Background: Salvia multicaulis is a permanent herb belongs to Lamiaceae family which wildely grows in most regions of Iran. This plant is used as flavour and tea.

Objectives: Investigation on the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia multicaulis from Lorestan province and comparison of these with other regions.

Methods: The aerial parts of the plant were collected from Broujerd in Lorestan province. The air-dried samples were subjected to hydrodistillation using by Cleavenger apparatus for 2 h (in yield of 0.3%). The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The samples were subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using DPPH and β-carotene-linoleic acid assay

Results: Forty-two constituents were identified, accounting for 90.96% of total oil. The main components of this oil were bornyl acetate (18.58%), borneol (17.16%), camphor (13.75%), camphene (5.62%) and β-caryophyllene (5.85%).The samples were subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene–linoleic acid assays. In general, in both method the methanolic extract exhibited greater antioxidant activities than essential oil.