Background: About 130 species of genus Anthemis occur throughout the world. Thirty-nine of them could be found in flora of Iran which Anthemis cotula is one of them. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of leaves and flowers essential oils of Anthemis cotula L. from Gilan province. Methods: In this study samples were collected from Rudbar in Gilan province on late June 2005. The volatile constituents of leaves and flowers of Anthemis cotula L. were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: The major constituents of flower oil were n-nonadecane (10.8%), cedrane (9.2%) and (E, E) --farnesene (6%), while the leaf oil contained 1-eicosane (11%), benzyl salicylate (8.9%) and aromadendrene (7.1%). Conclusion: This study indicated an obvious difference between chemical compositions in flowers and leaves of Anthemis cotula L. with other species of Anthemis.