en The Anti-inflammatory and Anti-viral Effects of an Ethnic Medicine: Glycyrrhizin فارماكوگنوزی و فارماسيوتيكس Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics پژوهشی Research <div style="text-align:justify;"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span>The extract of licorice (<em>Glycyrrhiza glabra </em>L.) has been widely used for many centuries in the traditional Chinese medicine as native anti-allergic agent. Glycyrrhizin (GL), a triterpenoid-saponin, extracted from the roots of licorice is the most effective compound for inflammation and allergic diseases in human body. The biological and pharmacological studies revealed that GL possesses many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and liver protective effects, and the biological effects, such as induction of cytokines (interferon-</span></span><span style="font-family:Symbol COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">g</span><span new="" roman="" times=""><span> and IL-12), chemokines as well as extrathymic T and anti-type 2 T cells. This review describes (i) the pharmacological property of GL as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-viral drug (ii) the biochemical characteristics of several GL-binding proteins (gbPs) involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of 68GL and the GL-induced selective inhibition of the phosphorylation of these gbPs by GL-binding protein kinases <em>in vitro</em> and (iii) the mechanisms involved in the GL-induced inhibition of the replication of both RNA and DNA viruses. In addition, recent reports concerning the mechanical actions involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of GL <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> and its clinical effects on chronic active liver disease and viral infection are summarized. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: " times="">The extract of licorice (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Glycyrrhiza glabra </i>L.) has been widely used for many centuries in the traditional Chinese medicine as native anti-allergic agent. Glycyrrhizin (GL), a triterpenoid-saponin, extracted from the roots of licorice is the most effective compound for inflammation and allergic diseases in human body. The biological and pharmacological studies revealed that GL possesses many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and liver protective effects, and the biological effects, such as induction of cytokines (interferon-</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">g</span><span new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: " times=""> and IL-12), chemokines as well as extrathymic T and anti-type 2 T cells. This review describes (i) the pharmacological property of GL as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-viral drug (ii) the biochemical characteristics of several GL-binding proteins (gbPs) involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of 68GL and the GL-induced selective inhibition of the phosphorylation of these gbPs by GL-binding protein kinases <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in vitro</i> and (iii) the mechanisms involved in the GL-induced inhibition of the replication of both RNA and DNA viruses. In addition, recent reports concerning the mechanical actions involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of GL <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in vivo</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in vitro</i> and its clinical effects on chronic active liver disease and viral infection are summarized. </span></div> Glycyrrhizin, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-viral, Review Glycyrrhizin, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-viral, Review 1 28 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-415-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 F Shamsa فاضل شمسا 100319475328460038060 100319475328460038060 No Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran K Ohtsuki اهتسوکی ken@kitasato-u.ac.jp 100319475328460038061 100319475328460038061 Yes Genetical Biochemistry and Signal Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan Genetical Biochemistry and Signal Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan E Hasanzadeh الناز حسن‌زاده 100319475328460038062 100319475328460038062 No Cultivation and Development Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj Cultivation and Development Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj Sh Rezazadeh شمسعلی رضازاده 100319475328460038063 100319475328460038063 No Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran