en
jalali
1386
11
1
gregorian
2008
2
1
7
25
online
1
fulltext
en
Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety
Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety
Herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. The supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. Although a multitude of pharmaceutical agents are available for the treatment of mental disorders, physicians find that many patients cannot tolerate the side effects, do not respond adequately, or eventually lose their response. In comparison, many therapeutic herbs have far fewer side effects. They can provide an alternative treatment or be used to enhance the effect of prescription medications. This review will indicate the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for depression and anxiety.
Herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. The supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. Although a multitude of pharmaceutical agents are available for the treatment of mental disorders, physicians find that many patients cannot tolerate the side effects, do not respond adequately, or eventually lose their response. In comparison, many therapeutic herbs have far fewer side effects. They can provide an alternative treatment or be used to enhance the effect of prescription medications. This review will indicate the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for depression and anxiety.
Anxiety, Depression, Herbal medicine
Anxiety, Depression, Herbal medicine
1
7
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-34-14&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/6
1386/11/17
2008/03/7
1386/12/17
M
Kamalipour
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
M
Kamalipour
00319475328460038813
00319475328460038813
No
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
SH
Akhondzadeh
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
SH
Akhondzadeh
s.akhond@neda.net
00319475328460038814
00319475328460038814
Yes
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
Sh
Rezazadeh
00319475328460038815
00319475328460038815
No
en
Phytochemical and Biological Studies on the Different Organs of Tanacetum parthenium L. Cultivated in Egypt
Phytochemical and Biological Studies on the Different Organs of Tanacetum parthenium L. Cultivated in Egypt
Phytochemical investigation of Tanacetum parthenium L. family Asteraceae cultivated in Egypt resulted in isolation and identification of four flavonoids. One surface flavonoid was isolated from the fresh leaves and three other flavonoids were isolated from the flower heads. Four sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the leaves. Two sterols were isolated from the roots. A comparative study of the essential oil content of the leaves and the flower heads was performed using GC/MS. The results revealed the presence of 42 and 30 components in the leaves and the flower heads oil samples, respectively. The major components of both oil samples were camphor (constituted 37.7% and 48.4%) and chrysanthenyl acetate (constituted 33.8% and 26.3%) in the leaves and the flower heads, respectively. Different extracts of T. parthenium L. showed significant biological activities. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic and uterine-stimulant activities were studied in addition to the in vitro cytotoxic effect.
Phytochemical investigation of Tanacetum parthenium L. family Asteraceae cultivated in Egypt resulted in isolation and identification of four flavonoids. One surface flavonoid was isolated from the fresh leaves and three other flavonoids were isolated from the flower heads. Four sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the leaves. Two sterols were isolated from the roots. A comparative study of the essential oil content of the leaves and the flower heads was performed using GC/MS. The results revealed the presence of 42 and 30 components in the leaves and the flower heads oil samples, respectively. The major components of both oil samples were camphor (constituted 37.7% and 48.4%) and chrysanthenyl acetate (constituted 33.8% and 26.3%) in the leaves and the flower heads, respectively. Different extracts of T. parthenium L. showed significant biological activities. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic and uterine-stimulant activities were studied in addition to the in vitro cytotoxic effect.
<i>Tanacetum parthenium</i>, Santin, Parthenolide, Camphor, Chrysanthenyl acetate, Analgesic, Anti - inflammatory, Antipyretic, Antispasmodic, Uterine stimulant and cytotoxic
<i>Tanacetum parthenium</i>, Santin, Parthenolide, Camphor, Chrysanthenyl acetate, Analgesic, Anti - inflammatory, Antipyretic, Antispasmodic, Uterine stimulant and cytotoxic
8
22
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-419-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/22
1386/11/2
2008/03/72008/03/4
1386/12/14
MEM
Rateb
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Egypt
MEM
Rateb
mostafa19772002@yahoo.com
00319475328460038816
00319475328460038816
Yes
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Egypt
AAM
El-Gendy
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni - Sueif University, Egypt
AAM
El-Gendy
00319475328460038817
00319475328460038817
No
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni - Sueif University, Egypt
SS
El-Hawary
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
SS
El-Hawary
00319475328460038818
00319475328460038818
No
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
AM
El - Shamy
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
AM
El - Shamy
00319475328460038819
00319475328460038819
No
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
en
In vitro Screening of Bryophytes for Antimicrobial Activity
In vitro Screening of Bryophytes for Antimicrobial Activity
Background: Bryophytes, the previous land plants posses medicinally important bioactive compounds but with little information. Traditionally the bryophytes plants posses some bioactive components and therefore used throughout the world as drugs and remedies to cure the various diseases.
