iron status. Additional and longer studies using these two food products are recommended to further determine the effect of iron fortification on iron nutrition and status among the target population, and mainly in young children, adolescents, women of reproductive ages and pregnant women.}, Keywords = {Ready-to-eat cereal, Pumpkin seed kernels, Iron deficiency, Anemia, Women}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-382-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-382-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Miladi-Gorgi, H and Vafaei, AA and Taherian, AA and Vaezi, T}, title = {The Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Purtulaca oleracea on Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice}, abstract ={Background: Purtulaca pleracea (PO) overgrows in the different parts of Iran. In previous studies, the extract of P.O showed antinociceptive, anxiolytic and anti inflammation effects in Mice and rats. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate different doses of the aqueous extracts of PO on withdrawal syndrome on mice. Methods: In this study, 40 male albino mice (25-30 gr) were used. Morphine was used to produce drug dependency by Marshall Method (10 doses of drug in four days). Different doses of the extract. (25, 50, 75 mg/kg IP) were injected to the separated groups and saline (10 ml/kg - ip) were injected to the one control group 30 min before of noloxone 2 mg/kg. The number of Jumping and amount of weight losses were used for assessment of classic withdrawal syndrome sign. Results: The results indicated that the extract of PO significantly decreased the number of Jumping (p= 0.000) and also weight losses in 25 mg doses of extract (dose-dependent) in mice (p = 0.045). Conclusion: It is concluded that the aqueous extract of PO may be play an important role on the modulation of withdrawal syndrome in mice.}, Keywords = {Aqueous extracts, <,i>,Purtulaca oleracea<,/i>,, Withdrawal syndrome, Morphine, Noloxone}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {51-57}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-383-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-383-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Torkaman, J and Seyam, Sh}, title = {Measurement of Tannin in Treebarks of Oak, Beech, Alder, Horn beam and Black Walnut}, abstract ={Background: In Antiquty, The treebarks were used as medication.the most of treebarks have tannin that is important material in vegetative universe. this important plant material has Antiseptic and protein coagulating properties. Objective: The purpose of this investigation is quantitating of tannin from the treebarks such as black walnut, oak, alder, horn beam and beech. Methods: The total extractive matrials obtained according TAPPI standard. The bark phenolic compound were obtained according Calberg and Kurth scheme. Tannin was evaluated by Tanoform method. Results: Experiments showed that the total extractive content of these species were 29.8, 23.2, 17.9, 16.8 and 16.7 percent respectively. Also, it was shown that the total phenolic materials were 26.3, 21.2, 13.6, 12.9 and 14.0 percent respectively. By sequential precipitation, Flobatannins, Flobaphens and Flavonoids were separated and measured quantitavely. Also the percentage of tannin in extractive materials of species were evaluated between 40 - 50%. Conclusion: Generally,The total extractive materials in this study were obtained between 17-30 percent which almost half of that is tannin. The minimum and maximum of tannin belong to beech and walnut Species respectively. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins have medical and industries application.}, Keywords = {Black walnut, Oak, Alder, Horn beam, Beech, Phenolic compound Flobatannins, Flobaphens, Flavonoids}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {58-63}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-384-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-384-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {GoliMovahhed, Gh and MehrabanSangAtash, M}, title = {Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-radical Activities of Methanolic Extract of Edible Leafy Vegetables}, abstract ={Background: Aerobic organisms have efficient antioxidant systems but diet can reduce oxidative stress through antioxidants supplementation. It seems that oxidative stress has a major role in cancer, atherosclerosis and aging process. Objective: This research was conducted in order to assess and compare the antioxidant and antiradical properties of edible leafy vegetable (Leek, Garden Cress, Spearmint, Basil, Tarragon and Coriander). Methods: Methanolic extracts of dried vegetables were prepared and their antioxidant and antiradical properties were determined using linoleic acid emulsion system and DPPH method respectively. Results: It was shown that highest extraction yield (11.62%) was belonged to Garden Cress and Basil had least (4.42%) extraction yield. Methanolic extract of tarragon had best efficiency in acid linoleic emulsion (induction period was 60.3h when control was 13.4h). In DPPH system, Spearmint and tarragon showed highest activity though minimum IC50 (216 micrograms/milliliter) was belonged to spearmint. This was even smaller than of IC50 of BHT though the differences between Spearmint, BHT and tarragon were not significant. Leek had Highest IC50 (11675 micrograms/milliliter) as calculated by extrapolation. Conclusion: It was concluded that tarragon and spearmint have highest antiradical and antioxidant activity.}, Keywords = {Natural antioxidant, Antiradical properties, DPPH, Leafy vegetables}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {64-71}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-385-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-385-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {JafariDinani, N and Asgari, S and Madani, H and Naderi, GHA and Mahzuni, P}, title = {Effect of Artemisia aucheri on Regression of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Rabbits}, abstract ={Background: Atherosclerosis which is the most common risk factor for CHD is caused by a gradual deposition of lipids in large and small arteries. Nowadays regression and suppression of atherosclerotic lesion is one of the candidate approach for prevention of atherosclerotic complication. Objective: Whereas large majority of people use herbal medicine for treatment, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of A. aucheri on regression of atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of five each and treated 3-months as follows: 1: normal diet for 3- month, 2, 3 and 4: Hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 2- month. One group (2) killed after this period and two groups (3 and 4) received normal dietand normal diet + A. aucheri (100 mg. kg-1 .day-1) respectively for an additional 1 – month (regression period). Biochemical factors (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured at first, end of second and third month. At the end of the study, animals killed and aortas were removed for assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. Results: Normal diet in regression period improved lipid profile but the animals in this group showed no regression but rather progression of atherosclerosis. Whereas extract of A. aucheri significantly decreased atherosclerotic area in the aorta. Conclusion: These findings suggest that control diet without additional treatment cannot stop the progression of atherosclerosis. To use A. aucheri with control diet can stop progression of atherosclerosis and is effective for regression of atherosclerotic lesion.}, Keywords = {Atherosclerosis, Regression, <,i>,Artemisia aucheri<,/i>,, Atherosclerotic plaque}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {72-79}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-386-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-386-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mojab, F and Behfar, A and Kobarfard, F and Nickavar, B and Ja’fari, B}, title = {Fatty Acid Composition of Echium amoenum Fisch et. Mey. Seeds (Boraginaceae)}, abstract ={Background: The seeds of Echium amoenum (Boraginaceae) are used in Iranian Traditional Medicine as diuretic, analgesic, hypotensive and diaphoretic. Objective: This study was designed to identification and quantification of composition of fatty acids in the seeds oil of E. amoenum. Methods: The seeds of the plant were extracted with n-hexane. After evaporating under reduced pressure, oil was get. Methanolysis of the oil glyceride was carried out in KOH medium and BF3, under reflux condition for 30 min. The esters passed into the upper hexane layer, then analyzed by GC-MS. Results: The seeds of E. amoenum revealed the presence of four fatty acids including one saturated and three unsaturated. Conclusion: The unsaturated fatty acids were present in much greater proportion than saturated ones. Linolenic acid was found to be major unsaturated fatty acid and the palmitic acid as predominant saturated acid.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Echium amoenum<,/i>,, Boraginaceae, Fatty acids, GC-MS analysis, Linolenic acid}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {80-86}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-387-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-387-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Gohari, AR and Saeidnia, S and Gohari, MR and Moradi-Afrapoli, F and Malmir, M and Hadjiakhoondi, A and YazdanpanahM,}, title = {Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity of Some Medicinal Plants Belongs to Lamiaceae, Asteracea, Rosaceae and Boraginaceae Families}, abstract ={Background: In this report, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous methanol extracts of the aerial parts of some species belongs to Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and Rosaceae families. Methods: In order to examine the cytotoxicity of the plant extracts, Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity Assay was used against Artemia salina larva. Results: Results showed that Scutellaria tornefortii indicated cytotoxic activity against the larva of Artemia salina. The minimum lethal concentration of its aqueous methanol extract, as the most effective extract, was 6 µg/ml compared to berberine hydrochloride as the positive control (LC50 = 26 µg/ml). EtOAc extract of Rubus hyrcanus was also a potent cytotoxic extract (LC50 = 28 µg/ml). In addition to those mentioned plants, Echium amoenum, Onosma bulbotrichum, Stachys byzanthina and Rubus discolor could be the potential sources of cytotoxic components. Conclusion: Some of the medicinal plants, growing widely in north part of Iran, are effective against the larvae of A. salina, so they could be a promising source of anti-cancer and anti-tumor compounds.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Scutellaria Tornefortii<,/i>,, <,i>,Rubus hyrcanus<,/i>,, cytotoxicity, Artemia salina}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {87-93}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-388-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-388-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Jarrahi, M and Zahedi, M and Taherian, AA and Miladi, H and Safakhah, H}, title = {Evaluation of Topical Matricaria chamomilla L. Oil Extract Activity on Linear Incisional Wound Healing in Albino Rats}, abstract ={Background: There are some information about antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect of Matricaria chamomilla flower oil extract, but there isn’t any information about its effect on linear incisional wound healing. Objective: In this investigation, the effect of Matricaria chamomilla flower oil extract on linear incisional wound healing was studied. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to a linear 3cm incision made over the skin of the back. The animals were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups, as Sham operated, Control (Olive oil) and treatment. Sham group did not receive any treatment. Control group received topical olive oil twice a day from beginning of experiments to complete wound closure. Treatment group were treated topically by M. chamomilla extract dissolved in olive oil at the same time. For computing the percentage of wound healing, the area of the wound measured at the beginning of experiments and the next 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 days. The percentage of wound healing was calculated by Walker formula after measurement of the wound area. Results: Results showed that there were statistically significant difference between treatment and Control animals (p<0.05) in most of the days. Conclusion: We conclude that the topical administration of M. chamomilla extract has wound healing potential in linear incisional wound model in rats.}, Keywords = {Wound healing, <,i>,Matricaria chamomilla<,/i>,, Skin, Rat}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {94-99}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-389-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-389-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Ghazanfari, T and Yaraee, R and Asoode, A and Rajabian, T and Kardar, M and Hassan, ZM and Naderi-Manesh, H and Soofian, V and Jamali, D}, title = {Purification of Immunomodulator Fraction Components of Garlic (R10) by HPLC}, abstract ={Background: It has been reported that garlic extract and its components show medicinal effects including immunomodulatory activities. We have isolated the immunomodulatory fraction (R10) previously. Objective: In this study we have proposed to purify the components of R10 using HPLC. Methods: Crude garlic extract purchased from Hamadan, Iran. R10 fraction including 10-50 KD molecules have been isolated using ultrafiltration. Further purification has been made using Vaydac 208Tpv10, a semi-preparative HPLC reversphase choromatography column. Tricine SDS-PAGE has been used to determine molecular weight of the samples. Results: 6 major peakes were obtained from HPLC of R10 at gradient of 0.25 % of buffer B/min through 60 minute. The molecular weight of 3 peaks (samples 0, 1 and 3) was 12 KD with tricine-SDSPAGE. Conclusion: Using C8 HPLC reversphase choromatography seems to be appropriate tool for purification of R10 components and the purified components at peak 0, 1 and 3 seems to be isotypic molecules.}, Keywords = {Garlic, Immunomodulator fraction, HPLC, Purification}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {100-106}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-391-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-391-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Majrouhi, AA}, title = {Research of Changes in Quantities and Qualities of Leaf Volatile Oils of Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo in Different Stages of Growth}, abstract ={Background: The monotypic Iranian Zhumeria majdae (Lamiaceae), known locally by the name of Mohrekhosh, was recently described as the first member of a new genus (Zhumeria). It has a limited geographical rang in southern Iran at Hormozgan province. The leaves have been used for many years as curative and antiseptic. Objective: The aim of the present study was to detect and compare the constituents of the essential oils of Zhumeria majdae in different stages of growth. Methods: In this research, the constituents of essential oils of Zhumeria majdae leaves at the before of flowering and the end of flowering in Geno mountain of Hormozgan province were analyzed via GC and GC/MS and compared together. Results: The oil yield of the dried leaves by hydrodistillation at two stage were 7.5 and 9.3%, respectively (v/w). At the essential oils of the before of flowering and the end of flowering stages, 22 and 16 compounds ,accounting for 99.9% of the oil, were identified. Conclusion: The numbers and contents of constituents of essential oils of Zhumeria majdae in different stages of growth are different.