en گياهان دارویی Medicinal Plants پژوهشی Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: Hemodialysis patients frequently experience anxiety and poor sleep quality, adversely affecting overall well-being. <b>Objective:</b> The objective is to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) and aromatherapy (AR), individually and in combination, on anxiety, sleep quality, and happiness among patients undergoing dialysis. <b>Methods:</b> A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 80 participants (mean age: 55.19 years) assigned to four groups: control (CL), aromatherapy (AR), virtual reality (VR), and aromatherapy with virtual reality (AR + VR). Assessments included demographic questionnaires, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Interventions lasted four weeks, with weekly 15-minute sessions, beginning 20 minutes post-dialysis. The AR group received rose essence via a mask, the VR group viewed calming nature scenes, and the AR+VR group received both interventions. <b>Results:</b> Analysis (SPSS v19) indicated that the AR + VR group showed a significant increase in happiness scores compared with other groups (P < 0.001) and reductions in both state and trait anxiety. The CL group exhibited a decline in sleep quality, whereas no significant sleep-quality improvements were observed in the intervention groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> Integrating VR and AR may reduce anxiety and enhance well-being among dialysis patients. Further research is needed to examine long-term effects and optimize intervention strategies.</span></span></div> Aromatherapy, Hemodialysis, Virtual reality, Anxiety, Sleep quality, Happiness 77 88 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7105-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fahimeh Heirati heyratifahime1364@gmail.com 100319475328460049247 0009-0006-5289-6146 No Department of Nursing, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Fatemeh Salmani Salmany_fatemeh@yahoo.com 100319475328460049248 100319475328460049248 No Department of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Manijeh Nasirizadeh m.nasiri@bums.ac.ir 100319475328460049249 100319475328460049249 Yes Department of Nursing, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iman Sarbisheh imansarbishe@yahoo.com 100319475328460049250 100319475328460049250 No Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran