@article{ author = {NaghibiHarat, Z and Kamalinejad, M and Sadeghi, MR and Sadeghipour, HR and Eshraghian, MR}, title = {A Review on Ruta graveolens L. Its Usage in Traditional Medicine and Modern Research Data}, abstract ={According to manuscripts, Ruta (rue) was one of the plants which had been abundantly used for prevention and treatment of diseases, both in Iranian and nation’s Traditional medicine(TM). Natives are still using this plant through the world. Clinical and experimental modern trials had shown the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiarrhytmic, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial, antifungal, contraceptive and abortive effects of this plant in addition to some central nervous system effects. Almost all of these were mentioned in TM besides a couple of other effects which there were no experimental data about them in modern researches. In other hand, rue contains so many chemicals and complex compounds which their exact effects and mechanism of actions are still not well known. Besides there are some data about toxic effects of rue but there is no reliable toxicological study which could explain the side effects, toxic dosage or detoxification methods. In this review we explain about this plant, its usage in TM and the results of different modern trials and give a plenty of experimental view of points which could be done in future.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Ruta graveolens<,/i>, L., Iranian traditional medicine, Traditional medicine, Toxicology}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {1-19}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-360-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-360-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Sonboli, A and Kanani, MR and Yousefzadi, M and Mojarad, M}, title = {Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Salvia hydrangea from Two Localities of Iran}, abstract ={Background: The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) consists of 58 annual and perennial species in Iran, of which 17 are endemic. S. hydrangea DC. ex Benth. with common Persian name of "Gol-e Arooneh" has been used in folk medicine of Iran as antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, carminative and sedative. Infusion of flowers was used for treating cold in traditional medicine of Fars province. Objective: Study of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of S. hydrangea from two different localities of Iran. Methods: Aerial parts of S. hydrangea were collected in full flowering stage from two different localities Abadeh (Fars province) and Takab (Azarbaijan province). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS instruments. Antibacterial activities of the oils were evaluated by disc diffusion method. MIC values were measured by microdilution broth susceptibility assay. Results: The essential oils yield of Abadeh and Takab were 0.1 and 0.13% (w/w) based on dry weight of plants, respectively. Thirty-seven and 35 compounds were identified in the oil samples which constituted 97.4 and 98.3 % of the total oils, respectively. In the oil obtained from Abadeh, β-caryophyllene (25.2%), 1,8-cineole (15.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.1%) were found as the major components. From Takab sample β-caryophyllene (26.2%), 1, 8-cineole (14.2%) and α-pinene (11.2%) were characterized as the main compounds. The oils showed moderate antibacterial activity. Conclusion: The differences observed in essential oil composition of two studied samples could be attributed to their different ecological, geographical and edaphical origin factors. The moderate antibacterial activity of the oils could be associated with the presence of 1, 8-cineole.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Salvia hydrangea<,/i>,, Antibacterial activity, Essential oil, 1, 8-cineole, β - caryophyllene}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {20-28}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-361-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-361-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Nadjafi, F and Koocheki, A and RezvaniMoghaddam, P and Rastgoo, M}, title = {Ethnopharmacology of Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad a Highly Threatened Medicinal Plant of Iran}, abstract ={Background: Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad, is an endemic and rare perennial medicinal plant belonging to Lamiaceae which distribute in limited area in Binalud mountains in Northeast of Iran. Over – exploitation and unsustainable herbal collection of this plant by local gathers and also limited distribution in specific habitat made it an endangered species. Objective: Study the ethnomedicinal uses of this species. Methods: A survey base on interviews with local informants and traditional healers near the wild habitats of this plant was conducted during years 2003 and 2004. Results: Results showed that the aerial parts of this species are used mostly by local people to treat digestive disorders, nervous disorders and depression. Also this people use this plant to treat common colds, and rheumatism (in external use). Traditional healers use this plant mostly as a nervous tranquil and anti depression while they use it for treatment of different diseases such as headache, migraine, digestive disorders, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, asthma, common colds, colic and cardiovascular disorders. The most popular medicinal preparations are decoction, infusion and distillation (aromatic waters). Conclusion: This study showed that this species is used widely by local people and traditional healers for different medicinal uses which result to over-exploitation and unsustainable herbal collection of this plant and made it an endangered species.}, Keywords = {Ethnopharmacology, <,i>,Nepeta binaludensis<,/i>,, Medicinal plant}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-362-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-362-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mahboubi, M and Avijgan, M and Darabi, M and Kasaiyan, N}, title = {Anti Candidal Activity of Echinophora platyloba Against Candida albicans and Comparison with Amphotricin}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Increasing usage of medical plants for medical treatment made for this branch of complementary medicine a unique place. Methods: This study evaluated the anti candidal activity of Echinophora platyloba extracts and amphotricin B against Candida albicans by micro broth dilution assay and Disc diffusion method. The synergism between amphotricin B and ethanolic extract of E. platyloba was assessed by micro broth dilution assay. Amphotricin B was diluted at concentration between 16-0.125 µg ml-1. Each tube contains 0.78 mg ml-1 E. platyloba extract. The MIC and MBC of Amphotricin B was recorded. Results: The MIC and MBC of ethanolic extract of E. platyloba and amphotricin B against C. albicans were 3125, 1560 µg ml-1 and 2, 8 µg ml-1 respectively. The MIC, MBC of amphotricin B decreased to 1, 2 µg ml-1 when 0.78 mg ml-1 of extract was added. Conclusion: Amphotricin B is a potent antifungal agent and MIC and MBC of E. platyloba is 780, 390 times less potent than amphotricin B, but usage the amphotricin B and E. platyloba extract in combination increased the potency of amphotricin B which shows a synergistic effect.}, Keywords = {Amphotricin B, <,i>,Echinophora platyloba<,/i>,, Extract, Dermatophytes, Yeast}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {36-43}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-363-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-363-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Ghahrae, M and Khadiv-Parsi, P and Kaffashi, B and Momajjed, A and Babaee, J}, title = {Microemulsion Preparation from Pumpkin Seed Oil (Cucurbita pepo) as an Oral Drug Carrier}, abstract ={Background: One of the modern Drug Delivery methods is the use of microemulsion for oral delivery of insoluble drugs .To use medicinal plants oil in these systems resulted in therapeutic solution for carrying lipophilic drugs. Pumpkin seed oil is one of the plant oils with high therapeutic properties especially in BPH treatment .The oil has significant absorption in the body. Objective: Microemulsion Preparation from Pumpkin Seed Oil for Oral Drug Delivery Methods: -To choose surfactants and cosurfactants based on oil components structure -To formulate the ingredients with different methods in different conditions -To study the repeatability and stability of samples -To measure particle size Result: Short chained alcohols are not suitable cosurfactants for this research. The best result is obtained with polysorbate 80 as a surfactant and sugar as a cosurfactant. Addition of polymer has no effect on the stability of microemulsion. On the other hand, stirring has no effect in bench scale. It would be better to conduct the experiments at room temperature. Conclusions: Pumpkin oil O/W microemulsion contained 5-10 % oil could be prepared by polysorbate 80 as a surfactant and sugar as a cosurfactant.}, Keywords = {Microemulsion, Pumpkin seed oil, Drug delivery}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {44-53}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-364-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-364-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Iravani, M}, title = {Clinical Effects of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil on Primary Dysmenorrhea}, abstract ={Background: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological complaints in women. The use of Zataria multiflora is recommended in traditional medicine for the relief of dysmenorrhea. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of Zataria multiflora essential oil for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This study was a randomized, double – blind, placebo- controlled, clinical trail. 108 adolescents 18 - 24 years, who complained of primery dysmenorrhea were graded mild, moderate and severe on the basis of a verbal multidimensional scoring system. Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups: The first group (N=36) received placebo, the second group (N=36) received the essence of Zataria multiflora 1% and the third group (N=36) received the essence of Zataria multiflora 2%. The trial medicines were administered as soon as pain feeling (25 drops q 4h orally). Subjects evaluated for 3 cycles. Intensity of pain was reported by using a 10-point linear analog technique and Multi Dimensional System. Statistical analyses were performed by the paired T– test and Chi – Square and ANOVA test. The accepted level of significant was p < 0.05. Results: After of intervention, Mean of dysmenorrhea severity was decreased from 7.8+/-1.6 to 7.4 +/- 1.8 in placebo group, from 7.3+/-1.5 to 3.1 +/- 1.5 in Zataria multiflora essential oil 1% group and from 7.5+/-1.7 to 2.6 +/- 1.4 in Zataria multiflora essential oil 2% group respectively. A significant difference was observed between two treated groups, and placebo (P<0/001). The evaluation of treatment is significantly improved in the treated groups compared with placebo, but it was not different between treated groups. In the placebo group, 66.7% of patients needed to use other medication to relief symptoms, but in 1% and 2% Zataria multiflora essential oil treated groups, 41.8% and 39.9% of patients needed to use other medications, respectively (p< 0/008). Conclusions: The essence of Zataria multiflora can be used as a effective herbal drug for primary dysmenorrhea.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Zataria multiflora<,/i>, essential oil, Primary Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual pain}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {54-60}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-365-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-365-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Javanmard, M and Ramazan, Y}, title = {Application of Edible Coatings Incorporated Avishan-e Shirazi (Zataria multifora) Alcoholic Extract for Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth on the Pistachio Kernel}, abstract ={Background: Antimicrobial packaging is a form of active packaging that could extend the shelf-life of foods and provides microbial safety for consumers. In order to control undesirable microorganisms on food surfaces, volatile and non-volatile antimicrobial agents can be incorporated into polymers. Incorporation of essential oils and other antifungal agents in edible films composition is an antimicrobial packaging that able to inhibit fungal growth on the pistachio and aflatoxins production. Objective: The antifungal activity of Avishan-e Shirazi (Zataria multifora) extracts against Aspergillus flavus in whey protein concentrate-based coating on pistachio kernels was investigated. Methods: The antifungal effect of Avishan-e Shirazi extracts was investigated in culture media by direct method (cup plate method) and application of whey protein concentrate (WPC) films as discs (disc deffusion method) incorporated with different concentrations of extracts. In order to evaluate the antifungal effect of extract in pistachio kernels coated with different concentrations of extract inoculated with a culture media discs contain 9-day-old growing A. flavus colony and the growth rate of inoculated discs were measured during 1 week. Results: In experimental condition, minimal inhibition concentration was achieved by 90 ppm of ahcoholic extract (30 percent concentration). The results also showed that WPC coating incorporated with 2500 ppm of Zataria multiflora extracts on pistachio kernels inhibited A. flavus growth totally. Conclussion: Regarding to application of importance of contamination with toxigenic fungi in pistachio kernel is suggested the application of Avishan-e Shirazi extract incorporated in edible coatings for toxigenic fungi growth and toxin production in foods.}, Keywords = {Pistachio, Edible coatings, Avishan - e Shirazi (<,i>,Zataria multifora<,/i>,), Whey protein, <,i>,Aspergillus flavus<,/i>,}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {61-70}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-366-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-366-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Ayoughi, F and Barzegar, M and Sahari, MA and NaghdiBadi, H}, title = {Antioxidant Effect of Dill (Anethum graveolens Boiss.) Oil in Crude Soybean Oil and Comparison with Chemical Antioxidants}, abstract ={Background: Today, the growing interest has been focused on the use of medicinal plants and their active components as natural sources, due to their well-known abilities to scavenge free radical. Antioxidant effectively and to different ways can prevent from reaction free radical with biomolecules (e.g., protein, amino acids, lipid and DNA) and cause reducing cell injury and death, chronic diseases and cancers. Objective: To determine the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Anethum graveolens Boiss. in crude soybean oil. Methods: In this study, essential oil was obtained from the seeds and it was analyzed by GC/MS. The chemical compositions were identified. The antioxidant activity was investigated with two methods, DPPH free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid. Also, antioxidant activity of essential oil was determined by measuring peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values in crude soy bean oil and results were compared with synthetic antioxidant BHT and BHA. Results: Results showed that six major components in the essential oil were: D-carvone (36.09%), limonene (19.89%), dill apiole (16.83%), E-dihydrocarvone (7.36%), Z-dihydrocarvone (6.59%) and thymol (6.5%). In DPPH∙ system, the EC50 value of Anethum graveolens essential oil was determined as 2.57 ± 1.52 mg/ml. This parameter for BHT was 0.016 ± 0.001. By the β-carotene bleaching system, antioxidant activity of essential oil at 7 mg/ml (77.29%) that was almost equal to BHT at 0.1 mg/ml. In oven test, essential oil could inhibit of primary and secondary oxidation products of crude soy bean oil at 0.6 mg/ml that was almost equal to BHA at 0.1 mg/ml. Conclusion: Results showed that the essential oil of Anethum graveolens could be used as a natural antioxidant in foodstuffs after complementary tests and it causes functionality in them.}, Keywords = {Dill (<,i>,Anethum graveolens<,/i>,), Essential oil, Antioxidant activities, Soybean oil}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {71-83}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-367-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-367-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Roohbakhsh, A and Karimi, GR}, title = {In vitro Evaluation of Xanthine oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Six Medicinal Plants}, abstract ={Background: Overproduction of uric acid by xanthine oxidase (XO) causes gout. XO inhibitors such as allopurinol, are the most important available anti-gout drugs. Medicinal plants are available natural sources that may be useful for the treatment of gout. Objective: In this study, the XO inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Mentha longifolia, Cichorium intybus, Capparis spinosa and Trigonella foenum-graecum that their anti-gout effects have been reported in the literature, were measured. Methods: In these experiments, under controlled conditions xanthine turns into uric acid by XO. Uric acid absorbance was measured at 295 nm using a UV spectrophotometer. Adding allopurinol (as positive control) or aqueous extracts to the solution containing XO, can decrease uric acid production by inhibition of this enzyme. At first, XO inhibitory activity of allopurinol and reproducibility of the method were evaluated by conducting three experiments. After that, the XO inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/ml were measured. Results: The results showed an EC50= 0.38 μg/ml for allopurinol. The obtained data showed that Mentha longifolia in compare with its control could inhibit enzyme up to 72% (p< 0.001) at 3 mg/ml. Maximum XO inhibitory activity of Phaseolus vulgaris at 3 mg/ml in compare with its control was 27% (p< 0.001). Other extracts did not have any significant effect on XO. Conclusion: The results showed that part of the anti-gout effects of Mentha longifolia and Phaseolus vulgaris is due to XO inhibition.}, Keywords = {Medicinal plants, Gout, Xanthine oxidase, Aqueous extract}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {84-91}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-368-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-368-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {KasraKermanshahi, R and NasrEsfahani, B and Pourbabaie, AA and Asghari, GhR and EsmiSerkani, J}, title = {The Study of Antibacterial Effect of Humulus lupulus on some of Gram Positive & Gram Negative Bacteria}, abstract ={Background: In recent years, a new view has been stablished toward pharmaceutical plants and applicational use of them all over the world and researchers, in various medical courses are investigating about this issue. Objective: On this basis, antibacterial effect of Humulus lupulus, the pharmaceutical plant which has an important place in traditional medicine of Iran, was evaluated on some of bacteria. Methods: Based on scientific methods after being dried, prepared extract by using macerasion method. Antibacterial effects of ethanol extract were studied on Staphylococcus aureus (1112PTCC), Escherichia coli (1276PTCC), Bacillus subtilis (1023PTCC), Psedomonas aeroginosa (1430PTCC), by using spreading method, well plate method and MIC. Results: The ethanol extract of Humulus lupulus showed antimicrobial activity on S. aureus and B. subtilis. The extract exhibited antimicrobial activity at a range of 125 mg/ml to 62/5 mg/ml against S. aureus and B. subtilis respectively. Conclusion: With the increase of worldwide antibiotic resistance of many strains of disease producing bacteria, there is a need to access new and complementary approaches to antibiotic therapy. Extract of Humulus lupulus has antibacterial effect. The antimicrobial activity of Humulus lupulus against a variety of gram positive bacteria confirm its use for treatment of infectious.}, Keywords = {Alcohol Extract, <,i>,Humulus lupulus<,/i>,, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {92-97}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-369-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-369-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Omidi, H and NaghdiBadi, H and Golzad, A and Torabi, H and Footoukian, MH}, title = {The Effect of Chemical and Bio-fertilizer Source of Nitrogen on Qualitative and Quantitative Yield of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)}, abstract ={Background: Biofertilizers are an alternative to mineral fertilizers for increasing soil productivity and plant growth in sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the effects of biofertilizers on valuable medicinal plants such as saffron. Objective: To determine the effects of chemical and bio-fertilizer nitrogen on quantitative yield and some quality components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Methods: This study has been conducted in Absard region, north of Tehran, Iran along 2006-2008 in a randomized complete block design with three replications and four fertilizer treatments. The treatments were n1 (Control or no applying nitrogen fertilizer), n2 (150 kg/ha nitrogen as urea), n3 (5 kg/ha bio-fertilizer as Nitroxine) and n4 (a mixture of 2.5 kg/ha bio-fertilizer as Nitroxine + 75 kg/ha nitrogen as urea). Results: The results showed that fertilizer treatments had significant effects (p<0.01) on fresh stigma and style length, leaf length, leaf number, saffron yield (dry weight of stigma and style), and content of Safranal, Crocine and Picrocrocine. Although the maximum yield of stigma and style were obtained in n2 treatment (150 kg/ha nitrogen) and n4 (a mixture of 2.5 kg/ha bio-fertilizer as Nitroxine + 75 kg/ha nitrogen as urea), the application of bio-fertilizer (n3) increased the saffron yield about 0.83% more than control treatment. However, n3 (5 kg/ha bio-fertilizer as Nitroxine) was the best treatment in respect of safranal and picrocrocine content. Also, the maximum content of crocine was obtained in n4 (a mixture of 2.5 kg/ha bio-fertilizer as Nitroxine + 75 kg/ha nitrogen as urea). Conclusion: Application of the chemical/bio- fertilizer increased qualitative and quantitative Yield yield of saffron. Also, the application of nitroxine can be in order to reduction in application of nitrogen fertilizer in agro-ecosystem which is attitude toward the minimize of environmental pollution and sustainable agriculture.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Crocus sativus<,/i>, L., Nitrogen, Yield, Bio-Fertilizer, Safranal, Crocine, Picrocrocine}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {98-109}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-370-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-370-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Sharififar, F and Moshafi, MH and Dehghan, GR and Ameri, A and Alishahi, F}, title = {Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Essential Oil and Various Extracts of Cinnamon and Ginger using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSL)}, abstract ={Background: The bark of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume.) and rhizome of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) have been widely used as spice in Iranian diets. Objective: The aim of the present study is the evaluation of cytotoxicity of the essential oil and various extracts of these two plants using Brine shrimp lethality assay (BSL). Methods: The plants were prepared from a local market and their scientific names were confirmed with microscopic analysis. The essential oils and various extracts in increasing polarity order were prepared with hydro distillation and percolation method respectively. The cytotoxicity of all fractions was evaluated using BSL method in 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml concentrations. Results were analyzed using software of probit analysis. Results: Chloroform, essential oil and ether extracts of cinnamon with LC50 = 9, 10 and 18 μg/ml respectively ) and essential oil, petroleum ether, methanol and chloroform extracts of Ginger with LC 50 = 0.03, 4.03, 7.9 and 8.89 μg/ml exhibited the most cytotoxicity in comparing to potassium dichromate (LC50= 27.75 μg/ml). Conclusion: All of the fractions from the bark of Cinnamon and rhizome of Ginger exhibited high cytotoxicity. However it is needed more separation and identification of active components on the basis of this biological activity. If these results would confirm with the other bioassays, it is suggested to make safety recommendations for daily consumption of these two plants.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Artemia salina<,/i>,, Cinnamon, Ginger, Cytotoxicity, Brine shrimp lethality}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {110-119}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-371-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-371-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Ghani, A and Azizi, M and Pahlavanpour, AA and Hassanzadeh-Khayyat, M}, title = {Comparative Study on the Essential Oil Content and Composition of Achillea eriophora DC. in Field and Wild Conditions}, abstract ={Background: Achillea eriophora is an important species of Achillea that is native (Endemic) in Iran. It grows exclusively in the South provinces of Iran especially “Fars” province. It contains higher level of essential oil in comparison to other species. Objective: Study on the essential oil composition of Achillea eriophora DC. in wild conditions and comparison to field condition. Methods: Top flowering part of the Achillea eriophora wild population was collected from “Jahrom” (“Mohammad Abad” village in 10th Km of the South-East of “Jahrom”) in the South of “Fars” province on June 2006. The essential oils of the samples were extracted by “Clevenger” apparatus and its constituents determined by GC and GC-MS. Also, the seeds of this plant also cultivated in September 2006 in Mashhad region. On July 2007, top flowering parts of the cultivated plants harvested at full flowering stage. After drying, essential oils content of the samples determined and its components detected as mentioned for wild samples. Results: The essential oils content of the wild and cultivated samples were 2 % and 2.25% v/w respectively. In wild samples thirty components were identified and the major components were: Camphor (30.4%), 1,8-Cineole (25.24%), Camphene (6.21%)، α-Pinene (4.49%) and Myrcene (3.91%). Thirty-six components determined in the cultivated samples and the main components were: Camphor (28.98%), 1,8-Cineole (26.98%), Camphene (5.98%) and α-Pinene (4.23%). Conclusion: In cultivated samples, essential oil content and constituents increased but the relative content of the main constituents decreased.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Achillea eriophora<,/i>,, 1, 8- Cineole, Adaptability, Chemotype, Endemic plants}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {120-128}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-372-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Hejazi, SH and Shirani-Bidabadi, L and Zolfaghari–Baghbaderani, A and Saberi, S and Nilforoushzadeh, MA and Moradi, SH and Mahmoudi, M and Khosravi, SH and Ataei, A}, title = {Comparision Effectivness of Extracts of Thyme, Yarrow, Henna and Garlic on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by L. major in Animal Model (Balb/c)}, abstract ={Background: Leishmaniasis is not as severe as other diseases, often lesions are selfhealing. For various reason as long lasting duration of lesions and treatment, disfiguring scar reminding, secondary infection in lesions, have comfortable treatment method and accessible with less cost, it is necessary various method of treatment with less side effect. The results of previous studies showed that Indoleanalogues, Terpens, Iridoids, Quinones and Alkaloid hemisynthetic derivatives have promising antileishmanial potential. These derivatives were found in Thyme, Henna Yarrow and Garlic. Objective: Access to formulation drug without harmful chemical material and without side effect. Methods: After Inoculation of parasite in base tail of mice, during of three weeks caused lesions in inoculation place, then animal divided to 9 groups. In this study we used 4 alchoholic extract solution 2 times a day. we checked lesions weekly for six week and meseaured size of lesion in the base of tail with kulis – vernieh. Data of study analyzed with Anova, Paired t test and schefeh. Results: We observed significant difference between mean of lesion in before and after treatment in control, Yarrow (Bomadaran) and Thyme (Avishan) groups (p<0.05). Paired t test showed that there were not significant difference between mean of lesion in after treatment between groups of treatment and glucantime groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Alchoholic extract to Avishan and Boomadaran have good effect on lesions treatment, we suggest that the study could be repeated with Thyme (Avishan) and Yarrow (Bomadaran) extract in gel or cream base in first stage of lesions appearance.}, Keywords = {Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Balb/c, <,i>,Thyme<,/i>,, <,i>,Yarrow<,/i>,, <,i>,Henna<,/i>,, <,i>,Garlic<,/i>,}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {129-136}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-373-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-373-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mahboubi, M and Feizabadi, MM}, title = {The Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme, Sweet Marjoram, Savory and Eucalyptus oils on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus}, abstract ={Background: The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in aviculture threatens the health of fowl and humans. Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana), savory (Satureja hortensis) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) are Iranian herbal medicines that are used in folk medicines. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these oils separately and in combination against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus in vitro condition. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils against different isolates of microorganisms was evaluated by disc diffusion and macro broth dilution assays. Results: The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of thyme, sweet marjoram and savory oils against different bacteria and fungi were more than the eucalyptus oil. When ethanol was used as a solvent in comparison with dimethyl sulfoxide, the antimicrobial activity of oils was increased. The type of solvent creates meaningful discrepancy on effectiveness of oils (p<0.001). In disc diffusion method, the fungi were sensitive than bacteria and A. niger was more sensitive than A. flavus. The sensitivity of bacteria was dependent to the type of bacteria and essential oil and the oils showed inhibitory effect against fungi and the fungicidal effect of oils were weaker than bactericidal effect. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activities of effective oils were related to thymol and carvacrol components in respect. Due to limitations in usage of chemical compounds in poultry and food industries, the essential oils look to be appropriate alternatives for some disinfectants to control the human and animal diseases in the future.}, Keywords = {Aviculture, Thyme, Sweet marjoram, Savory, Eucalyptus}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {137-144}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-374-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-374-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Monsef-Esfahani, HR and SharifiAghdam, E and Amini, M and Faramarzi, MA and Shahverdi, AR and Hajiaghaee, R}, title = {Antimicrobial Activity of Total Extract and Fractions of Geum kokanicum}, abstract ={Background: Geum kokanicum Regel et schmath, a member of Rosaceae family, is an endemic perennial rhizomatous plant of Iran. This plant has a consideration attention in the treatment of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. Objective: In this study, the anti bacterial effects of total extract and fractions of rhizome of plant were investigated. Methods: Rhizomes of G. kokanicum were collected in June 2006 from Bojnourd (khorasan province). The dried rhizomes were extracted with ethanol to prepare the total extract. Another part of the rhizomes was separately extracted with petrolium ether, dichloromethane, methanol and water successively in order to obtain different fractions. The antibacterial effects of total extract and fractions were investigated with disc diffusion method. Results: The results shows Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible against total extract and methanol fraction. This fraction (10 mg/disc) was indicated the largest zone diameters (19 mm). The MIC Values of total extract was investigated. Among the bacterial strains, Staphylococcus epidermitus demonstrated high sensitivity to the total extract of G. kokanicum (0.125 mg/ml). Conclusion: The zone diameters of total extract was 18 mm on S. aureus in 10 mg/disc. Phytochemical analysis of total extract was shown the large amounts of tanan compounds. We suspect the antibacterial effect is for tanan compounds. This was demonstrated by bioautography method analysis of tanan part isolated form methanol fraction.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Geum kokanicum<,/i>,, Tanan, Anti microbial effect}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {145-151}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-375-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-375-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Rahimifard, N and Pakzad, SR and Shoeibi, Sh and Hedayati, MH and Hajimehdipour, H and Motaharinia, V and Mehrafshan, L and Javadi, A and Pirali-Hamedani, M}, title = {Effects of Essential oil and Extract of Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora and Eugenia caryophilata on Vero, Hela, HepII cell lines by MTT Assay}, abstract ={Background: Natural flavors essential oils are almost present in various food stuffs, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Safety assessment of these food additives should be seriously considered as long as their due wide applications are favorable. Objective: Natural flavors essential oils are widely used in various foods, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. These kinds of additives are applied as colors, preservatives, aroma, antioxidant agents and tasting agents. In some cases, it may happen that the large use of some of these additives may accompany with some concerns and unwanted toxic disturbs. Methods: In this study, Concentrations of 24, 12, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.75, 0.375, 0.1875 ppm (µg/ml) of three essential oils, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris and Zataria multiflora, were tested in MTT assay with three cell line Vero, Hep2, Hela. Results: All three Essential oils and extracts were shown cytopathological effects on three cell lines in MTT assay in at least 0.04 µg/ml to maximum 3.0 µg/ml concentrations. Conclusion: Based on obtained results, all studied essential oils and extracts may have cytopathologic effect in specific concentrations so suggested using of these compound should be performed with considering their proper concentration and more safety studies on them.}, Keywords = {<,i>,Eugenia caryophilata<,/i>,, <,i>,Thymus vulgaris<,/i>,, <,i>,Zataria multiflora<,/i>,, Cytopathic effects, MTT Assay, Vero, Hela, hep2 cell lines}, volume = {8}, Number = {30}, pages = {152-156}, publisher = {Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR}, url = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://jmp.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants}, issn = {2717-204X}, eissn = {2717-2058}, year = {2009} }