Objectives: Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of mentioned bryophytes on some pathogenic microorganisms.
Methods: Different Solvent fractions of selected bryophytes were obtained and dried in vacuum. Antimicrobial effect of these fractions was determined by agar diffusion method on different pathogenic microorganisms. The result was then compared with the standard antibiotics ampicillin and nystatin (10 ug/ml).
Results: Results indicated that the bryophyte extracts were found to be active against at least one of the test organisms except Racomitrium crispulum. The extracts that displayed antibacterial activity were neither always effective against the same organisms, nor consistent in magnitude of inhibition. Ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be more effective on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the fungi Aspergillus niger was most sensitive to the ethanolic extract of Plagiochasma appendiculatum and Bryum argentium.
Conclusion: Ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extract of nearly all bryophytes were found to be effective, therefore the study focuses on medicinal significance of bryophytes .
Background: Bryophytes, the previous land plants posses medicinally important bioactive compounds but with little information. Traditionally the bryophytes plants posses some bioactive components and therefore used throughout the world as drugs and remedies to cure the various diseases.
Objectives: Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of mentioned bryophytes on some pathogenic microorganisms.
Methods: Different Solvent fractions of selected bryophytes were obtained and dried in vacuum. Antimicrobial effect of these fractions was determined by agar diffusion method on different pathogenic microorganisms. The result was then compared with the standard antibiotics ampicillin and nystatin (10 ug/ml).
Results: Results indicated that the bryophyte extracts were found to be active against at least one of the test organisms except Racomitrium crispulum. The extracts that displayed antibacterial activity were neither always effective against the same organisms, nor consistent in magnitude of inhibition. Ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be more effective on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the fungi Aspergillus niger was most sensitive to the ethanolic extract of Plagiochasma appendiculatum and Bryum argentium.
Conclusion: Ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extract of nearly all bryophytes were found to be effective, therefore the study focuses on medicinal significance of bryophytes .
Bryophytes, Antimicrobial effect, Agar diffusion method
Bryophytes, Antimicrobial effect, Agar diffusion method
23
28
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-420-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/9
1386/11/20
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/15
1386/12/25
R G
Bodade
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
R G
Bodade
00319475328460038820
00319475328460038820
No
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
P S
Borkar
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
P S
Borkar
00319475328460038821
00319475328460038821
No
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
Md
Saiful Arfeen
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
Md
Saiful Arfeen
00319475328460038822
00319475328460038822
No
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
C N
Khobragade
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
C N
Khobragade
cnkhobragade@rediffmail.com
00319475328460038823
00319475328460038823
Yes
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
en
Petal and Stigma of Crocus sativus L. in the Treatment of Depression: A Pilot Double - blind Randomized Trial
Petal and Stigma of Crocus sativus L. in the Treatment of Depression: A Pilot Double - blind Randomized Trial
Stigma of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), commonly known as saffron, is the world’s most expensive spice and apart from its traditional value as food additive recent studies indicate its potential as antidepressant. Because saffron is expensive, using it daily to address depression may not be practical. Moreover, recent study indicated antidepressant effect of petal of Crocus sativus. As petal of Crocus sativus is not expensive compared to stigma, there will be economical interests for further investigations by pharmaceutical industries. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of petal of Crocus sativus with stigma of Crocus sativus in the treatment of depressed outpatients in a 6-week pilot double-blind randomized trial. Forty four adult outpatients who met the DSM- IV criteria for major depression based on the structured clinical interview for DSM- IV participated in the trial. Patients have a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 18. In this double-blind and randomized trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive capsule of petal of Crocus sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 1) and capsule of stigma of Crocus sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 2) for a 6-week study. At the end of trial, petal of Crocus sativus was found to be effective similar to stigma of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild to moderate depression (d.f.=1, F= 0.05, P=0.81). In addition, in the both treatments, the remission rate was 18%.There were no significant differences in the two groups in terms of observed side effects. The present study is supportive of other studies which show antidepressant effect of petal and stigma of Crocus sativus.
Stigma of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), commonly known as saffron, is the world’s most expensive spice and apart from its traditional value as food additive recent studies indicate its potential as antidepressant. Because saffron is expensive, using it daily to address depression may not be practical. Moreover, recent study indicated antidepressant effect of petal of Crocus sativus. As petal of Crocus sativus is not expensive compared to stigma, there will be economical interests for further investigations by pharmaceutical industries. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of petal of Crocus sativus with stigma of Crocus sativus in the treatment of depressed outpatients in a 6-week pilot double-blind randomized trial. Forty four adult outpatients who met the DSM- IV criteria for major depression based on the structured clinical interview for DSM- IV participated in the trial. Patients have a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 18. In this double-blind and randomized trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive capsule of petal of Crocus sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 1) and capsule of stigma of Crocus sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 2) for a 6-week study. At the end of trial, petal of Crocus sativus was found to be effective similar to stigma of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild to moderate depression (d.f.=1, F= 0.05, P=0.81). In addition, in the both treatments, the remission rate was 18%.There were no significant differences in the two groups in terms of observed side effects. The present study is supportive of other studies which show antidepressant effect of petal and stigma of Crocus sativus.
<i>Crocus sativus</i>, Depression, Herbal Medicine, Petal, Stigma
29
36
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-34-15&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/21
1386/11/1
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/17
1386/11/28
A
Akhondzadeh Basti
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran
A
Akhondzadeh Basti
00319475328460038824
00319475328460038824
No
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran
SA
Ghoreishi
Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan
SA
Ghoreishi
00319475328460038825
00319475328460038825
No
Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan
AA
Noorbala
Pychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
AA
Noorbala
00319475328460038826
00319475328460038826
No
Pychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
SH
Akhondzadeh
Pychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
SH
Akhondzadeh
s.akhond@neda.net
00319475328460038827
00319475328460038827
Yes
Pychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj
Sh
Rezazadeh
00319475328460038828
00319475328460038828
No
Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj
en
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Production Potential of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) During the Growth Cycle
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Production Potential of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) During the Growth Cycle
Background: Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a valuable medicinal plant with a high content of gamma linolenic acid. It has an important place in Iranian traditional medicine. Although the aerial parts of this plant are extensively used in treatment of diseases, detailed knowledge of the active constituent changes in these parts is not readily available. In addition the most data that has been reported are about oil seed of borage and its properties.
Objective: Thus, the study about changes in chemical composition/secondary metabolites at different growth stages is necessary.
Method: For this reason, in the present research the chemical composition including total phenol, total alkaloids, mucilage, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and tannins of the aerial parts were evaluated during different growth stages of borage.
Results: Results indicated that at each corresponding stage of development, starting from seedling stage until flowering stage the chemical compositions of borage aerial parts hadn't significantly differences. Only, there were significant differences (p<0.01) in the total ash and acid-insoluble ash and these two parameters were significantly increased with the development of plants, from seedling until flowering stage. In general, at all stage, the aerial parts showed similar quality in respect of chemical compositions.
Conclusion: Therefore the best harvesting time of the aerial parts is the flowering stage, because we achieved the highest fresh and dry weight at this stage.
Background: Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a valuable medicinal plant with a high content of gamma linolenic acid. It has an important place in Iranian traditional medicine. Although the aerial parts of this plant are extensively used in treatment of diseases, detailed knowledge of the active constituent changes in these parts is not readily available. In addition the most data that has been reported are about oil seed of borage and its properties.
Objective: Thus, the study about changes in chemical composition/secondary metabolites at different growth stages is necessary.
Method: For this reason, in the present research the chemical composition including total phenol, total alkaloids, mucilage, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and tannins of the aerial parts were evaluated during different growth stages of borage.
Results: Results indicated that at each corresponding stage of development, starting from seedling stage until flowering stage the chemical compositions of borage aerial parts hadn't significantly differences. Only, there were significant differences (p<0.01) in the total ash and acid-insoluble ash and these two parameters were significantly increased with the development of plants, from seedling until flowering stage. In general, at all stage, the aerial parts showed similar quality in respect of chemical compositions.
Conclusion: Therefore the best harvesting time of the aerial parts is the flowering stage, because we achieved the highest fresh and dry weight at this stage.
<i>Borago officinalis</i> L., Aerial parts, Chemical Composition, Growth Stages
<i>Borago officinalis</i> L., Aerial parts, Chemical Composition, Growth Stages
37
43
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-295-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/10
1386/9/19
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/16
1386/11/27
H
Naghdi Badi
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
H
Naghdi Badi
00319475328460038829
00319475328460038829
No
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Soroshzadeh
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Soroshzadeh
soroosh@modares.ac.ir
00319475328460038830
00319475328460038830
Yes
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)-Institute of Medicinal Plants Research,Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
00319475328460038831
00319475328460038831
No
Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)-Institute of Medicinal Plants Research,Tehran
M
Sharifi
Department of Plant Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
M
Sharifi
00319475328460038832
00319475328460038832
No
Department of Plant Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Ghalavand
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Ghalavand
00319475328460038833
00319475328460038833
No
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
A
Rezai
Iran Darouk Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran
A
Rezai
00319475328460038834
00319475328460038834
No
Iran Darouk Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran
en
Trypanocidal Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Against the Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanocidal Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Against the Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi
Background: Some of medicinal plants are a potential source of new drugs to improve the treatment of Chagase disease whose treatment is still a challenge. Here in this screening, the in vitro trypanocidal activity of some fractions for 16 medicinal plants, collected from the northern part of Iran, has been reported.
Methods: Aerial parts of the plants were dried carefully and followed by extraction with hexane and methanol, successively, by maceration at room temperature. Different concentrations of the plant extracts in ethanol were investigated against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi. The movement of epimastigotes was observed under a microscope. We assumed that immobilized organisms were died. The negative control contained ethanol in the same proportion utilized to dissolve the drugs. Each assay was performed in duplicate together with gentian violet as a positive control.
Results: Results show that hexane extracts of Rubus hyrcanus and Salvia sclerae have been observed the most activity against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi (MLC = 12.5 m g/ml). None of methanol fractions shows trypanocidal activity except Salvia sclerae (MLC =
50 m g/ml). Echium amoenum, Satureja macrantha, S. atropatana and Stachys laxa did not display activity lower than 100 m g/ml in both hexane and methanol extracts.
Conclusions: Some of Iranian medicinal plants (Salvia sclerae, Marrubium vulgare and Rubus hyrcanus) could be the promising source of active components against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi and need to further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Background: Some of medicinal plants are a potential source of new drugs to improve the treatment of Chagase disease whose treatment is still a challenge. Here in this screening, the in vitro trypanocidal activity of some fractions for 16 medicinal plants, collected from the northern part of Iran, has been reported.
Methods: Aerial parts of the plants were dried carefully and followed by extraction with hexane and methanol, successively, by maceration at room temperature. Different concentrations of the plant extracts in ethanol were investigated against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi. The movement of epimastigotes was observed under a microscope. We assumed that immobilized organisms were died. The negative control contained ethanol in the same proportion utilized to dissolve the drugs. Each assay was performed in duplicate together with gentian violet as a positive control.
Results: Results show that hexane extracts of Rubus hyrcanus and Salvia sclerae have been observed the most activity against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi (MLC = 12.5 m g/ml). None of methanol fractions shows trypanocidal activity except Salvia sclerae (MLC =
50 m g/ml). Echium amoenum, Satureja macrantha, S. atropatana and Stachys laxa did not display activity lower than 100 m g/ml in both hexane and methanol extracts.
Conclusions: Some of Iranian medicinal plants (Salvia sclerae, Marrubium vulgare and Rubus hyrcanus) could be the promising source of active components against the epimastigotes of T. cruzi and need to further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Trypanocidal activity, <i>Salvia sclerae</i>, <i>Rubus hyrcanus</i>
Trypanocidal activity, <i>Salvia sclerae</i>, <i>Rubus hyrcanus</i>
44
48
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-161-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/102008/01/21
1386/11/1
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/162008/02/17
1386/11/28
AR
Gohari
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
AR
Gohari
00319475328460038835
00319475328460038835
No
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
S
Saeidnia
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
S
Saeidnia
soodabehsaeidnia@hotmail.com
00319475328460038836
00319475328460038836
Yes
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
A
Hadjiakhoondi
00319475328460038837
00319475328460038837
No
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
A
Naghinejad
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
A
Naghinejad
00319475328460038838
00319475328460038838
No
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
T
Yagura
Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
T
Yagura
00319475328460038839
00319475328460038839
No
Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
en
The Effects of Autoclaving, Salt and Protein on Antimicrobial Activities of Iranian Sumac
The Effects of Autoclaving, Salt and Protein on Antimicrobial Activities of Iranian Sumac
Although many compounds have already approved for use in food as antimicrobials, research for finding greater number of these compounds are still interesting because most currently approved food antimicrobials have limited applications due to food compound interactions. Finding new food antimicrobials requires expensive investigations. Traditional herbal antimicrobial agents like sumac can play an important role. If it is demanded to promote sumac to the rank of a food antimicrobial agent, its stability and interactions must be evaluated. The evaluation of sumac heat stability was done by measuring MICs and MBCs of the extract against some food- related bacteria in extreme condition of autoclaving. The main components of sumac extract are tannic compounds. Tannins have interactions with salt and proteins, and they become sediment in such conditions. Antimicrobial activities of the extract were measured by well diffusion method in the presence of salt and protein and compared with the activities of pure extract. The results show that sumac is heat stable but has interactions with salt and proteins that reduce its activity against Gram- negatives.
Although many compounds have already approved for use in food as antimicrobials, research for finding greater number of these compounds are still interesting because most currently approved food antimicrobials have limited applications due to food compound interactions. Finding new food antimicrobials requires expensive investigations. Traditional herbal antimicrobial agents like sumac can play an important role. If it is demanded to promote sumac to the rank of a food antimicrobial agent, its stability and interactions must be evaluated. The evaluation of sumac heat stability was done by measuring MICs and MBCs of the extract against some food- related bacteria in extreme condition of autoclaving. The main components of sumac extract are tannic compounds. Tannins have interactions with salt and proteins, and they become sediment in such conditions. Antimicrobial activities of the extract were measured by well diffusion method in the presence of salt and protein and compared with the activities of pure extract. The results show that sumac is heat stable but has interactions with salt and proteins that reduce its activity against Gram- negatives.
Iranian sumac, Autoclaving, Food interactions, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC)
Iranian sumac, Autoclaving, Food interactions, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC)
49
53
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-70-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/102008/01/212008/01/16
1386/10/26
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/162008/02/172008/02/2
1386/11/13
Gh
Amin
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
Gh
Amin
amin@tums.ac.ir
00319475328460038840
00319475328460038840
Yes
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
MM
Ahmadian - Attari
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
Ahmadian - Attari
00319475328460038841
00319475328460038841
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
MR
Fazeli
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
MR
Fazeli
00319475328460038842
00319475328460038842
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
H
Jamalifar
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
Jamalifar
00319475328460038843
00319475328460038843
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
H
Ashtiani
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
H
Ashtiani
00319475328460038844
00319475328460038844
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
A
Ghobadi
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
Ghobadi
00319475328460038845
00319475328460038845
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
R
Shakiba
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
Shakiba
00319475328460038846
00319475328460038846
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
M
Khanlarbeik
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
Khanlarbeik
00319475328460038847
00319475328460038847
No
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
en
Trypanocidal Activity of Oil of the Young Leaves of Nepeta cataria L. Obtained by Solvent Extraction
Trypanocidal Activity of Oil of the Young Leaves of Nepeta cataria L. Obtained by Solvent Extraction
Trypanocidal activity was found in the volatile oil of the Young leaves of Nepeta cataria L. which has been extracted by diethyl ether and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Four compounds in the oil of N. cataria, representing 97.53% of the oil were identified. The oil was enriched of monoterpenes with α- citral (51.95%) as the major compound. Other main compounds were β- citronellol (9.03%), geraniol (4.31%) and nerol (32.24%). Nepetalactone was not detected in that oil.
Trypanocidal activity was found in the volatile oil of the Young leaves of Nepeta cataria L. which has been extracted by diethyl ether and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Four compounds in the oil of N. cataria, representing 97.53% of the oil were identified. The oil was enriched of monoterpenes with α- citral (51.95%) as the major compound. Other main compounds were β- citronellol (9.03%), geraniol (4.31%) and nerol (32.24%). Nepetalactone was not detected in that oil.
<i>Nepeta cataria</i>, Lamiaceae, trypanocidal, essential oil composition, α- citral, nerol
<i>Nepeta cataria</i>, Lamiaceae, trypanocidal, essential oil composition, α- citral, nerol
54
57
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-175-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/102008/01/212008/01/162007/12/23
1386/10/2
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/162008/02/172008/02/22008/02/8
1386/11/19
S
Saeidnia
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
S
Saeidnia
00319475328460038848
00319475328460038848
No
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
AR
Gohari
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
AR
Gohari
goharii@yahoo.com
00319475328460038849
00319475328460038849
Yes
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
Hadjiakhoondi
00319475328460038850
00319475328460038850
No
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran
en
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia annua L. Essential Oil from Iran
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia annua L. Essential Oil from Iran
The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) was analysed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-two components were identified in the essential oil of A. annua L. with campher (48.00%), 1,8-cineole (9.39%), camphene (6.98%) and spathulenol (4.89%) as major components. The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The activity was more pronounced against fungal organisms than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) was analysed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-two components were identified in the essential oil of A. annua L. with campher (48.00%), 1,8-cineole (9.39%), camphene (6.98%) and spathulenol (4.89%) as major components. The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The activity was more pronounced against fungal organisms than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Artemisia annua L., Essential oil, GC/MS, Antimicrobial activity
Artemisia annua L., Essential oil, GC/MS, Antimicrobial activity
58
62
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-421-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/102008/01/212008/01/162007/12/232008/01/10
1386/10/20
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/162008/02/172008/02/22008/02/82008/03/15
1386/12/25
MR
Verdian-rizi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
MR
Verdian-rizi
mverdian@razi.tums.ac.ir
00319475328460041077
00319475328460041077
Yes
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
E
Sadat-Ebrahimi
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
Sadat-Ebrahimi
00319475328460041078
00319475328460041078
No
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
A
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
Hadjiakhoondi
00319475328460041079
00319475328460041079
No
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
MR
Fazeli
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
Fazeli
00319475328460041080
00319475328460041080
No
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran
M
Pirali Hamedani
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
M
Pirali Hamedani
00319475328460041081
00319475328460041081
No
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
en
Comparison of Super Critical Fluid Extraction and Hydrodistillation Methods on Lavander΄s Essential Oil Composition and Yield
Comparison of Super Critical Fluid Extraction and Hydrodistillation Methods on Lavander΄s Essential Oil Composition and Yield
Background: Lavender’s essential oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and massage. Its major clinical benefits are on the central nervous system. Linalyl acetate and linalool are the most predominant chemical constituents in the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia.
Objective: Comparison of super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods on Lavander΄s essential oil composition and yield methods.
Method: In this work we extracted essential oil of this plant with two different methods SCFE and HD and further analyzed by GC and GC-MS method.
Results: seventeen compounds were identified in the oil which prepared by HD, the major components of them were j. pinene (35.9%) and lavandulyl acetate (14.1%). In the SCFE extracted sample, the most frequent components were linalyl acetate (73.5%) and lavandulyl acetate (7.5%).
Conclusion: According to obvious difference in the composition of the essential oils prepared by two different methods (SCFE & HD), it seems that extraction method differ chemical composition of the oil and probably affects pharmacological properties.
Background: Lavender’s essential oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and massage. Its major clinical benefits are on the central nervous system. Linalyl acetate and linalool are the most predominant chemical constituents in the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia.
Objective: Comparison of super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods on Lavander΄s essential oil composition and yield methods.
Method: In this work we extracted essential oil of this plant with two different methods SCFE and HD and further analyzed by GC and GC-MS method.
Results: seventeen compounds were identified in the oil which prepared by HD, the major components of them were j. pinene (35.9%) and lavandulyl acetate (14.1%). In the SCFE extracted sample, the most frequent components were linalyl acetate (73.5%) and lavandulyl acetate (7.5%).
Conclusion: According to obvious difference in the composition of the essential oils prepared by two different methods (SCFE & HD), it seems that extraction method differ chemical composition of the oil and probably affects pharmacological properties.
Lavender, Supercritical extraction, Hydrodistilation, Essential oil
Lavender, Supercritical extraction, Hydrodistilation, Essential oil
63
68
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-241-7&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/102008/01/212008/01/162007/12/232008/01/102008/02/19
1386/11/30
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/162008/02/172008/02/22008/02/82008/03/152008/03/8
1386/12/18
Sh
Rezazadeh
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
Sh
Rezazadeh
00319475328460038856
00319475328460038856
No
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
B. Z. B.F.
Baha - aldini
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
B. Z. B.F.
Baha - aldini
00319475328460038857
00319475328460038857
No
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
A
Vatanara
Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences /University of Tehran
A
Vatanara
00319475328460038858
00319475328460038858
No
Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences /University of Tehran
B
Behbahani
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
B
Behbahani
00319475328460038859
00319475328460038859
No
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
A
Rouholamini Najafabadi
Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences /University of Tehran
A
Rouholamini Najafabadi
00319475328460038860
00319475328460038860
No
Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences /University of Tehran
M
Maleky-Doozzadeh
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
M
Maleky-Doozzadeh
00319475328460038861
00319475328460038861
No
M
Yarigar-Ravesh
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
M
Yarigar-Ravesh
00319475328460038862
00319475328460038862
No
Pharmacognosy Department, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran
M
Pirali Hamedani
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran
M
Pirali Hamedani
mpirali@fdo.ir
00319475328460038863
00319475328460038863
Yes
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran
en
Determination of Tocopherols and Fatty Acids in Seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth
Determination of Tocopherols and Fatty Acids in Seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth
Background: The dried fruits of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Compositae) contain silymarin, an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans. Silymarin acts as a strong anti -hepatotoxic. This fruits contains a high amount of oil .
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine total lipid content, fatty acid composition and content of different kind of tocopherols in seed oils of S. marianum.
Method: Fatty acid compositon and a -, γ- and δ-tocopherol (vitamin E) content from seeds of Silybum maianum were investigated by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods.
Results and Conclusion: Total lipid percentage was approximately 25% and nine fatty acids including palmitic acid (8.25 %), palmeotic acid (0.07 %), Stearic acid (6.67 %), oleic acid (31.58 %), Isomer oleic acid (0.53 %), linoleic acid (45.36 %), linolenic acid (0.87 %), arashidic acid (4.11 %), eicozantoic acid (0.088 %) and behenic acid (2.6 %) were determined. a -, γ- and δ -tocopherol content were around 563.157, 88.87 and 163.791 mg Kg -1 DW respectively that could be a natural good sources of antioxidant.
Background: The dried fruits of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Compositae) contain silymarin, an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans. Silymarin acts as a strong anti -hepatotoxic. This fruits contains a high amount of oil .
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine total lipid content, fatty acid composition and content of different kind of tocopherols in seed oils of S. marianum.
Method: Fatty acid compositon and a -, γ- and δ-tocopherol (vitamin E) content from seeds of Silybum maianum were investigated by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods.
Results and Conclusion: Total lipid percentage was approximately 25% and nine fatty acids including palmitic acid (8.25 %), palmeotic acid (0.07 %), Stearic acid (6.67 %), oleic acid (31.58 %), Isomer oleic acid (0.53 %), linoleic acid (45.36 %), linolenic acid (0.87 %), arashidic acid (4.11 %), eicozantoic acid (0.088 %) and behenic acid (2.6 %) were determined. a -, γ- and δ -tocopherol content were around 563.157, 88.87 and 163.791 mg Kg -1 DW respectively that could be a natural good sources of antioxidant.
<i>Silybum marianum</i>, Fatty acid, Tocopherol, GC, HPLC
<i>Silybum marianum</i>, Fatty acid, Tocopherol, GC, HPLC
69
76
http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-74-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2008/02/62008/01/222008/02/92008/01/212007/12/102008/01/212008/01/162007/12/232008/01/102008/02/192008/01/10
1386/10/20
2008/03/72008/03/42008/03/152008/02/172008/02/162008/02/172008/02/22008/02/82008/03/152008/03/82008/02/12
1386/11/23
T
Hasanloo
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj
T
Hasanloo
thasanloo@yahoo.com
00319475328460038864
00319475328460038864
Yes
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj
M
Bahmanei
R;D labs, Savola Behshahr Ind. Co., 8 th. Km. Fath Highway, Tehran
M
Bahmanei
00319475328460038865
00319475328460038865
No
R;D labs, Savola Behshahr Ind. Co., 8 th. Km. Fath Highway, Tehran
R
Sepehrifar
Department of Physiology and Proteomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj
R
Sepehrifar
00319475328460038866
00319475328460038866
No
Department of Physiology and Proteomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj
F
Kalantari
R;D labs, Savola Behshahr Ind. Co., 8 th. Km. Fath Highway, Tehran
F
Kalantari
00319475328460038867
00319475328460038867
No
R;D labs, Savola Behshahr Ind. Co., 8 th. Km. Fath Highway, Tehran