fa Effect of Aqueous Extract of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> on Pain and Inflammation Induced by Formalin in Male Mice فارماكولوژی و سم شناسی Pharmacology & Toxicology پژوهشی Research <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> Studies have emphasized the effect of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract on the reduction of pain and inflammation. <strong>Objective:</strong> In this research we investigated the mechanisms of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract in reducing pain and inflammation induced by formalin. <strong>Methods:</strong> Male Albino mice (weight 20 - 25 g) were evaluated through the injection of 2 microliters of formalin to the plantar part of right foot. Following this, the rate of animal foot pain and inflammation were measured using Dubbison-Dennis and immersion in mercury. <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract was injected 30 minutes before administration of formalin to the animals intraperitoneally. In addition, blood samples were taken from animals and corticosterone concentrations were measured. In an in vitro study the effect of extract on the activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 was assessed. <strong>Results:</strong> Our results showed that <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract inhibits the first and second phase of pain induced by formalin, while inflammation is slightly reduced. Also the effect of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract is reversible with naloxone or memantine administration. Also <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract could not increase plasma corticosterone level and was ineffective in activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzyme. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract can inhibit pain induced by formalin administration, but it seems that the reduction of pain is due to the possible interaction of components of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract with opioid and/or glutamate systems which occurs in the body and the mechanisms of inflammation reduction are not activated by the extract.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> Studies have emphasized the effect of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract on the reduction of pain and inflammation. <strong>Objective:</strong> In this research we investigated the mechanisms of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract in reducing pain and inflammation induced by formalin. <strong>Methods:</strong> Male Albino mice (weight 20 - 25 g) were evaluated through the injection of 2 microliters of formalin to the plantar part of right foot. Following this, the rate of animal foot pain and inflammation were measured using Dubbison-Dennis and immersion in mercury. <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract was injected 30 minutes before administration of formalin to the animals intraperitoneally. In addition, blood samples were taken from animals and corticosterone concentrations were measured. In an in vitro study the effect of extract on the activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 was assessed. <strong>Results:</strong> Our results showed that <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract inhibits the first and second phase of pain induced by formalin, while inflammation is slightly reduced. Also the effect of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract is reversible with naloxone or memantine administration. Also <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract could not increase plasma corticosterone level and was ineffective in activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzyme. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract can inhibit pain induced by formalin administration, but it seems that the reduction of pain is due to the possible interaction of components of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> extract with opioid and/or glutamate systems which occurs in the body and the mechanisms of inflammation reduction are not activated by the extract.</div> Trigonella foenum-graecum extract, Formalin test, Pain, Inflammation, Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzyme, Corticosterone Trigonella foenum-graecum extract, Formalin test, Pain, Inflammation, Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzyme, Corticosterone 22 32 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-103-8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 B Rastegar Moghadam B Rastegar Moghadam 100319475328460037469 100319475328460037469 No Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch H Ali-Beig H Ali-Beig 100319475328460037470 100319475328460037470 No Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch S Arbabian S Arbabian 100319475328460037471 100319475328460037471 No Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch Sh Farahbakhsh Sh Farahbakhsh 100319475328460037472 100319475328460037472 No Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch F Emami F Emami 100319475328460037473 100319475328460037473 No Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch Department of Biology, School of Science, AZAD Islamic University, Tehran North Branch L Golmanesh L Golmanesh 100319475328460037474 100319475328460037474 No Neurosciences Research Center, Baqyiatallah Medical Sciences University, Tehran Neurosciences Research Center, Baqyiatallah Medical Sciences University, Tehran H Zardooz H Zardooz 100319475328460037475 100319475328460037475 No Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences C Jalili C Jalili 100319475328460037476 100319475328460037476 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences H Sahraei H Sahraei h.sahraei@bmsu.ac.ir 100319475328460037477 100319475328460037477 Yes Neurosciences Research Center, Baqyiatallah Medical Sciences University Neurosciences Research Center, Baqyiatallah Medical Sciences University