}, Keywords = {Essential oils, <,i>,Zhumeria majdae<,/i>,, Endemic, Linalool, Camphor}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {107-113}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-392-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-392-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mashak, Z and Moradi, Bi and Akhondzadehbasti, A and Abasifar, A and Gandomi, H}, title = {Fate of Listeria monocytogenes During the Manufacturing Process of Iranian white Brined Cheese as Affected by Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil}, abstract ={Background: There are many reports about the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from different kinds of cheese. Natural preservatives such as Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil can inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens. Objective: Evaluation of antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes in Iranian white brined cheese. Methods: The essential oil of this plant were obtained by hydrodistilation and analysed by GC/MS. Effect of different concentrations of this essential oil (0, 50, 150 and 300 ppm) on Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated in Iranian white brined cheese. Results: Results showed the significant (p< 0.05) effect of the essential oil at concentrations of 150 and 300 ppm. Conclusion: The results showed, the potential inhibitory effects of the Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes in Iranian white brined cheese.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Zataria multiflora<,/i>, Boiss. Essential oil, <,i>,Listeria monocytogenes<,/i>,, Iranian white brined cheese}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {114-122}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-393-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-393-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Eliassi, A and Ghodrati, M and Kamalinrjad, M}, title = {Effect of Oral (Systemic) Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Fruit on Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion in Unconscious Rat and on Basal Acid Secretion in Conscious Rat}, abstract ={Background: It has been clearly documented that Elaeagnus angustifolia (E.A.) have variety of medicinal uses including anti - ulcerogenic activity. Our recent study demonstrates that intragastric administration of E.A. blocked the carbachol - induced gastric acid secretion, completely. Objective: The aim of this work therefore is to evaluate the role of oral administration of E.A. on carbachol - induced gastric acid secretion in order to compare with intragastric effect of the drug. We also hypothesized that E.A. fruit might be involved in control of basal acid secretion and juice volume. To address this question, we investigated the oral effect of E.A. fruit extract on basal acid secretion on pylorous - ligated conscious rats. Methods: In this study we used pylorus ligation method. Briefly, animals were anesthetized and two cannulas were introduced into the stomach through esophagus to wash the stomach and pylorousdodenal junction to collect the stomach juice. Carbachol was infused into jugular vein and gastric juice was collected in 10 - min periods to titrate with NaOH 0.01 N. To concider the effect of the E.A. extraction on basal acid secretion, all experiments were performed in conscious rats who received the E.A. extract or saline 1.5 hours before pylorus-ligation. Ligation of pylorus was performed under brief ether anesthetized. Two and half hours after treatment, the stomach was removed, juice volume was measured and acid output was determined as above. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and subsequent tukey test. Results: Our results showed that the E.A. fruit extract dose dependently decreased the carbachol - induced gastric acid secretion. Stimulated acid secretion was suppressed %52 ± 4 at a dose 600 mg/kg and this inhibitory effect persisted up to the end of experiments. Oral administration of E.A. extraction in pylorus ligated conscious rats showed that the drug significantly stimulated gastric acid secretion and juice volume at a dose 1300 mg/kg within 1 hour, but there was no effect at lower doses. Conclusion: These results suggest that E.A. fruit has an anti - secretory action on cholinergic stimulated acid secretion by oral administration. This effect is less than the intragastric administration of the drug (% 81 ± 4 inhibition). It is likely that the inhibitory effect is mediated by cholinergic nervous system and/or non-neuronal membranes. We also suggest that the oral E.A. extract has no effect on basal acid secretion at lower doses}, Keywords = {Gstric acid, Taditional medicine, <,i>,Elaeagnus angustifolia<,/i>,, Plorus - ligation method}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {123-130}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-396-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-396-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {AsgariMarjanlu, A and Mostofi, Y and Shoeibi, Sh and Maghoumi, M}, title = {Effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential oil on Gray Mold Control and Postharvest Quality of Strawberry (cv. Selva)}, abstract ={Background: Essential oils are complex volatile compounds produced in different plant parts, which are known to have various functions in plants. Objective: The objective of the present study is investigation of the effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil on gray mold control and postharvest quality of strawberry. Methods: This experiment was carried out In vitro and In vivo conditions. In In vitro condition Basil essential oil was used at 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL.L-1 concentrations with “Paper Disk Method” and “Solution Method”. In second stage Basil essential oil applied at 60, 250, 500 and 1000 µL.L-1 concentrations with “Paper Disk Method” on strawberry fruits. Results: Results of In vitro experiment showed that Basil essential oil at all applied concentrations inhibited Botrytis cinerea growth completely. The results of In vivo experiment showed that basil essential oil at applied concentrations inhibited B. cinerea growth on strawberry fruits completely in comparison to controls. Also basil essential oil at 60 and 250 µL.L-1 concentrations showed positive effects on some fruit quality characteristics e.g. color, titrable acidity, total soluble solid, Vitamin C and firmness. Therefore treated fruits with basil essential oil at low concentration had higher TA, TSS, Vitamin C, firmness and color values compared to control fruits whilst high concentrations of basil essential oil (500 and 1000µL.L-1) induced burning sepal and led to toxic signs on fruit surface. All applied concentrations of basil essential oil affected fruit flavor especially 1000µL.L-1 reduced fruit firmness and Vitamin C content. Conclution: It can be concluded that basil essential oil due to higher antifungal properties, acts as an alternative to artificial fungicides in controlling of fungal diseases but more research is needed to identify the proper formulation.}, Keywords = {Essential oil, Basil, Gray mold, Postharvest, Strawberry}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {131-139}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-397-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Shekofteh, M and Akbari, F}, title = {Content Analysis of Medicinal Plants theses of Pharmaceutical Faculties between 1998-2006 and Publishing Rate of their Results in the Scientific Journal Articles}, abstract ={Background: Pharmaceutical theses including medicinal plants subjects are invaluable informative sources. If they are disseminated properly, many research problems can be solved. Unfortunately, theses results are almost ignored. Content analysis is a bibliometrics technique that is applied in many subjects to help us know what the researchers have done before. Another way of information dissemination about the results of theses is through publishing in the scientific research journals. In this article, the medicinal plants theses conducted in the years between 1998 and 2006 have been analyzed and searched in the SID database to determine the number of theses that have been published as articles in scientific journals. Methods: The Technique used in this descriptive research is content analysis. This survey aims at specifying medicinal plants, according to their family, genus and species in the medicinal plants theses and their subject. Besides, the SID database was searched to determine the number of theses that their results have been published as journal articles. Results: The results indicated that medicinal plants theses comprised %20 of total theses. The family of "Labiatae" including 24 genus and 36 species and the genus "Tanacetum" including 13 species showed the great variation. Most of theses were about the specieses "danae racemosa" & "zataria multiflora". The Main subjects of dissertations were "phytochemistry", "pharmacological effects" and "essential oils". Only %7.4 of theses was published as articles in the scientific journals. Conclusion: publishing of the result of theses as scientific articles plays very significant role in pharmaceutical information dissemination. The Pharmacy faculties should be aware of the past researches to orient the students to choose the appropriate theses' subjects. Making data bases could be useful in this regard.}, Keywords = {Theses, Medicinal plants, Content analysis, Journal articles}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {140-146}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-398-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-398-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Kazemi, A and MohtadiNia, J and Rezaeian, F and ZameneMilani, F and VahedJabbari, M and GhaemMaghami, SJ and Mahdavi, R and OstadRahimi, AR}, title = {Fungal Contamination of Consumed Tea in East Azarbaidjan Province}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Information on the fungal contamination of consumer tea is limited and this kind of contamination is important for food and therefore a survey was undertaken to determine the fungal contamination of consumer tea in East Azarbaidjan province. Methods: A total of 100 samples were obtained using standard 20 cm collection sond from whole sales and stores in different part of East Azarbaidjan province and examined according standards methods, Samples were cultured in YCFA medium and incubated at 25ºC for maximum 3 weeks and a screening survey for positive samples was carried out. Results: 73 (73%) out of total 100 samples had fungal contamination more than 104 colony forming units/gram (cfu/g), Aspergillus niger, Penicillium Sp, Fusarium Sp, Asergillus fumigatus, Alternaria Sp, Cladesporium Sp, Mucor Sp, Gliocladium Sp and Trichotecium Sp were the most frequently detected microorganisms throughout the survey respectively. Conclusion: The presence of moulds such as Aspergillus Sp, Penicillium Sp, Fusarium Sp, Alternaria Sp, Cladesporium Sp, Mucor Sp, Gliocladium Sp and Trichotecium Sp in consumer tea can lead to the presence of harmful mycotoxins produced by these moulds and then could result in serious toxicity and illness in humans, As the fungal contamination has a strong influence on the ultimate quality of tea, tea end products and food safety, more attention to the quality and safety of tea are necessary.}, Keywords = {Tea, Fungal contamination, Mycotoxins}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {147-155}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-399-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-399-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Tolyat, M and Abdoli, M and GhorbaniMoshgin, M and Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F and Omidi, M}, title = {Propagation of Ginkgo biloba L. Through Tissue Culture of Various Plant Parts}, abstract ={Background: Ginkgo biloba, often referred to as a living fossil, is the oldest living tree specie on earth and is well known for its resistance to adverse growing conditions as well as its ornamental beauty. Ginkgo has been used as a nutritional support for mental alertness, enhanced circulatory and blood vessel health. The beneficial effects are due to the presence of ginkgolides and bilobalide that represent together with the flavonoids the active constituents. Objective: Propagation of Ginkgo biloba to determine the best explants, medium, kind of hormone on regeneration through tissue culture of various plant parts Methods: In this study factorial experiments were conducted to determine the best explants, medium, kind of hormone on regeneration, the percentage of callus and the weight of wet callus. The response of leaf, petioles and meristem explants on MS, B5, WPM mediums to six hormones were investigated. Every experiment has 3 replications. Every replication for each treatment had 6 samples containing 7 explants. After sterilizing explants, they exposed to the treatments in mediums of %7 Agar (5.7 pH) for 6 weeks. In these experiments only callus was produced therefore it seems that Ginkgo plant is recalcitrant. Results: These results showed that shoot tip was the best explant and interaction of epical meristem and MS medium had the best effect on the production of callus. 1 mg/l NAA plus 0.5 mg BAP was the best hormonal combination. Petiole explant gave the least response.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Ginkgo biloba<,/i>, L., Tissue culture, Epical meristem callus, Callus, Plant hormones}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {156-163}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-400-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-400-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Soltani, M and Larypoor, M and Akhavansepahy, A and PiraliHamedani, M}, title = {Effect of Allicin of Garlic on Production Nitric Oxide of Macrophage to Candida Albicans}, abstract ={Background: Garlic is an herbal plant having various compounds. one of the most important of which is allicin with antibiotic property. Candida Albicans is opportunistic yeast which in case of immune system dysfunction is considered as a pathogenic agent. Immune mechanisms against this fungus are Macrophages which act with oxidative and non-oxidative fungicide mechanisms. Oxidative mechanism includes active oxygen and nitrogen mediators which are produced by active macrophages and thereby the microorganisms are eliminated. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate Allicin effects on the increase activites macrophage to product of Nitric Oxide. Methods: It is examined in this study the effect of garlic allicin on macrophages’ activity in releasing Nitric oxide against Candida Albicans. Garlic allicin was prepared by the method of chloroformic extract, and then made to react with macrophages from male mouse Balb/c with 2-8 week of age in vitro. Candida Albicans was divided into two groups: with and without allicin. Both cases compared as positive and negative samples, the rate of macrophages’ activity was determined through production of Nitric Oxide. Results: After examining the rate of Nitric Oxide produced by macrophages, results showed that allicin as a natural material activates immune system against this fungus, so that macrophages with allicin can produce more Nitric Oxide than the group without allicin. This was obtained by comparing the results from these two groups and the control group. Conclusion: Regarding the important role of Candida Albicans in Candidiasis and applying the preventing agents by this fungus in suppressing the macrophages’ activities in producing Nitric Oxide, and also by studying related literatures, we concluded that allicin extracted from garlic can affect greatly on the macrophages’ activities in producing Nitric Oxide against agents of Candidiasis disease.}, Keywords = {Candida Albicans, Allicin, Nitric oxide, Macrophages}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {164-170}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-401-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-401-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} }