year 18, Issue 72 And S12 (Supplement 12 2019)
J. Med. Plants 2019, 18(72 And S12): 133-142 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mohammadifar M, Taghizadeh M, Abed A, Soltani A, Tamtaji O, Khamechian T, et al . Effect of Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Cichorium intybus L. and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Combination Extract on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. J. Med. Plants 2019; 18 (72) :133-142
URL: http://jmp.ir/article-1-2279-en.html
URL: http://jmp.ir/article-1-2279-en.html
Mojgan Mohammadifar1 
, Mohsen Taghizadeh1 , Alireza Abed2 , Ali Soltani1 , Omidreza Tamtaji2 , Tahereh Khamechian3 , Alireza Hatami4 , Sayyed Alireza Talaei * 5
, Mohsen Taghizadeh1 , Alireza Abed2 , Ali Soltani1 , Omidreza Tamtaji2 , Tahereh Khamechian3 , Alireza Hatami4 , Sayyed Alireza Talaei * 5
1- Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
3- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
4- Barij Essence Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Iran
5- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran , talaei@kaums.ac.ir
2- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
3- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
4- Barij Essence Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Iran
5- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran , talaei@kaums.ac.ir
Abstract: (10649 Views)
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver damage from early steatosis to cirrhosis. Although NAFLD prevalence in the world is increasing, but there is no effective treatment for it.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined extract of jujube, chicory and silymarin on NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats.
Method: In this experimental study 40 male rats randomly were divided in two groups: a negative control group (n = 8) and a high-fat diet group (n = 32). After 4 months of feeding with HFD, rats were assigned into 4 groups (n = 8) including an HFD group and three groups receiving HFD and the extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 2 months. Finally, lipid profile, liver enzymes activity and liver histology were investigated.
Results: High-fat diet increased cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and decreased HDL levels (P<0.001). This diet also increased serum activity hepatic enzymes and lipid accumulation in liver tissue. Receiving the extract improved lipid profile and hepatic enzyme activity, dose-dependently. Histopathology of liver confirmed the change induced by HFD and protective effect of extract.
Conclusion: Treatment with combined extracts of jujube, chicory and silymarin improves high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD in rats.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined extract of jujube, chicory and silymarin on NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats.
Method: In this experimental study 40 male rats randomly were divided in two groups: a negative control group (n = 8) and a high-fat diet group (n = 32). After 4 months of feeding with HFD, rats were assigned into 4 groups (n = 8) including an HFD group and three groups receiving HFD and the extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 2 months. Finally, lipid profile, liver enzymes activity and liver histology were investigated.
Results: High-fat diet increased cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and decreased HDL levels (P<0.001). This diet also increased serum activity hepatic enzymes and lipid accumulation in liver tissue. Receiving the extract improved lipid profile and hepatic enzyme activity, dose-dependently. Histopathology of liver confirmed the change induced by HFD and protective effect of extract.
Conclusion: Treatment with combined extracts of jujube, chicory and silymarin improves high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD in rats.
Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Silybum marianum, Ziziphus jujuba, High-fat diet, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Type of Study: Short Communication |
Subject:
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Received: 2018/09/20 | Accepted: 2018/12/8 | Published: 2020/03/7
Received: 2018/09/20 | Accepted: 2018/12/8 | Published: 2020/03/7
References
1. Chan D F, Li A M, Chu W C, Chan M H, Wong E M and Liu E K. Hepatic steatosis in obese Chinese children. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2004; 28: 1257 - 63. [DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802734]
2. Kitade H, Chen G, Ni Y and Ota T. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Potential New Treatments. Nutrients 2017; 9 (4): 387. [DOI:10.3390/nu9040387]
3. Gungor N, Saad R, Janosky J and Arslanian S. Validation of surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. 2004; 144 (1): 47 - 55. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.09.045]
4. Xanthakos S, Miles L, Bucuvalas J, Daniels S, Garcia V and Inge T. Histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese adolescents. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006; 4 (2): 226 - 32. [DOI:10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00978-X]
5. Vajro P, Lenta S, Socha P, Dhawan A, McKiernan P and Baumann U. Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: position paper of the ESPGHAN Hepatology committee. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2012; 54 (5): 700 - 13. [DOI:10.1097/MPG.0b013e318252a13f]
6. Sharif M. A-R, Yoon J I, Kim H J, Kim J-S and Kang S C. Anti-inflammatory activity of seed essential oil from Zizyphus jujuba. Food and Chemical Toxicol. 2010; 48 (2): 639 - 43. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.045]
7. Cheng G, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Tao J, Liu Y, Tu G, Ma L, Liao N and Xu X. Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa. Tetrahedron. 2000; 56 (45): 8915 - 20. [DOI:10.1016/S0040-4020(00)00842-5]
8. Shen X, Tang Y, Yang R, Yu L, Fang T and Duan J-a. The protective effect of Zizyphus jujube fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in mice by anti-oxidative activities. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 122 (3): 555 - 60. [DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.027]
9. Sabzghabaee A M, Khayam I, Kelishadi R, Ghannadi A, Soltani R, Badri S and Shirani S. Effect of Zizyphus jujuba fruits on dyslipidemia in obese adolescents: A triple-masked randomized controlled clinical trial. Medical Archives 2013; 67 (3): 156. [DOI:10.5455/medarh.2013.67.156-159]
10. Hemmati M, Zohoori E, Mehrpour O, Karamian M, Asghari S, Zarban A and Nasouti R. Anti-Atherogenic potential of jujube, saffron and barberry: Anti-Diabetic and antioxidant actions. EXCLI J. 2015; 14: 908.
11. Zhao H-x, Zhang H-s and Yang S-f. Phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activities in ethanolic extracts from seven cultivars of Chinese jujube. Food Science and Human Wellness 2014; 3 (3): 183 - 90. [DOI:10.1016/j.fshw.2014.12.005]
12. Zafar R and Ali S M. Anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of Cichorium intybus L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 63 (3): 227 - 31. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00087-7]
13. Nandagopal S and Kumari B R. Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) -A multipurpose medicinal plant. Advances in Biological Res. 2007; 1 (1 - 2): 17 - 21.
14. El-Sayed Y S, Lebda M A, Hassinin M and Neoman S A. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root extract regulates the oxidative status and antioxidant gene transcripts in CCl 4- induced hepatotoxicity. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (3): e0121549. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0121549]
15. Hassan H A and Yousef M I. Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. FCT. 2010; 48 (8): 2163 - 9. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.023]
16. Flora K, Hahn M, Rosen H and Benner K. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. AJG. 1998; 93 (2): 139 - 43. [DOI:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00139.x]
17. Tamayo C and Diamond S. Review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.). Integrative Cancer Therapies 2007; 6 (2): 146 - 57. [DOI:10.1177/1534735407301942]
18. Shaker E, Mahmoud H and Mnaa S. Silymarin, the antioxidant component and Silybum marianum extracts prevent liver damage. Food and Chemical Toxicol. 2010; 48 (3): 803 - 06. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.011]
19. Škottová N, Kazdová L, Oliyarnyk O, Večeřa R, Sobolová L and Ulrichová J. Phenolics-rich extracts from Silybum marianum and Prunella vulgaris reduce a high-sucrose diet induced oxidative stress in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Pharmacological Res. 2004; 50 (2): 123 - 30. [DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2003.12.013]
20. Bosisio E, Benelli C and Pirola O. Effect of the flavanolignans of Silybum marianum L. on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes. Pharmacological Res. 1992; 25 (2): 147159 - 150165. [DOI:10.1016/1043-6618(92)91383-R]
21. Jacobs B P, Dennehy C, Ramirez G, Sapp J and Lawrence V A. Milk thistle for the treatment of liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJM. 2002; 113 (6): 506 - 15. [DOI:10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01244-5]
22. Emamat H, Noori M, Foroughi F, Rismanchi M, Eini-Zinab H and Hekmatdoost A. An Accessible and Pragmatic Experimental Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. MEJDD. 2016; 8 (2): 109 - 15. [DOI:10.15171/mejdd.2016.15]
23. Abbas Z K, Saggu S, Sakeran M I, Zidan N, Rehman H and Ansari A A. Phytochemical, antioxidant and mineral composition of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves. Saudi J. Biological Sciences 2015; 22 (3): 322 - 6. [DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.015]
24. Kim N-C, Graf T N, Sparacino C M, Wani M C and Wall M E. Complete isolation and characterization of silybins and isosilybins from milk thistle (Silybum marianum). OBC. 2003; 1 (10): 1684 - 9. [DOI:10.1039/b300099k]
25. Farrell G C and Larter C Z. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatol. 2006; 43 (2 Suppl 1): S99 - s112. [DOI:10.1002/hep.20973]
26. Ahmed U, Redgrave T G and Oates P S. Effect of dietary fat to produce non-alcoholic fatty liver in the rat. J. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 24 (8): 1463 - 71. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05870.x]
27. Marchesini G, Bugianesi E, Forlani G, Cerrelli F, Lenzi M, Manini R, Natale S, Vanni E, Villanova N and Melchionda N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatol. 2003; 37 (4): 917 - 23. [DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50161]
28. Kucera O and Cervinkova Z. Experimental models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. WJG. 2014; 20 (26): 8364 - 76. [DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8364]
29. Peng W-H, Hsieh M-T, Lee Y-S, Lin Y-C and Liao J. Anxiolytic effect of seed of Ziziphus jujuba in mouse models of anxiety. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 72 (3): 435 - 41. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00255-5]
30. Yue Y, Wu S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Niu Y, Cao X, Huang F and Ding H. Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp. (FCT). 2014; 74: 76 - 84. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.006]
31. Li J-W, Fan L-P, Ding S-D and Ding X-L. Nutritional composition of five cultivars of Chinese jujube. Food Chem. 2007; 103 (2): 454 - 60. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.016]
32. Kim H-S. Effects of the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the lipid components in hyperlipidemic rats. J. Food Science and Nutrition. 2002; 7 (1): 72 - 7. [DOI:10.3746/jfn.2002.7.1.072]
33. Greenlee H, Abascal K, Yarnell E and Ladas E. Clinical Applications of Silybum marianum in Oncology. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2007; 6 (2): 158 - 65. [DOI:10.1177/1534735407301727]
34. Kroll D J, Shaw H S and Oberlies N H. Milk Thistle Nomenclature: Why It Matters in Cancer Research and Pharmacokinetic Studies. (ICT). 2007; 6 (2): 110 - 9. [DOI:10.1177/1534735407301825]
35. Huseini H F, Larijani B, Heshmat R a, Fakhrzadeh H, Radjabipour B, Toliat T and Raza M. The efficacy of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial. Phytotherapy Res. 2006; 20 (12): 1036 - 9. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.1988]
36. Katiyar S K, Meleth S and Sharma S D. Silymarin, a Flavonoid from Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.), Inhibits UV‐induced Oxidative Stress Through Targeting Infiltrating CD11b + Cells in Mouse Skin. Photochemistry and Photobiol. 2008; 84 (2): 266 - 71. [DOI:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00241.x]
37. Upur H, Amat N, Blažeković B and Talip A. Protective effect of Cichorium glandulosum root extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. FCT. 2009; 47 (8): 2022 - 30. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.022]
38. Asl Z S, Malekirad A A, Abdollahi M, Bakhshipour A, Dastjerdi H A, Mostafalou S and Poor R Y. Effects of the Mixture of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum on hepatic enzymes activity and biochemical parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Health. 2014; 6 (11): 1212. [DOI:10.4236/health.2014.611148]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
