en Effective Induction of Hairy Roots in Persian Poppy (<i>Papaver bracteatum</i> Lindl.) Using Sonication Method بيوتكنولوژی Biotechnology پژوهشی Research <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> <em>Papaver bracteatum</em> Lindl. Commonly known as Iranian poppy is an important medicinal plant due to the presence of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.<br> <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the hairy root culture as a novel method for thebaine production.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> To optimize the hairy root culture of <em>P. bracteatum, </em>five strains of <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes </em>(ATCC15834, C318, A13, 9453 and A4) were used by means of Sonication-Assisted <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated Transformation (SAAT).<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Strain C318 proved to be more efficient than the other strains to hairy root induction ability. Among different experimental conditions, the highest transformation rate (28.5 %) was observed 4 weeks after inoculation, once the explants were subjected to sonication (45 s) following a heat treatment of 41&deg;C for 5 min. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using <em>rolB</em> specific primers.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Strain C318 proved to be more efficient than the other strains to hairy root induction ability. Among different experimental conditions, the highest transformation rate (28.5 %) was observed 4 weeks after inoculation, once the explants were subjected to sonication (45 s) following a heat treatment of 41&deg;C for 5 min. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using <em>rolB</em> specific primers.</div> <strong>Background:</strong> <strong><em>Papaver bracteatum</em></strong> <strong>Lindl</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> Commonly known as Iranian poppy is an important medicinal plant due to the presence of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.</strong><br> <strong>Objective:</strong><strong> To evaluate the hairy root culture as a novel method for thebaine production.</strong><br> <strong>Methods:</strong><strong> To optimize the hairy root culture of </strong><strong><em>P. bracteatum</em></strong><strong><em>, </em></strong><strong>five strains of <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes </em>(ATCC15834, C318, A13, 9453 and A4) were used </strong><strong>by means of Sonication-Assisted <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated Transformation</strong><strong> (SAAT)</strong><strong>.</strong><br> <strong>Results:</strong><strong> Strain C318 proved to be more efficient than the other strains to hairy root induction ability. Among different experimental conditions, the highest transformation rate (28.5 %) was observed 4 weeks after inoculation, once the explants were subjected to sonication (45 s) following a heat treatment of 41&deg;C for 5 min. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using <em>rolB</em> specific primers.</strong><br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> Strain C318 proved to be more efficient than the other strains to hairy root induction ability. Among different experimental conditions, the highest transformation rate (28.5 %) was observed 4 weeks after inoculation, once the explants were subjected to sonication (45 s) following a heat treatment of 41&deg;C for 5 min. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using <em>rolB</em> specific primers.</strong> ,Papaver bracteatum, Lindl. Hairy root, Sonication-assisted ,Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Thebaine Papaver bracteatum, Lindl. Hairy root, Sonication-assisted , Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Thebaine 73 82 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1164-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 N Qavami N Qavami 100319475328460041236 100319475328460041236 No Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran M Azizi M Azizi 100319475328460041237 100319475328460041237 Yes Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد F Yazdian F Yazdian 100319475328460041238 100319475328460041238 No Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran A Qaderi A Qaderi 100319475328460041239 100319475328460041239 No Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran H Nemati H Nemati 100319475328460041240 100319475328460041240 No Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran