year 18, Issue 72 And S12 (Supplement 12 2019)
J. Med. Plants 2019, 18(72 And S12): 267-273 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
sadat S S, mohammadi S, fazel A, sazegar G, ebrahimzadeh A, Ghayour Mobarhan M et al . Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of Carob Extract (Ceratonia siliqua) in Balb/C Mice. J. Med. Plants 2019; 18 (72) :267-273
URL: http://jmp.ir/article-1-2375-en.html
URL: http://jmp.ir/article-1-2375-en.html
Seyed sadegh Sadat1 
, Shabnam Mohammadi * 2, Alireza Fazel1 , Ghasem Sazegar1 , Alireza Ebrahimzadeh1 , Majid Ghayour Mobarhan3 , Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi4
, Shabnam Mohammadi * 2, Alireza Fazel1 , Ghasem Sazegar1 , Alireza Ebrahimzadeh1 , Majid Ghayour Mobarhan3 , Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi4
1- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran , mohammadish@mums.ac.ir
3- Biochemistry of Nutritional Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
4- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran , mohammadish@mums.ac.ir
3- Biochemistry of Nutritional Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
4- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract: (4875 Views)
Background: The Ceratonia siliqua is a species of medicinal plants of the Fabaceae family that has a very strong antioxidant activity.
Objective: In regard to, no research has been done so far on the toxicity of carob, this study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of carob fruit on histopathology of the liver and kidney, as well as serum levels of liver enzymes, urea and creatinine in adult male mice.
Method: In this experimental study, 35 adult male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, sham, and C200 to C800). The C200 to C800 groups received intraperitoneally doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of carob extract for 14 days. Blood samples were taken from the heart and after serum centrifugation, they were evaluated for liver enzymes, urea and creatinine. In addition, the liver and kidneys were examined histopathologically by staining hematoxylin and eosin. SPSS software and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
Results: There was no significant difference between the mean level of urea and creatinine in the groups received carob compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Besides, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the mean level of ALT and AST in the carob group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). In the liver sections, hepatocytes with normal central venous and normal port veins were visible. In the sections of the kidneys, the glomeruli were visible with normal kidney tubules.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the carob extract in these dosages not have a toxic effect on the liver and kidney of the mouse.
Objective: In regard to, no research has been done so far on the toxicity of carob, this study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of carob fruit on histopathology of the liver and kidney, as well as serum levels of liver enzymes, urea and creatinine in adult male mice.
Method: In this experimental study, 35 adult male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, sham, and C200 to C800). The C200 to C800 groups received intraperitoneally doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of carob extract for 14 days. Blood samples were taken from the heart and after serum centrifugation, they were evaluated for liver enzymes, urea and creatinine. In addition, the liver and kidneys were examined histopathologically by staining hematoxylin and eosin. SPSS software and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
Results: There was no significant difference between the mean level of urea and creatinine in the groups received carob compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Besides, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the mean level of ALT and AST in the carob group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). In the liver sections, hepatocytes with normal central venous and normal port veins were visible. In the sections of the kidneys, the glomeruli were visible with normal kidney tubules.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the carob extract in these dosages not have a toxic effect on the liver and kidney of the mouse.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Received: 2018/11/24 | Accepted: 2019/01/22 | Published: 2020/03/7
Received: 2018/11/24 | Accepted: 2019/01/22 | Published: 2020/03/7
References
1. Seczyk L, Swieca M and Gawlik-Dziki U. Effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour on the antioxidant potential, nutritional quality, and sensory characteristics of fortified durum wheat pasta. Food Chem. 2016; 194: 637 - 42 [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.086]
2. Batlle I and Tous J. Carob tree ceratonia siliqual. Publisher: international plant genetic resources institute, Italy, 2009, pp: 26 - 30.
