en فارماكوگنوزی و فارماسيوتيكس Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics پژوهشی Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Background:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> The hazards of chemical pesticides to human health and the environment have driven interest in botanical pesticides as safer alternatives. The two-spotted spider mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae </i>Koch) is among the most economically damaging pests in farms and greenhouses.<b> </b></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Objective: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">This study aimed to develop and evaluate a botanical acaricide formulation, AzaMite, prepared from neem and cinnamon oils against <i>T. urticae</i>. </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Methods: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">AzaMite was formulated using neem and cinnamon oils, and its physicochemical properties were characterized using standard analytical techniques, including HPLC for azadirachtin quantification and GC-MS for cinnamon oil components. Laboratory bioassays and greenhouse trials were conducted against <i>T. urticae </i>across multiple concentrations. Mortality data were analyzed using probit regression and analysis of variance.<b> </b></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Results: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) and LC₉₀ of AzaMite were calculated at 1.46 and 4.09%, respectively. AzaMite significantly increased mortality in <i>T. urticae</i>, indicating its potential for sustainable pest management. Physicochemical analysis further highlighted the time-dependent variation in azadirachtin stability.<b> </b></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">AzaMite demonstrates considerable potential as an environmentally friendly alternative for pest control. Further research is required to determine optimal application rates and timing and to minimize potential unintended ecological consequences.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> Botanical insecticide, Pest, Toxicity, Neem oil, Cinnamon oil 92 100 http://jmp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-492-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farzaneh Nabati fnabati.fn@gmail.com 100319475328460050193 100319475328460050193 Yes Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Darab Yazdani dayazdani@yahoo.com 100319475328460050194 100319475328460050194 No Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Mousa Khani impkhani@gmail.com 100319475328460050195 100319475328460050195 No Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Farzaneh Jokar Shoorijeh Jokar.farzaneh.fj@gmail.com 100319475328460050196 100319475328460050196 No Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran