en ژل نانو امولسیونی موضعی بر پایه پوست انار (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) برای عفونت پوست: فرمولاسیون و فعالیت ضد باکتریایی علیه <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> و <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> گياهان دارویی Medicinal Plants پژوهشی Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background:</span></span></b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Utilizing pomegranate peel as an antibacterial agent in topical formulations presents an opportunity for optimization through innovative drug delivery systems, notably encapsulating extracts and fractions within a nanoemulgel. <b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to formulate ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of pomegranate peel into nanoemulgels and assess their antibacterial activity against skin disease-causing bacteria. <b>Methods: </b>The methodology encompassed extraction, formulation, testing, and antibacterial assays involving maceration and fractionation using ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. The physical properties and antibacterial efficacy of the nanoemulgels were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Nanoemulsions derived from pomegranate peel ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate exhibited promising attributes, demonstrating 98.27 % and 98.77 % transmittance levels and zeta potentials of 0.18 mV and 0.32 mV. The nanoemulgel with ethanol had a pH of 6.62 &plusmn; 0.02, 6.86 &plusmn; 0.01, 6.3 &plusmn; 0.01 in 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 % concentrations. For nanoemulgels with ethyl acetate, the pH levels for concentrations 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 % are 6.58 &plusmn; 0.00, 6.80 &plusmn; 0.01, and 6.94 &plusmn; 0.01, respectively. These nanoemulgels displayed consistent odour, colour, and homogeneity characteristics, highlighting their suitability for topical application. The adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity assessments showed concentration-dependent variations, influencing effectiveness and user comfort. Notably, these nanoemulgels displayed substantial potential as antimicrobial agents against&nbsp;<i>S. aureus</i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>S. epidermidis</i>&nbsp;bacteria in inhibitory assays, signalling promise for addressing skin infections. <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, the study underscores the potential of nanoemulgels derived from pomegranate peel extracts as a natural alternative for topical antimicrobial therapy against skin infections.</span></span></div> Pomegranate peel, Nanoemulgel, Topical, antibacterial activity, S. aureus, S. epidermidis 52 68 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6809-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ratih Pramuningtyas راتیه پرامونینگتیاس rp110@ums.ac.id 100319475328460049060 100319475328460049060 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Central Java, Indonesia دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه محمدیه سوراکارتا، سوراکارتا، 57162، جاوه مرکزی، اندونزی Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa فلورا رامونا سیگیت پراکوئسوا frsp291@ums.ac.id 100319475328460049061 100319475328460049061 Yes Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه محمدیه سوراکارتا، سوراکارتا، 57162، جاوه مرکزی، اندونزی Sri Wahyuni سری واهیونی sw244@ums.ac.id 100319475328460049062 100319475328460049062 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Central Java, Indonesia دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه محمدیه سوراکارتا، سوراکارتا، 57162، جاوه مرکزی، اندونزی