3. Souli A, Sebai H, Chehimi L, Rtibi K, Tounsi H, Boubaker S, Sakly M, El-Benna J and Amri M. Hepatoprotective effect of carob against acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rat. Toxicol Ind Health. 2015; 31 (9): 802 - 10. [DOI:10.1177/0748233713475506]
4. Meziani S, Oomah BD, Zaidi F, Simon-Levert A, Bertrand C and Zaidi-Yahiaoui R. Antibacterial activity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Microbial Pathogenesis 2015 (78); 95 - 102. [DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2014.12.001]
5. Klenow S, Glei M, Haber B, Owen R and Pool-Zobel BL. Carob fibre compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008; 46 (4): 1389 - 97. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.003]
6. Mokhtary M, Sharifi A and Shahamir-Tabatabaee M. The effect of carob on liver function test in diabetic male rat. J. Shahrecord Univ. Med. Sci. 2013; 15 (3): 40 - 7.
7. Hassanein KMA, Youssef MKE, Ali HM and El-Manfaloty MM. The influence of carob powder on lipid profile and histopathology of some organs in rats. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2015; 24 (6): 1509 - 13. [DOI:10.1007/s00580-015-2108-x]
8. Mokh tary M, Sharifi E and Tabatabaee M. The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of ceratonia siliqua L seeds on glucose &lipid in male of rats. J. Sabzevar Univ. Med. Sci. 2011; 17 (3): 148 - 57.
9. Momtaz S. Tyrosinase inhibitors isolated from Ceratonia siliqua (L.) and Sideroxyloninerme (L.). Master of Science. University of Pretoria. 2007; 39 - 138.
10. Lall N, Kishore N, Momtaz S, Hussein A, Naidoo S, Nqephe M and Crampton B. Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Exhibits Depigmentation Properties. Phytother. Res. 2015; 29 (11): 1729 - 36. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.5420]
11. Mahgoub M. Ahmed. Biochemical studies on nephroprotective effect of carob growing in Egypt. Nature & Science J. 2010; 8 (3): 41 - 7.
12. Suzek H, Celik I and Dogan A. Nephroprotective Hepatoprotective Potential and Antioxidant Role of Carob Pods (Cerotonia siliqua L.) against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Rats. IJPER. 2017; 51 (2): 312 - 20. [DOI:10.5530/ijper.51.2.37]
13. Vafaei A, Mohammadi S, Fazel A, Soukhtanloo M, Mohammadi pour A and Beheshti F. Effects of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) on sperm quality, testicular structure, testosterone level and oxidative stress in busulfan-induced infertile mice. Pharm. Sci. 2018; 24 (2): 104 - 11. [DOI:10.15171/PS.2018.16]
14. Attari S, Mohammadi S, Ebrahimzadeh A, Hosseinzadeh H, Soukhtanloo M and Rajabzadeh A. Effects of thymoquinone on sperm parameters, apoptosis, testosterone level, and oxidative stress in a mouse model of D-galactose-induced aging. Pharm. Sci. 2018; 24 (3): 180-6. [DOI:10.15171/PS.2018.26]
15. Mohammadi S, Gholamin M, Mohammadi M, Mansouri A, Mahmoodian R, Attari S, Kebriaei SM, Zibaei B, Roshanaei M, Daneshvar F, Khandehro M, Khodadadegan MA, Delshad A, Mohammadzadeh F, Peyvandi M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Tavallaie S, Boroumand-Noughabi S and Ferns GAA. Down-regulation of CatSper 1 and CatSper 2 genes by lead and mercury. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2018; 59: 82 - 6. [DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.007]
16. Mohammadi S, Khakbaz M, Shoraka M, Vakil S, Moghimian M, mohammadzadeh F and et al. Effects of different doses of manganese on lead poisoning in the kidney of adult male mice. Koomesh 2016; 18 (1): 203 - 10.
17. Mohammadi S, Safari F, Zahra Seyedi, Seyed Hosseini E, Karimi F, Mohammadi M, Karimi M, Delshad A, Abtahi H and Mohammadzadeh F. Effect of different doses of N-acetyl cysteine on biochemical and histopathological parameters in kidney of formalin-treated. JKMU. 2016; 3 (5): 607 - 17.
18. Temiz MA, Temur A and Celik I. Antioxidant role and hepatoprotrctive effect of carob seeds against ethanol induced oxidative stress in rats. J. of Food Nutrition Res. 2015. 3 (1): 57 - 61.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
