en گياهان دارویی Medicinal Plants پژوهشی Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background</span></span><span lang="VI" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></b> <i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Phthorimaea operculella</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> (potato tuber moth) is among the most destructive pests of Solanaceous crops. Excessive use of chemical pesticides poses environmental and health concerns. Plant-derived materials offer environmentally friendly alternatives with lower ecological risk. <b>Objective:</b> In this research, the insecticidal toxicity of <i>Salvia hydrangea</i> DC. ex Benth essential oil and extract was evaluated on multiple life stages of <i>P. operculella</i>. Additionally, larval penetration and adults&rsquo; oviposition preferences were assessed.</span></span> <b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#222222">Bioassays were conducted at 25 &plusmn; 2 &deg;C, 65 &plusmn; 5 % relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 8:16 (L:D) in a completely randomized design with five replications per treatment. Probit analysis was used to estimate lethal concentrations (LC₅₀).</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <b>Results:</b> Adults were the most sensitive to <i>S. hydrangea</i> essential oil (LC₅₀ = 0.33 &micro;l/L air). The plant extract was more toxic to adults (LC₅₀ = 219.72 mg/L) than to eggs (LC₅₀ = 490.24 mg/L). Both the essential oil and the extract reduced larval penetration rates and significantly affected oviposition preferences of adult <i>P. operculella</i>. In addition, among homeopathic preparations tested, Silicea 30 C showed the greatest effect on potato growth parameters. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Salvia hydrangea</i> essential oil and extract exhibit substantial activity against <i>P. operculella</i> and can contribute to protecting stored potatoes from infestation. When used in combination with Silicea 30 C, these plant-derived products may be integrated into broader pest management programs. Further studies should evaluate field efficacy, non-target effects, and compatibility with compatible storage practices.</span></span></div> Botanical insecticide, Potato tuber moth, Larval penetration, Oviposition preference, Agrohomoeopathy 21 34 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7204-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nayereh Akbari nayereh.akbari@gmail.com 100319475328460049178 0009-0005-4213-3973 No Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Orouj Valizadegan o.valizadegan@urmia.ac.ir 100319475328460049179 100319475328460049179 Yes Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Asmar Soleymanzadeh soleymanzade.a@gmail.com 100319475328460049180 100319475328460049180 No Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran